Active printed materials for complex self-evolving deformations
Open accessAbstract
We propose a new design of complex self-evolving structures that vary over time due to environmental interaction. In conventional 3D printing systems, materials are meant to be stable rather than active and fabricated models are designed and printed as static objects. Here, we introduce a novel approach for simulating and fabricating self-evolving structures that transform into a predetermined shape, changing property and function after fabrication. The new locally coordinated bending primitives combine into a single system, allowing for a global deformation which can stretch, fold and bend given environmental stimulus.
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4D printing is advantageous to save space for storage and transportation and enlarges the range of applications to areas in which a dynamical configurational change is required.
“4D printing is particularly advantageous to save space for storage and transportation purposes and enlarges the range of applications to those areas in which a dynamical configurational change is required [190], as in the case of soft robotics.”
From Two-Way and Multiple-Way Shape Memory Polymers for Soft Robotics: An Overview (2020) · cites this paper as [190]
The Abstract describes printed structures that change shape over time in response to environmental stimuli and identifies soft robotics as an application. The Conclusions likewise discuss structures that change geometry for future applications. Neither passage establishes that 4D printing saves storage or transportation space; a search for that advantage found no supporting passage in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.85)
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- Authors
- Raviv, D., Zhao, W., McKnelly, C., Papadopoulou, A., Kadambi, A., Shi, B., Hirsch, S., Dikovsky, D., Zyracki, M., Olguin, C., Raskar, R., & Tibbits, S.
- Affiliations
- MIT Media Lab (US)
- Autodesk (United States) (US)
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (US)
- Singapore University of Technology and Design (SG)
- Stratasys (Israel) (IL)
- Corresponding author
- Raviv, Dan
- Venue
- Scientific Reports
- Published
- 2014-12-18
- Volume
- 4
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 7422-7422
- ISSN
- 2045-2322 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4270353
- OpenAlex
- W2094868720
- Cited by
- 568
- References
- 23
- Citations by year
- 2026: 27 · 2025: 42 · 2024: 44 · 2023: 51 · 2022: 64 · 2021: 65 · 2020: 74 · 2019: 63 · 2018: 50 · 2017: 44 · 2016: 30 · 2015: 14
- FWCI
- 34.15
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Update notices
- correction (2018-10-22)
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Scientific Reports (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › Advanced Materials and Mechanics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Automotive Engineering › Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing Technologies
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Soft Robotics and Applications
- Keywords
- shape-changing materials, 3D printing, environmental stimuli, folding, stretching, bending, shape transformation, material property variation
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