Lithium-ion battery recycling: a source of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) to the environment?
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PFAS are widely used in lithium-ion batteries, which may be problematic for the rapidly growing battery recycling industry.
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The release of PFAS during lithium-ion battery recycling has attracted increasing attention in recent years.
“In addition, the release of PFAS during lithium-ion battery recycling has attracted increasing attention in recent years (Rensmo et al., 2023).”
From Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in the marine environment: An overview and prospects (2025) · cites this paper as Rensmo et al., 2023
The Introduction says interest in PFAS has intensified and the review examines their potential release during lithium-ion battery recycling. But it also says information on PFAS emissions from recycling is scarce; it does not establish that attention to this specific release pathway has increased in recent years. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredNTf2 is a fluorinated anion of ionic liquids and is used in lithium-ion batteries, solid-state supercapacitors, and extraction agents.
“This compound was a fluorinated anion of ionic liquids (Neuwald et al., 2022) and was used in lithium-ion batteries, solid-state supercapacitors and extraction agents (Rensmo et al., 2023; Zhao et al., 2023).”
From Molecular characteristics of emerging perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and dissolved organic matter (DOM) in surface waters around fluorine-related industries in a Chinese Megacity (2025) · cites this paper as Rensmo et al., 2023
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Sorted by citations
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in the marine environment: An overview and prospects
Wang, Q., Shao, Y., Leung, K. M. Y., Lam, P. K. S., & Ruan, Y. (2025) · Marine Pollution Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2025.117993 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Li, S., Liu, J., An, X., Tang, C., Tang, C., Zhang, B., Chen, C., Lin, T., Jones, K. C., & Zhao, Z. (2025) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2025.109444 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
- Authors
- Rensmo, A., Savvidou, E. K., Cousins, I. T., Hu, X., Schellenberger, S., & Benskin, J. P.
- Affiliations
- Stockholm University (SE)
- Swerim (SE)
- RISE Research Institutes of Sweden (SE)
- Corresponding author
- Rensmo, Amanda
- ORCID
- Venue
- Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts
- Publisher
- Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
- Published
- 2023
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1015-1030
- ISSN
- 2050-7887 (ISSN-L)
- 2050-7895
- OpenAlex
- W4367338555
- Cited by
- 123
- References
- 9
- Citations by year
- 2026: 41 · 2025: 47 · 2024: 32 · 2023: 3
- FWCI
- 2.82
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Environmental Science Processes & Impacts (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- KTH Publication Database DiVA (KTH Royal Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Funders
- Svenska Forskningsrådet Formas (2020-01978)
- Energimyndigheten (48208-1)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances research
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › Extraction and Separation Processes
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Waste Management and Disposal › Recycling and Waste Management Techniques
- Keywords
- lithium-ion battery recycling, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, PFAS, environmental contamination, post-treatment
- MeSH terms
- Electrolytes, Fluorocarbons, Ions, Lithium, Metals, Electric Power Supplies, Recycling
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