Modulation of cathepsin D activity in retinal pigment epithelial cells
Open accessAbstract
This project used retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells to investigate the effects of up- and down-regulation of cathepsin D expression on the processing of cathepsin D and on the normal phagocytic and digestive function of these cells. RPE cells were transfected with a pHbetaApr-1-neo vector construct carrying the full-length sequence of the translated region of human cathepsin D in sense and antisense directions. Transfected cells were characterized for the presence and expression of the transgene by PCR amplification using transgene-specific primers. Total aspartic proteinase activity present in transformed RPE cells was measured by an enzyme assay using haemoglobin as substrate. Flow cytometry was used to quantify phagocytosis of fluorescein isothiocyanate-labelled rod outer segments (ROS), and lysosomal digestion of ROS was monitored by immunofluorescence. A 435 bp fragment was present in RPE cells carrying the cathepsin D transgene in sense and antisense orientations after PCR amplification. Expression of both 52 kDa procathepsin D and 34 kDa active cathepsin D was significantly up-regulated in sense cathepsin D-transfected RPE cells and down-regulated in RPE cells transfected with antisense cathepsin D. No other forms of cathepsin D were detected in the transfected cells, suggesting that, if pseudo-cathepsin D exists in RPE cells in vivo, it requires the presence of unknown specific regulatory elements. The up- and down-regulation of cathepsin D expression was further confirmed by enzyme assay. Transfected cells retained their phagocytosing ability after ROS challenge and maintained their ability to process ROS. The processing of ROS was significantly slower in RPE cells transfected with antisense than control vector or in sense-cathepsin D-transfected cells. These results demonstrate that cathepsin D is a major proteolytic enzyme participating in the lysosomal digestion of photoreceptor outer segments.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Cathepsin D was reported to degrade OS proteins in vitro, including rhodopsin.
“It was reported to degrade OS proteins in vitro (Hayasaka et al., 1975; Rakoczy et al., 1997), including rhodopsin (Regan et al., 1980).”
From The cell biology of the retinal pigment epithelium (2020) · cites this paper as Rakoczy et al., 1997
In RPE-J cells, engulfed POS co-localize with LAMP1, LAMP2, and cathepsin D, indicating that POS degradation proceeds.
“Indeed, we observed that in RPE-J cells engulfed POS co-localized with LAMP1, LAMP2, and cathepsin D (Figure 5A, left panels, arrows) indicating that POS degradation was proceeding (Bosch et al., 1993; Rakoczy et al., 1997; Ramkumar et al., 2010).”
From Noncanonical autophagy promotes the visual cycle (2013) · cites this paper as Rakoczy et al., 1997
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
The renewal of photoreceptor cell outer segments
Young, R. W. (1967) · The Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.33.1.61 · Cited by 1,184 · see citing works
Gunning, P. W., Leavitt, J. C., Muscat, G. E. O., Ng, S. Y., & Kedes, L. (1987) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.84.14.4831 · Cited by 739 · see citing works
Mullen, R. J., & LaVail, M. M. (1976) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1265483 · Cited by 530 · see citing works
Saleh, M., Stacker, S. A., & Wilks, A. F. (1996) · PubMed · Cited by 356 · see citing works
Cathepsin D: A protease involved in breast cancer metastasis
Rochefort, H., Capony, F., & Garcia, M. (1990) · Cancer and Metastasis Reviews · doi:10.1007/bf00049522 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Structure and Function of the Aspartic Proteinases
Dunn, B. M. (1991) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-6012-4 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Aspartic proteinases: structure, function, biology and biomedical implications
(1997) · General Pharmacology The Vascular System · doi:10.1016/s0306-3623(97)84215-2 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Structural requirements of procathepsin D activation and maturation.
Richo, G. R., & Conner, G. E. (1994) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(17)36696-6 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
An in vitro model of phagocytosis in bovine and human retinal pigment epithelium
Feeney, L., & Mixon, R. N. (1976) · Experimental Eye Research · doi:10.1016/0014-4835(76)90190-1 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Biological and Clinical Significance of Cathepsin D in Breast Cancer
Rochefort, H. (1992) · Acta Oncologica · doi:10.3109/02841869209088891 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Augereau, P., Garcia, M., Mattéi, M., Cavaillès, V., Depadova, F., Derocq, D., Capony, F., Ferrara, P., & Rochefort, H. (1988) · Molecular Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/mend-2-2-186 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Kinetic studies of rod outer segment binding and ingestion by cultured rat RPE cells
Hall, M. O., & Abrams, T. A. (1987) · Experimental Eye Research · doi:10.1016/s0014-4835(87)80105-7 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Boulton, M., Moriarty, P., Jarvis-Evans, J., & Marcyniuk, B. (1994) · British Journal of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1136/bjo.78.2.125 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Liaudet, E., Derocq, D., Rochefort, H., & Garcia, M. (1995) · PubMed · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Regan, C. M., de Grip, W. J., Daemen, F. J. M., & Bonting, S. L. (1980) · Experimental Eye Research · doi:10.1016/0014-4835(80)90112-8 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Biological and clinical significance of cathepsin D in breast cancer.
Rochefort, H. (1990) · PubMed · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Rakoczy, P. E., Mann, K., Cavaney, D. M., Robertson, T. A., Papadimitreou, J., & Constable, I. J. (1994) · PubMed · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Proteolytic Activation of Human Procathepsin D
Richo, G. R., & Conner, G. E. (1991) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-6012-4_35 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
The relative proportions of lysosomal enzyme activities in bovine retinal pigment epithelium
Zimmerman, W. F., Godchaux, W., & Belkin, M. (1983) · Experimental Eye Research · doi:10.1016/0014-4835(83)90098-2 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Kennedy, C. J., Rakoczy, P. E., Robertson, T. A., Papadimitriou, J. M., & Constable, I. J. (1994) · Experimental Cell Research · doi:10.1006/excr.1994.1031 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
RAKOCZY, P. E., BAINES, M., KENNEDY, C. J., & CONSTABLE, I. J. (1996) · Experimental Eye Research · doi:10.1006/exer.1996.0104 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Rakoczy, P. E., Kennedy, C., Thompson-Wallis, D. E., Mann, K., & Constable, I. J. (1992) · Biology of the Cell · doi:10.1016/0248-4900(92)90194-6 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Immunohistochemical localization of cathepsin D in ocular tissues.
Yamada, T., Hara, S., & Tamai, M. (1990) · PubMed · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Kennedy, C. J., Rakoczy, P. E., & Constable, I. J. (1996) · Current Eye Research · doi:10.3109/02713689609017646 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Lin, C., Ng, S. Y., Gunning, P. W., Kedes, L., & Leavitt, J. C. (1985) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.82.20.6995 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Weinander, R., Mosialou, E., DeJong, J. L., Tu, C. D., Dypbukt, J. M., Bergman, T., Barnes, H. J., Höög, J. O., & Morgenstern, R. (1995) · Biochemical Journal · doi:10.1042/bj3110861 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Porrello, K. V., Yasumura, D., & LaVail, M. M. (1986) · Experimental Eye Research · doi:10.1016/s0014-4835(86)80077-x · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Lysosomal enzymes in the interphotoreceptor matrix: Acid protease
Adler, A. J., & Martin, K. J. (1982) · Current Eye Research · doi:10.3109/02713688209000781 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Localization of lysosomal enzymes in the retina and retinal pigment epithelium of RCS rats
El-Hifnawi, E.-S., Kühnel, W., El-Hifnawi, A., & Laqua, H. (1994) · Annals of Anatomy - Anatomischer Anzeiger · doi:10.1016/s0940-9602(11)80384-5 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Cavaney, D., Rakoczy, P. E., & Constable, I. J. (1996) · Australian and New Zealand Journal of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1111/j.1442-9071.1996.tb01003.x · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
2 of the 32 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- Gunning, P., Leavitt, J., Muscat, G., Ng, S. and Kedes, L. (1987) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 84, 4831-4835
- Lin, C., Ng, S., Gunning, P., Kedes, L. and Leavitt, J. (1985) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.
- Crossman, M., Boulton, M., Marshall, J. and Mellerio, J. (1989) Biochem. Soc. Trans. 302, 1989-1990
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Age-related macular degeneration: etiology, pathogenesis, and therapeutic strategies
Ambati, J., Ambati, B. K., Yoo, S. H., Ianchulev, S., & Adamis, A. P. (2003) · Survey of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/s0039-6257(03)00030-4 · Cited by 959 · see citing works
The cell biology of the retinal pigment epithelium
Lakkaraju, A., Umapathy, A., Tan, L. X., Daniele, L., Philp, N. J., Boesze-Battaglia, K., & Williams, D. S. (2020) · Progress in Retinal and Eye Research · doi:10.1016/j.preteyeres.2020.100846 · Cited by 422 · see citing works
Noncanonical autophagy promotes the visual cycle
Kim, J.-Y., Zhao, H., Martinez, J., Doggett, T. A., Kolesnikov, A. V., Tang, P. H., Ablonczy, Z., Chan, C.-C., Zhou, Z., Green, D. R., et al. (2013) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2013.06.012 · Cited by 347 · see citing works
RPE necroptosis in response to oxidative stress and in AMD
Hanus, J., Anderson, C. A., & Wang, S. (2015) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2015.09.002 · Cited by 286 · see citing works
Ferrington, D. A., Sinha, D., & Kaarniranta, K. (2016) · Progress in Retinal and Eye Research · doi:10.1016/j.preteyeres.2015.09.002 · Cited by 241 · see citing works
Estrogen receptor in the human eye: influence of gender and age on gene expression.
Ogueta, S. B., Schwartz, S. D., Yamashita, C., & Farber, D. B. (1999) · PubMed · Cited by 235 · see citing works
Understanding photoreceptor outer segment phagocytosis: use and utility of RPE cells in culture
Mazzoni, F., Safa, H., & Finnemann, S. C. (2014) · Experimental Eye Research · doi:10.1016/j.exer.2014.01.010 · Cited by 221 · see citing works
Retinal ultrastructure of murine models of dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD)
Ramkumar, H. L., Zhang, J., & Chan, C.-C. (2010) · Progress in Retinal and Eye Research · doi:10.1016/j.preteyeres.2010.02.002 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Valapala, M., Wilson, C., Hose, S., Bhutto, I. A., Grebe, R., Dong, A., Greenbaum, S., Gu, L., Sengupta, S., Cano, M., et al. (2014) · Autophagy · doi:10.4161/auto.27292 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Activation of Multiple Pathways during Photoreceptor Apoptosis in the rd Mouse
Doonan, F., Donovan, M., & Cotter, T. G. (2005) · Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science · doi:10.1167/iovs.05-0248 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Inhibition of RPE lysosomal and antioxidant activity by the age pigment lipofuscin.
Shamsi, F. A., & Boulton, M. (2001) · PubMed · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Glenn, J. V., Mahaffy, H., Wu, K., Smith, G., Nagai, R., Simpson, D. A. C., Boulton, M. E., & Stitt, A. W. (2009) · Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science · doi:10.1167/iovs.08-1724 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Krohne, T. U., Kaemmerer, E., Holz, F. G., & Kopitz, J. (2009) · Experimental Eye Research · doi:10.1016/j.exer.2009.10.014 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Proteome profiling of vitreoretinal diseases by cluster analysis
Shitama, T., Hayashi, H., Noge, S., Uchio, E., Oshima, K., Haniu, H., Takemori, N., Komori, N., & Matsumoto, H. (2008) · PROTEOMICS - CLINICAL APPLICATIONS · doi:10.1002/prca.200800017 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Senescence of the retinal pigment epithelium.
Hjelmeland, L. M., Cristofolo, V. J., Funk, W., Rakoczy, E., & Katz, M. L. (1999) · PubMed · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Elner, V. M. (2002) · PubMed Central · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Zuhl, A. M., Nolan, C. E., Brodney, M. A., Niessen, S., Atchison, K. P., Houle, C. D., Karanian, D. A., Ambroise, C., Brulet, J. W., Beck, E. M., et al. (2016) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms13042 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Zigler, J. S., Zhang, C., Grebe, R. R., Sehrawat, G., Hackler, L., Adhya, S., Hose, S., McLeod, D. S., Bhutto, I. A., Barbour, W., et al. (2011) · Journal of Cell Science · doi:10.1242/jcs.078790 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Stem cells as source for retinal pigment epithelium transplantation
Bertolotti, E., Neri, A., Camparini, M., Macaluso, C., & Marigo, V. (2014) · Progress in Retinal and Eye Research · doi:10.1016/j.preteyeres.2014.06.002 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Singh, R., Kuai, D., Guziewicz, K. E., Meyer, J., Wilson, M. M., Lü, J., Smith, M. A., Clark, E., Verhoeven, A. D., Aguirre, G. D., et al. (2015) · Molecular Therapy · doi:10.1038/mt.2015.141 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Hoppe, G., Marmorstein, A. D., Pennock, E. A., & Hoff, H. F. (2001) · PubMed · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Vitreous humor in the pathologic scope: Insights from proteomic approaches
Monteiro, J. P., Santos, F. M., Rocha, A. S., Sousa, J. P. C., Queiroz, J. A., Passarinha, L. A., & Tomaz, C. T. (2014) · PROTEOMICS - CLINICAL APPLICATIONS · doi:10.1002/prca.201400133 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Sethna, S., Chamakkala, T., Gu, X., Thompson, T. C., Cao, G., Elliott, M. H., & Finnemann, S. C. (2016) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m115.687004 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Shang, P., Valapala, M., Grebe, R. R., Hose, S., Ghosh, S., Bhutto, I. A., Handa, J. T., Lutty, G. A., Lü, L., Wan, J., et al. (2017) · Aging Cell · doi:10.1111/acel.12561 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Melanoregulin (MREG) modulates lysosome function in pigment epithelial cells
Damek-Poprawa, M., Diemer, T., Lopes, V. S., Lillo, C., Harper, D. C., Marks, M. S., Wu, Y., Sparrow, J. R., Rachel, R. A., Williams, D. S., et al. (2009) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m808857200 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Kociok, N., & Joussen, A. M. (2006) · Graefe s Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology · doi:10.1007/s00417-006-0266-x · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Distribution of Cathepsin D in Human Eyes with or without Age-related Maculopathy
Rakoczy, P. E., Sarks, S. H., Daw, N., & Constable, I. J. (1999) · Experimental Eye Research · doi:10.1006/exer.1999.0700 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Hoppe, G., O'NEIL, J. A., Hoff, H. F., & Sears, J. E. (2004) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.bbadis.2004.01.004 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Mannerström, M., Mäenpää, H., Toimela, T., Salminen, L., & Tähti, H. (2001) · Pharmacology & Toxicology · doi:10.1034/j.1600-0773.2001.088001027.x · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Esterase activity in porcine and albino rabbit ocular tissues
Heikkinen, E. M., del Amo, E. M., Ranta, V., Urtti, A. O., Vellonen, K., & Ruponen, M. (2018) · European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.ejps.2018.07.034 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Proteomic analysis of mature melanosomes from the retinal pigmented epithelium
Azarian, S. M., McLeod, I., Lillo, C., Gibbs, D., Yates, J. R., & Williams, D. S. (2006) · Journal of Proteome Research · doi:10.1021/pr0502323 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Melanization and phagocytosis: implications for age related macular degeneration.
Sarangarajan, R., & Apte, S. (2005) · PubMed · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Light induced retinal degeneration activates a caspase-independent pathway involving cathepsin D
Chahory, S., Keller, N., Martin, E., Omri, B., Crisanti, P., & Torriglia, A. (2010) · Neurochemistry International · doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2010.06.006 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Paraoan, L., Sharif, U., Carlsson, E., Supharattanasitthi, W., Mahmud, N. M., Kamalden, T. A., Hiscott, P. S., Jackson, M. J., & Grierson, I. (2020) · Progress in Retinal and Eye Research · doi:10.1016/j.preteyeres.2020.100859 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Senescence‐associated β‐galactosidase activity in the developing avian retina
de Mera‐Rodríguez, J. A., Álvarez‐Hernán, G., Gañán, Y., Martín‐Partido, G., Rodríguez‐León, J., & Francisco‐Morcillo, J. (2019) · Developmental Dynamics · doi:10.1002/dvdy.74 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Yücel, İ., Akar, M. E., Dora, B., Akar, Y., Taşkın, Ö., & Özer, H. O. (2005) · Canadian Journal of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/s0008-4182(05)80117-6 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Dalvi, S., Galloway, C. A., Winschel, L., Hashim, A., Soto, C. A., Tang, C., MacDonald, L. A., & Singh, R. (2019) · Cell Death Discovery · doi:10.1038/s41420-019-0171-9 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Escrevente, C., Falcão, A. S., Hall, M. J., Lopes‐da‐Silva, M., Antas, P., Mesquita, M., Ferreira, I. S., Cardoso, H., Oliveira, D., Fradinho, A. C., et al. (2021) · Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science · doi:10.1167/iovs.62.9.39 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
αvβ5 Integrin/FAK/PGC-1α Pathway Confers Protective Effects on Retinal Pigment Epithelium
Roggia, M. F., & Ueta, T. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0134870 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Long-term effects of short-term retinal bleb detachments in rabbits
Ivert, L., Kjeldbye, H. M., & Gouras, P. (2002) · Graefe s Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology · doi:10.1007/s00417-001-0392-4 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Zhang, D., Brankov, M., Makhija, M. T., Robertson, T., Helmerhorst, E., Papadimitriou, J. M., & Rakoczy, P. E. (2005) · Investigative Opthalmology & Visual Science · doi:10.1167/iovs.04-1510 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Quantitative determination and localization of cathepsin D and its inhibitors.
Minarowska, A., Karwowska, A., & Gacko, M. (2009) · Folia Histochemica et Cytobiologica · doi:10.2478/v10042-009-0073-4 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Bejarano‐Escobar, R., Holguín‐Arévalo, M. S., Montero, J. A., Francisco‐Morcillo, J., & Martín‐Partido, G. (2011) · Developmental Dynamics · doi:10.1002/dvdy.22673 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Bhattacharya, M., Sarkhel, S., Peltoniemi, J., Broadbridge, R. J., Tuomainen, M. H., Auriola, S. O. K., & Urtti, A. O. (2017) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.02.013 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Expression of cathepsin S antisense transcripts by adenovirus in retinal pigment epithelial cells.
Rakoczy, P. E., Lai, M. C., Baines, M. G., Spilsbury, K., & Constable, I. J. (1998) · PubMed · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Joly, S., Samardzija, M., Wenzel, A., Thiersch, M., & Grimm, C. (2009) · Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science · doi:10.1167/iovs.08-2432 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Estrogens Reduce the Expression of YKL-40 in the Retina: Implications for Eye and Joint Diseases
Rakic, J., Lambert, V., Deprez, M., Foidart, J.-M., Noël, A., & Munaut, C. (2003) · Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science · doi:10.1167/iovs.02-0775 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Dynamics of phosphorothioate oligonucleotides in normal and laser photocoagulated retina
Shen, W., Garrett, K., da Cruz, L., Constable, I. J., & Rakoczy, P. E. (1999) · British Journal of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1136/bjo.83.7.852 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
A model for a blinding eye disease of the aged
Zhang, D., Lai, M. C., Constable, I. J., & Rakoczy, P. E. (2002) · Biogerontology · doi:10.1023/a:1015259413857 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Müller Cells and the Retinal Pigment Epithelium
Gullapalli, V. K., Sugino, I. K., & Zarbin, M. A. (2008) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-1-4160-0016-7.50128-4 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Prosaposin Gene Expression in Normal and Dystrophic RCS Rat Retina
Berghe, L. V. D. (2004) · Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science · doi:10.1167/iovs.03-1048 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Abdel-Maguid, T. E., & Bowsher, D. (1984) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Loss of melanoregulin (MREG) enhances cathepsin-D secretion by the retinal pigment epithelium
FROST, L. S., LOPES, V. S., STEFANO, F. P., BRAGIN, A., WILLIAMS, D. S., MITCHELL, C. H., & BOESZE-BATTAGLIA, K. (2013) · Visual Neuroscience · doi:10.1017/s0952523813000096 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Rhythmicity of the Retinal Pigment Epithelium
Ruggiero, L., & Finnemann, S. C. (2013) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-9613-7_6 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Lai, C.-M., Robertson, T., Papadimitriou, J., Shen, W.-Y., Daw, N., Constable, I. J., & Rakoczy, P. E. (2000) · Molecular Therapy · doi:10.1006/mthe.2000.0195 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Self-citationMiller, R. D., Mondon, I., Ellis, C., Muir, A.-M., Turner, S., Keeling, E., Wai, H. A., Chatelet, D. S., Johnson, D. A., Tumbarello, D. A., et al. (2025) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells14151166 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Zhang, D., Lai, M. C., Constable, I. J., & Rakoczy, P. E. (2000) · Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology · doi:10.1046/j.1442-9071.2000.00297.x · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Brillante, S., Volpe, M., Diana, A., Negueruela, S., Molinari, M., Saurino, R., Cipollaro, E., Polishchuk, E., Tenderini, E., Damiano, C., et al. (2026) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2504764123 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Rakoczy, E. P., Shen, W., Spilsbury, K., Yu, M., Lai, M. C., Barry, C. J., & Constable, I. J. (1999) · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Babu, K. A., Sen, P., Biswas, J., & Angayarkanni, N. (2022) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-1647955/v1 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Development Of Rat Models For Choroidal Neovascularisation (CNV)
Rakoczy, P. E., Shen, W., Spilsbury, K., Yu, M., Lai, M. C., Barry, C. J., & Constable, I. J. (2007) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-0-585-33172-0_36
Kuronen, M. (2012) · Työväentutkimus Vuosikirja
Dietary Antioxidants, αvβ5 Integrin, and Ocular Protection
Sethna, S., & Finnemann, S. C. (2014) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-401717-7.00058-7
Impact of Oxidized Lipids in the pathogenic mechanism of Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Angayarkanni, N., Babu, K. A., Raman, R., & Biswas, J. (2025) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-19116-9.00046-4
- Authors
- RAKOCZY, P. E., LAI, C. M., BAINES, M., GRANDI, S. D., FITTON, J. H., & CONSTABLE, I. J.
- Affiliations
- Lions Eye Institute (AU)
- The University of Western Australia (AU)
- Corresponding author
- BAINES, Michael
- Venue
- Biochemical Journal
- Publisher
- Portland Press Ltd.
- Published
- 1997-06-15
- Volume
- 324
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 935-940
- ISSN
- 0264-6021 (ISSN-L)
- 1470-8728
- PMC
- PMC1218511
- OpenAlex
- W1886996198
- Cited by
- 64
- References
- 32
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 1.13
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Biochemical Journal (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UWA Profiles and Research Repository (University of Western Australia) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Université de Montpellier
- University of California, Los Angeles
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Protease and Inhibitor Mechanisms
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Ophthalmology › Retinal Diseases and Treatments
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Retinal Development and Disorders
- Keywords
- cathepsin D, retinal pigment epithelial cells, rod outer segment phagocytosis, lysosomal digestion, aspartic protease, procathepsin D, antisense transfection
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Cathepsin D, Cattle, Child, Cloning, Molecular, Genetic Vectors, Humans, Phagocytosis, Pigment Epithelium of Eye, Recombinant Proteins, RNA, Messenger, Rod Cell Outer Segment, Transfection, Blotting, Western, Aspartic Acid Endopeptidases
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
