Cited by 959Retinal Diseases and TreatmentsRetinal Development and DisordersRetinal Imaging and Analysis

Age-related macular degeneration: etiology, pathogenesis, and therapeutic strategies

Ambati, Jayakrishna, Ambati, Balamurali K, Yoo, Sonia H, Ianchulev, Sean, Adamis, Anthony P·2003·Survey of Ophthalmology

Abstract

Age-related macular degeneration is the principal cause of registered legal blindness among those aged over 65 in the United States, western Europe, Australia, and Japan. Despite intensive research, the precise etiology of molecular events that underlie age-related macular degeneration is poorly understood. However, investigations on parallel fronts are addressing this prevalent public health problem. Sophisticated biochemical and biophysical techniques have refined our understanding of the pathobiology of drusen, geographic atrophy, and retinal pigment epithelial detachments. Epidemiological identification of risk factors has facilitated an intelligent search for underlying mechanisms and fueled clinical investigation of behavior modification. Gene searches have not only brought us to the cusp of identifying the culpable gene loci in age-related macular degeneration, but also localized genes responsible for other macular dystrophies. Recent and ongoing investigations, often cued by tumor biology, have revealed an important role for various growth factors, particularly in the neovascular form of the condition. Transgenic and knockout studies have provided important mechanistic insights into the development of choroidal neovascularization, the principal cause of vision loss in age-related macular degeneration. This in turn has culminated in preclinical and clinical trials of directed molecular interventions.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/s0039-6257(03)00030-4

Cites

531 of 531 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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  • The pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration is not well known, although theories include oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and inflammatory processes.

    “The pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration is not well known, although a number of theories have been put forward, including oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and inflammatory processes.9–13”

    From Age-related macular degeneration (2008) · cites this paper as [10]

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Authors
Ambati, J., Ambati, B. K., Yoo, S. H., Ianchulev, S., & Adamis, A. P.
Affiliations
Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary (US)
Venue
Survey of Ophthalmology
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2003-05
Volume
48
Issue
3
Pages
257-293
ISSN
0039-6257 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2016584341
Cited by
959
References
550
Citations by year
2026: 15 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 37 · 2022: 31 · 2021: 42 · 2020: 35 · 2019: 38 · 2018: 42 · 2017: 56 · 2016: 46 · 2015: 57 · 2014: 49 · 2013: 46 · 2012: 48
FWCI
9.20
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Survey of Ophthalmology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Ophthalmology › Retinal Diseases and Treatments
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Retinal Development and Disorders
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Retinal Imaging and Analysis
Keywords
age-related macular degeneration, drusen, geographic atrophy, retinal pigment epithelium, choroidal neovascularization, genetic risk factors, macular dystrophy, growth factors, gene therapy, treatment options, legal blindness, risk factors
MeSH terms
Animals, Disease Models, Animal, Humans, Macular Degeneration, Mice, Transgenic, Risk Factors, Mice, Knockout, Mice

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