Cited by 349Exercise and Physiological ResponsesAdipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic DiseasesPhysical Activity and Health

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The anti-inflammatory effect of exercise: its role in diabetes and cardiovascular disease control

Pedersen, Bente Klarlund·2006·Essays in Biochemistry

DOI 10.1042/bse0420105

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Abstract

Chronic low-grade systemic inflammation is a feature of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Regular exercise offers protection against all-cause mortality, primarily by protection against atherosclerosis and insulin resistance and there is evidence that physical training is effective as a treatment in patients with chronic heart diseases and type 2 diabetes. Regular exercise induces anti-inflammatory actions. During exercise, IL-6 (interleukin-6) is produced by muscle fibres. IL-6 stimulates the appearance in the circulation of other anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1ra (interleukin-1 receptor antagonist) and IL-10 (interleukin-10) and inhibits the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-alpha (tumour necrosis factor-alpha). In addition, IL-6 enhances lipid turnover, stimulating lipolysis as well as fat oxidation. It is suggested that regular exercise induces suppression of TNF-alpha and thereby offers protection against TNF-alpha-induced insulin resistance. Recently, IL-6 was introduced as the first myokine, defined as a cytokine, that is produced and released by contracting skeletal muscle fibres, exerting its effects in other organs of the body. Myokines may be involved in mediating the beneficial health effects against chronic diseases associated with low-grade inflammation such as diabetes and cardiovascular diseases.

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Authors: Pedersen, B. K.
Affiliations: University of Copenhagen (DK)
Corresponding author: Pedersen, Bente Klarlund
ORCID: Pedersen, Bente Klarlund
Venue: Essays in Biochemistry
Publisher: Portland Press Ltd.
Published: 2006-11-27
Volume: 42
Pages: 105-117
ISSN: 0071-1365 (ISSN-L)
1744-1358
DOI: 10.1042/bse0420105
OpenAlex: W2103550756
Cited by: 349
References: 42
Citations by year: 2026: 10 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 27 · 2013: 23 · 2012: 21
FWCI: 2.50
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Essays in Biochemistry (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Exercise and Physiological Responses
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Physical Activity and Health
Keywords: physical activity, anti-inflammatory activity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, low-grade inflammation, interleukin-6, myokines, skeletal muscle, TNF-α, insulin resistance, atherosclerosis, IL-10, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, lipid turnover, lipolysis, fat oxidation
MeSH terms: Cardiovascular Diseases, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Exercise Therapy, Humans, Inflammation, Insulin Resistance, Models, Biological, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Exercise, Interleukin-6, Cytokines, Atherosclerosis

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The anti-inflammatory effect of exercise: its role in diabetes and cardiovascular disease control

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