Ribosomal flavours: An acquired taste for specific mRNAs?
Abstract
The regulation of translation is critical in almost every aspect of gene expression. Nonetheless, the ribosome is historically viewed as a passive player in this process. However, evidence is accumulating to suggest that variations in the ribosome can have an important influence on which mRNAs are translated. Scope for variation is provided via multiple avenues, including heterogeneity at the level of both ribosomal proteins and ribosomal RNAs and their covalent modifications. Together, these variations provide the potential for hundreds, if not thousands, of flavours of ribosome, each of which could have idiosyncratic preferences for the translation of certain messenger RNAs. Indeed, perturbations to this heterogeneity appear to affect specific subsets of transcripts and manifest as cell-type-specific diseases. This review provides a historical perspective of the ribosomal code hypothesis, before outlining the various sources of heterogeneity, their regulation and functional consequences for the cell.
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By limiting persistence of stalled ribosomes, RQC contributes to proteome quality and reduces accumulation of aberrant translation products.
“By limiting the persistence of stalled ribosomes, RQC contributes to proteome quality and reduces the accumulation of aberrant translation products [208,211].”
From Ribosome Biogenesis as a Putative Bottleneck to Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy: Mechanisms, Human Evidence, and Practical Modulators (2026) · cites this paper as [211]
Although excessive ribophagy could compromise anabolic potential, a basal level of selective turnover is likely necessary to maintain a functional ribosomal pool during repeated cycles of loading and recovery.
“Although excessive activation of ribophagy could compromise anabolic potential, a basal level of selective turnover is likely necessary to maintain a functional ribosomal pool during repeated cycles of loading and recovery [211,212].”
From Ribosome Biogenesis as a Putative Bottleneck to Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy: Mechanisms, Human Evidence, and Practical Modulators (2026) · cites this paper as [211]
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“By limiting the persistence of stalled ribosomes, RQC contributes to proteome quality and reduces the accumulation of aberrant translation products [208,211].”
- Authors
- Bates, C., Hubbard, S. J., & Ashe, M. P.
- Affiliations
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre (GB)
- Venue
- Biochemical Society Transactions
- Publisher
- Portland Press Ltd.
- Published
- 2018-11-12
- Volume
- 46
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1529-1539
- ISSN
- 0300-5127 (ISSN-L)
- 1470-8752
- OpenAlex
- W2901536600
- Cited by
- 8
- References
- 151
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 1
- FWCI
- 0.10
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Biochemical Society Transactions (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Explorer (The University of Manchester) (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust (210002/Z/17/Z)
- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BB/P018270/1, BB/K005979/1, BB/N000757/1)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA modifications and cancer
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA Research and Splicing
- Keywords
- ribosome heterogeneity, translational regulation, ribosomal proteins, ribosomal RNA, covalent modification, ribosome biogenesis
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Humans, Ribosomes, RNA, Messenger, Gene Expression
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