Tea tree oil reduces histamine-induced skin inflammation
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Tea tree oil is the essential oil steam-distilled from Melaleuca alternifolia, an Australian native plant. In recent years it has become increasingly popular as an antimicrobial for the treatment of conditions such as tinea pedis and acne. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the anti-inflammatory properties of tea tree oil on histamine-induced weal and flare. METHODS: Twenty-seven volunteers were injected intradermally in each forearm (study and control assigned on an alternating basis) with histamine diphosphate (5 microg in 50 microL). Flare and weal diameters and double skin thickness were measured every 10 min for 1 h to calculate flare area and weal volume. At 20 min, 25 microL of 100% tea tree oil was applied topically to the study forearm of 21 volunteers. For six volunteers, 25 microL paraffin oil was applied instead of tea tree oil. RESULTS: Application of liquid paraffin had no significant effect on histamine-induced weal and flare. There was also no difference in mean flare area between control arms and those on which tea tree oil was applied. However, mean weal volume significantly decreased after tea tree oil application (10 min after tea tree oil application, P = 0.0004, Mann-Whitney U-test). CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to show experimentally that tea tree oil can reduce histamine-induced skin inflammation.
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Koh et al. study on tea tree oil for histamine-induced skin inflammation was classified as Level 3 evidence and was limited by animal model and small sample size.
“According to the Oxford evidence hierarchy, this study would be classified as Level 3, which includes well‐designed case‐control or cohort studies.”
From Cosmeceuticals in photoaging: A review. (2024) · cites this paper as [16]
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- Authors
- Koh, K. J., Pearce, A. L., Marshman, G., Finlay-Jones, J. J., & Hart, P. H.
- Affiliations
- Flinders Medical Centre (AU)
- Flinders University (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Hart, P.H.
- Venue
- British Journal of Dermatology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2002-12
- Volume
- 147
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1212-1217
- ISSN
- 0007-0963 (ISSN-L)
- 1365-2133
- OpenAlex
- W2070662166
- Cited by
- 185
- References
- 13
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 8.48
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- British Journal of Dermatology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Essential Oils and Antimicrobial Activity
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Dermatology and Skin Diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Contact Dermatitis and Allergies
- Keywords
- tea tree oil, Melaleuca alternifolia, anti-inflammatory activity, topical application, skin thickness, essential oils
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal, Dermatitis, Atopic, Female, Histamine, Humans, Injections, Intradermal, Male, Phytotherapy, Middle Aged, Case-Control Studies, Tea Tree Oil
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