Cited by 930Family and Disability Support ResearchDown syndrome and intellectual disability researchChild and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 60 of the 60 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Pre‐school children with and without developmental delay: behaviour problems and parenting stress over time

Baker, B. L., McIntyre, L. L., Blacher, J., Crnic, K., Edelbrock, C., Low, C.·2003·Journal of Intellectual Disability Research

DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2788.2003.00484.x

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Background Children with intellectual disability are at heightened risk for behaviour problems and diagnosed mental disorder. Methods The present authors studied the early manifestation and continuity of problem behaviours in 205 pre‐school children with and without developmental delays. Results Behaviour problems were quite stable over the year from age 36–48 months. Children with developmental delays were rated higher on behaviour problems than their non‐delayed peers, and were three times as likely to score in the clinical range. Mothers and fathers showed high agreement in their rating of child problems, especially in the delayed group. Parenting stress was also higher in the delayed group, but was related to the extent of behaviour problems rather than to the child's developmental delay. Conclusions Over time, a transactional model fit the relationship between parenting stress and behaviour problems: high parenting stress contributed to a worsening in child behaviour problems over time, and high child behaviour problems contributed to a worsening in parenting stress. Findings for mothers and fathers were quite similar.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1046/j.1365-2788.2003.00484.x

Cites

60 of 60 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Child/adolescent behavioral and emotional problems: Implications of cross-informant correlations for situational specificity.
Achenbach, T. M., McConaughy, S. H., & Howell, C. T. (1987) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.101.2.213 · Cited by 5,436
Untitled work
(1983) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 4,251
Self-citation
Review of Child Development Research
Jaeger, D. (1976) · Physical Therapy · doi:10.1093/ptj/56.11.1307b · Cited by 2,141
Comorbidity in Child Psychopathology: Concepts, Issues and Research Strategies
Caron, C., & Rutter, M. (1991) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1991.tb00350.x · Cited by 1,051
Parenting stress index manual
Abidin, R. R. (1995) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 926
Depressed mothers as informants about their children: A critical review of the evidence for distortion.
Richters, J. E. (1992) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.112.3.485 · Cited by 779
PARENT-CHILD AGREEMENT ON CHILD PSYCHIATRIC SYMPTOMS ASSESSED VIA STRUCTURED INTERVIEW
EDELBROCK, C. S., Costello, A. J., Dulcan, M. K., Conover, N. C., & Kala, R. (1986) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1986.tb02329.x · Cited by 565
Self-citation
I. Introduction
Hauser‐Cram, P., Warfield, M. E., Shonkoff, J. P., & Krauss, M. W. (2001) · Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development · doi:10.1111/1540-5834.00151 · Cited by 454
Pre-school to School: a Behavioural Study
Sturge, J. C. (1983) · Archives of Disease in Childhood · doi:10.1136/adc.58.5.398-a · Cited by 453
16. Wald MS: Family Preservation: Are We Moving Too Fast. We Need More Data on the Impact of Interventions with Children. Public Welfare, 1988. 17. Achenbach TM, Edelbrock C: Manual for the Child Behavior Checklist. Burlington, VT:
Magura, S. (1990) · Cited by 448
Population prevalence of psychopathology in children and adolescents with intellectual disability: II epidemiological findings
Einfeld, S., & Tonge, B. J. (1996) · Journal of Intellectual Disability Research · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2788.1996.768768.x · Cited by 446
The impact of young children with externalizing behaviors on their families
Donenberg, G. R., & Baker, B. L. (1993) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/bf00911315 · Cited by 404
Self-citation
Adaptation of families with mentally retarded children: a model of stress, coping, and family ecology.
Crnic, K. A., Friedrich, W. N., & Greenberg, M. T. (1983) · PubMed · Cited by 398
Self-citation
Untitled work
(1983) · PubMed · Cited by 377
Self-citation
Psychiatric Disorders With Onset in the Preschool Years: I. Stability of Diagnoses
Lavigne, J. V., Arend, R. A., Rosenbaum, D. L., Binns, H. J., Christoffel, K. K., & Gibbons, R. D. (1998) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199812000-00007 · Cited by 327
Handbook of Mental Retardation and Development
Kugel, R. B. (1999) · Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics · doi:10.1097/00004703-199906000-00014 · Cited by 320
Families, Risk, and Competence
Dolgin, K. G., Lewis, M., & Feiring, C. (1999) · Journal of Marriage and the Family · doi:10.2307/354033 · Cited by 307
Family and Social Influences on the Development of Child Competence
Samerojf, A. J., Bartko, W. T., Baldwin, A. L., Baldwin, C., & Seifer, R. (2014) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315805863-15 · Cited by 297
GENETICS AND MENTAL RETARDATION SYNDROMES: A NEW LOOK AT BEHAVIOR AND INTERVENTIONS
Dykens, E. M. (2000) · DigitalGeorgetown (Georgetown University Library) · Cited by 271
Cognitive Coping, Families, and Disability
Turnbull, A. P. (1993) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 267
Preschool Behavior Problems: Stability and Factors Accounting for Change
Egeland, B. R., Kalkoske, M., Gottesman, N., & Erickson, M. F. (1990) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1990.tb00832.x · Cited by 264
Prevalence of psychiatric diagnoses in children with mental retardation: data from a population-based study
Strømme, P., & Diseth, T. H. (2000) · Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology · doi:10.1017/s0012162200000451 · Cited by 214
Hard-to-manage preschool boys: Externalizing behavior, social competence, and family context at two-year followup
Campbell, S. B. G. (1994) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/bf02167897 · Cited by 209
Hard-to-Manage Preschool Boys: Symptomatic Behavior across Contexts and Time
Campbell, S. B. G., Pierce, E. W., March, C. L., Ewing, L. J., & Szumowski, E. K. (1994) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1994.tb00787.x · Cited by 177
Families with disabled children: Stress and social networks in three samples
Kazak, A. E. (1987) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/bf00916471 · Cited by 163
Daytime behaviour problems and maternal stress in children with Down's syndrome, their siblings, and non‐intellectually disabled and other intellectually disabled peers
Stores, R., Stores, G., FELLOWS, B. J., & Buckley, S. (1998) · Journal of Intellectual Disability Research · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2788.1998.00123.x · Cited by 162
Psychiatric and Behavioural Disorders in Developmental Disabilities and Mental Retardation
Hassiotis, A. (2000) · Journal of Intellectual Disability Research · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2788.2000.0265b.x · Cited by 161
Stress in families of young children with down syndrome, williams syndrome, and smith-magenis syndrome
Fidler, D. J., Hodapp, R. M., & Dykens, E. M. (2000) · Early Education & Development · doi:10.1207/s15566935eed1104_2 · Cited by 156
Psychiatric symptoms in children with intellectual disability
Linna, S., Moilanen, I., Ebeling, H. E., Piha, J., Kumpulainen, K., Tamminen, T., & Almqvist, F. (1999) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/pl00010704 · Cited by 135
Behavioural and emotional problems in children with intellectual disability attending special schools in Cape Town, South Africa
Molteno, G., Molteno, C. D., Finchilescu, G., & Dawes, A. (2001) · Journal of Intellectual Disability Research · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2788.2001.00368.x · Cited by 132
Predicting the persistence of severe self-injurious behavior
Emerson, E., Kiernan, C., Alborz, A., Reeves, D., Mason, H., Swarbrick, R., Mason, L., & Hatton, C. (2001) · Research in Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1016/s0891-4222(00)00062-7 · Cited by 128
Strengthening Behavioral Research on Genetic Mental Retardation Syndromes
Hodapp, R. M., & Dykens, E. M. (2001) · American Journal on Mental Retardation · doi:10.1352/0895-8017(2001)106 · Cited by 121
Self-citation
Externalizing behavior and cognitive functioning from preschool to first grade: Stability and predictors
Heller, T. L., Baker, B. L., Henker, B. A., & Hinshaw, S. P. (1996) · Journal of Clinical Child Psychology · doi:10.1207/s15374424jccp2504_3 · Cited by 116
Self-citation
Preschool children with externalizing behaviors: Experience of fathers and mothers
Baker, B. L., & Heller, T. L. (1996) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/bf01441572 · Cited by 115
Self-citation
Stress and coping in families of children with Smith‐Magenis syndrome
Hodapp, R. M., Fidler, D. J., & Smith, A. C. M. (1998) · Journal of Intellectual Disability Research · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2788.1998.00148.x · Cited by 113
Hard-to-Manage Preschool Boys: Symptomatic Behavior across Contexts and Time
Campbell, S. B. G., Pierce, E. W., March, C. L., Ewing, L. J., & Szumowski, E. K. (1994) · Child Development · doi:10.2307/1131422 · Cited by 107
Social skills and their correlates: preschoolers with developmental delays.
Kopp, C. B., Baker, B. L., & Brown, K. W. (1992) · PubMed · Cited by 104
Self-citation
Interparental agreement on child behavior problems.
Christensen, A., Margolin, G., & Sullaway, M. E. (1992) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/1040-3590.4.4.419 · Cited by 102
Parents' Judgements About Young Children's Problems: Why Mothers and Fathers Might Disagree Yet Still Predict Later Outcomes
Hay, D. F., Pawlby, S. J., Sharp, D., Schmücker, G., Mills, A., Allen, H., & Kumar, R. (1999) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/1469-7610.00541 · Cited by 90
Parenting Children with Mental Retardation
Baker, B. L., Blacher, J., Kopp, C. B., & Kraemer, B. (1997) · International review of research in mental retardation · doi:10.1016/s0074-7750(08)60174-3 · Cited by 87
Self-citation
Identification of early self‐injurious behaviour in young children with intellectual disability
Murphy, G. H., Hall, S. S., Oliver, C., & Kissi‐Debra, R. (1999) · Journal of Intellectual Disability Research · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2788.1999.00183.x · Cited by 85
Lag sequential analysis: Robust statistical methods.
Faraone, S. V., & Dorfman, D. D. (1987) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.101.2.312 · Cited by 82
Social-emotional behavior of preschool-age children with and without developmental delays
Merrell, K. W., & Holland, M. L. (1997) · Research in Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1016/s0891-4222(97)00018-8 · Cited by 72
Fathers and Developmental Psychopathology.
Greif, G. L. (1997) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/00005053-199708000-00017 · Cited by 71
Age-related changes in stress experienced by families with a child who has developmental delays.
Orr, R. R., Cameron, S. J., Dobson, L. A., & Day, D. M. (1993) · PubMed · Cited by 71
In the Eye of the Beholder? Parental Ratings of Externalizing and Internalizing Symptoms
Rowe, D., & Kandel, D. B. (1997) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1023/a:1025756201689 · Cited by 70
Multiple raters of disruptive child behavior: Using a genetic strategy to examine shared views and bias
Simonoff, E. A., Pickles, A. R., Hewitt, J. K., Silberg, J. L., Rutter, M. L., Loeber, R., Meyer, J. M., Neale, M. C., & Eaves, L. J. (1995) · Behavior Genetics · doi:10.1007/bf02197280 · Cited by 65
Norms for Parental Ratings on Conners' Abbreviated Parent-Teacher Questionnaire: Implications for the Design of Behavioral Rating Inventories and Analyses of Data Derived from Them
Rowe, K. S., & Rowe, K. (1997) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1023/a:1022678013979 · Cited by 60
Multirater congruence on the social skills rating system: mother, father, and teacher assessments of urban head start children’s social competencies
Fagan, J. S., & Fantuzzo, J. W. (1999) · Early Childhood Research Quarterly · doi:10.1016/s0885-2006(99)00010-1 · Cited by 56
Periodic stresses of families of older mentally retarded children: an exploratory study.
Wikler, L. (1986) · PubMed · Cited by 55
Prevention and treatment of severe behavior problems : models and methods in developmental disabilities
Singh, N. N. (1996) · Cited by 53
Transactional Relationships Between Perceived Family Style, Risk Status, and Mother-Child Interactions in Two-Year-Olds
Crnic, K. A., & Greenberg, M. T. (1987) · Journal of Pediatric Psychology · doi:10.1093/jpepsy/12.3.343 · Cited by 48
Self-citation
When there's no place like home : options for children living apart from their natural families
Blacher, J. (1994) · Cited by 37
Self-citation
Time Spent with Child and Parental Agreement about Preschool Children's Behavior
Fitzgerald, H. E., Maguin, E., Zucker, R. A., & Reider, E. E. (1994) · Perceptual and Motor Skills · doi:10.2466/pms.1994.79.1.336 · Cited by 33
Psychopathology in Persons With Mental Retardation Psychopathology in Persons With Mental RetardationNezuChristine M., PhD, NezuArthur M., PhD, and Gill-WeissMary Jane, PhD (1992). Research Press, 2612 North Mattis Avenue, Champaign, IL. 336 pages, $21.95.
Behn, T. (1994) · American Journal of Occupational Therapy · doi:10.5014/ajot.48.2.180a · Cited by 31
The Long‐term Effects of Behavioural Residential Special Education on Children with Severely Challenging Behaviours: Changes in Behaviour and Skills
Emerson, E., Robertson, J., Fowler, S., Letchford, S., & Jones, M. (1996) · Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities · doi:10.1111/j.1468-3148.1996.tb00113.x · Cited by 27
Behavior disorders and mental retardation: The family system perspective
Margalit, M., Shulman, S., & Stuchiner, N. (1989) · Research in Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1016/0891-4222(89)90019-x · Cited by 26
Untitled work
(2000)
Untitled work
(2002) · doi:10.1352/0895-8017(2002)107
Self-citation
Untitled work
(2002) · doi:10.1352/0047-6765(2002)040
Self-citation

Research works printed but not linked: 7

Achenbach T. M., 1991, Manual for the Child Behavior Checklist
Achenbach T. M., 2000, Manual for the Child Behavior Checklist 1½−5
Bayley N., 1993, Bayley Scales of Infant Development: Manual
Cameron S. J., 1991, Stress in parents of developmentally delayed and non‐delayed preschool children, Canada's Mental Health, 39, 13
Edelbrock C., 1986, Parent‐child agreement on child psychiatric symptoms, Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 27, 181, 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1986.tb02282.x · DOI
Nezu C. M., 1992, Psychopathology in Persons with Mental Retardation
10.1111/j.1469-8749.2000.tb00083.x · DOI

Sorted by citations

Parenting Stress in Mothers and Fathers of Toddlers with Autism Spectrum Disorders: Associations with Child Characteristics
Davis, N. O., & Carter, A. S. (2008) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-007-0512-z · Cited by 1,212
The impact of behaviour problems on caregiver stress in young people with autism spectrum disorders
Lecavalier, L., Leone, S., & Wiltz, J. (2006) · Journal of Intellectual Disability Research · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2788.2005.00732.x · Cited by 1,163
Parent and family impact of autism spectrum disorders: a review and proposed model for intervention evaluation
Karst, J. S., & Van Hecke, A. V. (2012) · Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10567-012-0119-6 · Cited by 977
Parenting stress and child behavior problems: a transactional relationship across time
Neece, C. L., Green, S. A., & Baker, B. L. (2012) · American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1352/1944-7558-117.1.48 · Cited by 953
“…develop, they acquire cognitive- and emotion-regulation skills that enable them to inhibit inappropriate behaviors, leading to a decrease in behavior problems (Baker et al., 2002, 2003; Eisenberg et al., 2001; Hill, Degnan, Calkins, & Keane, 2006; Olson, Sameroff, Lunkenheimer, & Kerr, 2009).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialSelf-citation
Parenting stress and coping styles in mothers and fathers of pre-school children with autism and Down syndrome
Dabrowska, A., & Pisula, E. (2010) · Journal of Intellectual Disability Research · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2788.2010.01258.x · Cited by 900

See all 930

Authors: Baker, B. L., McIntyre, L. L., Blacher, J., Crnic, K., Edelbrock, C., & Low, C.
Affiliations: University of California, Los Angeles (US)
University of California, Riverside (US)
Pennsylvania State University (US)
Corresponding author: Baker, B. L.
ORCID: Baker, B. L.
McIntyre, L. L.
Crnic, K.
Venue: Journal of Intellectual Disability Research
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2003-05
Volume: 47
Issue: 4-5
Pages: 217-230
ISSN: 0964-2633 (ISSN-L)
1365-2788
DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2788.2003.00484.x
OpenAlex: W2154865829
Cited by: 930
References: 60
Citations by year: 2026: 11 · 2025: 47 · 2024: 33 · 2023: 44 · 2022: 46 · 2021: 42 · 2020: 49 · 2019: 60 · 2018: 58 · 2017: 61 · 2016: 47 · 2015: 60 · 2014: 64 · 2013: 53 · 2012: 41
FWCI: 19.14
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor, 21 d)
Locations: Journal of Intellectual Disability Research (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
Funders: Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (HD34879-1459, R01HD034879)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Family and Disability Support Research
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Down syndrome and intellectual disability research
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
Keywords: developmental delay, intellectual disability, preschool children, behavioral problems, parental stress, longitudinal stability, transactional model, early intervention
MeSH terms: Adult, Child Behavior Disorders, Developmental Disabilities, Child, Preschool, Family, Female, Humans, Male, Parents, Surveys and Questionnaires, Stress, Psychological, Parenting

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Pre‐school children with and without developmental delay: behaviour problems and parenting stress over time

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks