The DOI matches its Crossref record; 220 of the 220 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Prenatal Stress, Glucocorticoids and the Programming of the Brain
Abstract
Abstract A large body of human epidemiological data, as well as experimental studies, suggest that environmental factors operating early in life potently affect developing systems, permanently altering structure and function throughout life. This process with its persistent organizational effects has been called ‘programming’. The brain is a key target for such effects. This review focuses on the effects of adverse early environments, notably exposure to stress or glucocorticoids, upon subsequent adult hypothalamus‐pituitary‐adrenal axis activity, behaviour and cognition. We discuss the effects observed, the proposed underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms and the consequences for pathophysiology. The data suggest that key targets for programming include glucocorticoid receptor gene expression and the corticotrophin‐releasing hormone system. Increasing evidence for analogous processes in humans is also reviewed. Early life programming of neuroendocrine systems and behaviour by stress and exogenous or endogenous glucocorticoids appears to be a fundamental process underpinning common disorders. Approaches to minimize or reverse the consequences of such early life events may have therapeutic importance.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“while in rats, prenatal stress decreases the propensity to play in juvenile offspring and impairs sociality and extinction of conditioned fear lasting into adulthood (Welberg and Seckl, 2001;Motlagh et al., 2010;Green et al., 2011).”
From Glutamate receptors in domestication and modern human evolution (2020) · cites this paper as Welberg and Seckl, 2001
Citations
Cites
Sapolsky, R. M., Romero, L. M., & Munck, A. U. (2000) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/edrv.21.1.0389 · Cited by 7,541
Sapolsky, R. M. (2000) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.21.1.55 · Cited by 7,533
Place navigation impaired in rats with hippocampal lesions
Morris, R. G. M., Garrud, P., Rawlins, J. N. P., & O'Keefe, J. (1982) · Nature · doi:10.1038/297681a0 · Cited by 6,340
Fetal origins of coronary heart disease
Barker, D. J. P. (1995) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.311.6998.171 · Cited by 3,570
Liu, D., Diorio, J., Tannenbaum, B., Caldji, C., Francis, D., Freedman, A., Sharma, S., Pearson, D., Plotsky, P. M., & Meaney, M. J. (1997) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.277.5332.1659 · Cited by 3,170
Fetal and infant growth and impaired glucose tolerance at age 64
Hales, C. N., Barker, D. J., Clark, P. M., Cox, L. J., Fall, C., Osmond, C., & Winter, P. D. (1991) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.303.6809.1019 · Cited by 2,708
The role of the amygdala in fear and anxiety
Davis, M. (1992) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.ne.15.030192.002033 · Cited by 2,357
The Neuroendocrinology of Stress and Aging: The Glucocorticoid Cascade Hypothesis
Sapolsky, R. M., Krey, L. C., & McEwen, B. S. (1986) · Science of Aging Knowledge Environment · doi:10.1126/sageke.2002.38.cp21 · Cited by 2,343
Neurocircuitry of stress: central control of the hypothalamo–pituitary–adrenocortical axis
Herman, J. P., & Cullinan, W. E. (1997) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/s0166-2236(96)10069-2 · Cited by 2,270
Disruption of the glucocorticoid receptor gene in the nervous system results in reduced anxiety
Tronche, F., Kellendonk, C., Kretz, O., Gass, P., Anlag, K., Orban, P. C., Bock, R., Klein, R., & Schütz, G. (1999) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/12703 · Cited by 1,841
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 14
- 10.1016/s0306-4530(97)00020-6 · DOI
- 10.1210/edrv-7-3-284 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1210/me.14.4.506 · DOI
- 10.1210/en.137.2.794 · DOI
- 10.1210/en.132.6.2614 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1210/en.131.2.970 · DOI
- 10.1046/j.1460-9568.2000.00958.x · DOI
- 10.1210/en.133.5.2344 · DOI
- 10.1210/en.130.3.1424 · DOI
- 10.1210/en.132.5.2083 · DOI
- 10.1002/(sici)1098-2302(200001)36:1<67::aid-dev7>3.3.co;2-3 · DOI
- 10.1210/jc.83.11.3872 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1210/jc.83.3.757 · DOI
- Reynolds RM, 1998, Hyper‐activation of the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal axis may mediate the link between impaired fetal growth and the insulin resistance syndrome, J Endocrinol, 159, OC5
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Relationship between stress, eating behavior, and obesity
Torres, S. J., & Nowson, C. A. (2007) · Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.nut.2007.08.008 · Cited by 1,622
The neurobiological consequences of early stress and childhood maltreatment
Teicher, M. H., Andersen, S. L., Polcari, A., Anderson, C. M., Navalta, C. P., & Kim, D. M. (2003) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/s0149-7634(03)00007-1 · Cited by 1,465
Oberlander, T. F., Weinberg, J., Papsdorf, M., Grunau, R., Misri, S., & Devlin, A. M. (2008) · Epigenetics · doi:10.4161/epi.3.2.6034 · Cited by 1,432
Glucocorticoids, prenatal stress and the programming of disease
Harris, A., & Seckl, J. (2011) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2010.06.007 · Cited by 871
Self-citationPrenatal glucocorticoids and long-term programming
Seckl (2004) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/eje.0.151u049 · Cited by 825
Metadata
- Authors
- Welberg, L. A. M., & Seckl, J. R.
- Affiliations
- Western General Hospital (GB)
- Venue
- Journal of Neuroendocrinology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2001-02
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 113-128
- ISSN
- 0953-8194 (ISSN-L)
- 1365-2826
- OpenAlex
- W1570408419
- Cited by
- 928
- References
- 220
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 26 · 2019: 31 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 35 · 2016: 44 · 2015: 46 · 2014: 50 · 2013: 61 · 2012: 42
- FWCI
- 14.75
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Neuroendocrinology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust
- British Heart Foundation
- European Commission
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Birth, Development, and Health
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
- Keywords
- prenatal stress, glucocorticoids, developmental programming, brain development, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, glucocorticoid receptor, corticotropin-releasing factor, neuroendocrine system, behavior, cognition, childhood adversity, neuroendocrine disorders
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Behavior, Brain, Fetal Diseases, Glucocorticoids, Humans, Stress, Physiological
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
