The phase-space structure of cold dark matter haloes: insights into the Galactic halo
Open accessAbstract
We study the formation of the halo of the Milky Way in a Λ-cold dark matter (ΛCDM) cosmology by scaling down a high-resolution simulation of the formation of a cluster of galaxies. We determine how much phase-space substructure is left over from the objects that merge to build up the present galaxy. We study the debris streams originating from such objects and find that their evolution can be explained simply in terms of the conservation of phase-space density. Analysing the mass growth history of our halo we find that its inner regions have been in place for more than 10 Gyr, but that the growth of the halo as a whole is more gradual, in agreement with other high-resolution simulations of dark matter haloes. Recent accretion contributes to the inner 10 kpc of the halo only at the 10−4 level. Finally, we determine the number of dark matter streams as a function of distance from the centre of the halo. In the equivalent of the ‘solar vicinity’, we find that the dark matter is smoothly distributed in space, and that the velocity ellipsoid is formed by hundreds of thousands of streams, most of which have velocity dispersions of the order of 1 km s−1 or less.
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If the whole stellar halo had been built via mergers, approximately 500 streams would be expected in the halo near the Sun, independently of whether 10 or 100 galaxies had been accreted.
“Helmi & White (1999) estimated analytically (this was later confirmed using cosmological simulations by Helmi et al. 2003, Gómez et al. 2013) that if the whole stellar halo had been built via mergers, approximately 500 streams would be expected in the halo near the Sun (independently of whether 10 or 100 galaxies had been accreted).”
From Streams, Substructures, and the Early History of the Milky Way (2020) · cites this paper as Helmi et al. 2003
The Introduction estimates 300–500 merger- and accretion-origin structures near the Sun. The Discussion says the simulations show reasonable agreement with earlier work and that its stellar-stream estimates “may indeed apply”; it does not establish the estimate independently of whether 10 or 100 galaxies were accreted, or confirm 500 stellar streams outright. No page numbers are available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.85)
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Cites
The Structure of Cold Dark Matter Halos
Navarro, J. F., Frenk, C. S., & White, S. D. M. (1996) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/177173 · Cited by 8,544 · see citing works
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Research works printed but not linked: 5
- Binney J., Tremaine S., 1987, Galactic Dynamics. Princeton Univ. Press, Princeton
- Goldstein H., 1953, Classical Mechanics. Addison-Wesley, Cambridge
- Mateo M., 1997, ASP Conf. Ser. Vol. 116, 2nd Stromlo Symp, The Nature of Elliptical Galaxies. Astron. Soc. Pac., San Francisco, p. 259
- White S.D.M., Springel V., 2000, in Weiss A., Abel T., Hill V., eds, Proc. MPA/ESO Workshop, The First Stars. Springer, Berlin, p. 327
- Zhao D., Mo H., Jing Y.P., Boerner G., 2002, MNRAS, in press (astro-ph/0204108) · arXiv
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The merger that led to the formation of the Milky Way’s inner stellar halo and thick disk
Helmi, A., Babusiaux, C., Koppelman, H. H., Massari, D., Veljanoski, J., & Brown, A. G. A. (2018) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0625-x · Cited by 1,235 · see citing works
Self-citationJohnston, K. V., Bullock, J. S., Sharma, S., Font, A., Robertson, B. E., & Leitner, S. N. (2008) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/592228 · Cited by 416 · see citing works
Streams, Substructures, and the Early History of the Milky Way
Helmi, A. (2020) · Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1146/annurev-astro-032620-021917 · Cited by 407 · see citing works
Self-citationTHE DUAL ORIGIN OF STELLAR HALOS
Zolotov, A., Willman, B., Brooks, A. M., Governato, F., Brook, C. B., Hogg, D. W., Quinn, T., & Stinson, G. (2009) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/702/2/1058 · Cited by 342 · see citing works
Tumlinson, J. (2010) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/708/2/1398 · Cited by 223 · see citing works
Wang, J., Navarro, J. F., Frenk, C. S., White, S. D. M., Springel, V., Jenkins, A., Helmi, A., Ludlow, A., & Vogelsberger, M. (2011) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.18220.x · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Self-citationDisassembling the Galaxy with angle-action coordinates
McMillan, P. J., & Binney, J. J. (2008) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13767.x · Cited by 90 · see citing works
On the identification of substructure in phase space using orbital frequencies
Gómez, F. A., & Helmi, A. (2010) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.15841.x · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Self-citationStreams in the Aquarius stellar haloes
Gómez, F. A., Helmi, A., Cooper, A. P., Frenk, C. S., Navarro, J. F., & White, S. D. M. (2013) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stt1838 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Self-citation
- Authors
- Helmi, A., White, S. D. M., & Springel, V.
- Affiliations
- Max Planck Society (DE)
- Venue
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2003-03-01
- Volume
- 339
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 834-848
- ISSN
- 0035-8711 (ISSN-L)
- 1365-2966
- OpenAlex
- W2079575860
- Cited by
- 128
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 7.52
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (publishedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- CERN Document Server (European Organization for Nuclear Research) (submittedVersion)
- Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics (submittedVersion)
- Max Planck Digital Library (submittedVersion)
- MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Nuclear and High Energy Physics › Dark Matter and Cosmic Phenomena
- Keywords
- Milky Way dark matter halo, phase space density, halo formation, galaxy mergers, velocity ellipsoid, dark matter streams
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