The gastrointestinal ecosystem: a precarious alliance among epithelium, immunity and microbiota. Microreview

McCracken, Vance J.; Lorenz, Robin G.

doi:10.1046/j.1462-5822.2001.00090.x

Cited by 314Gut microbiota and healthGastrointestinal motility and disordersInflammatory Bowel Disease

The gastrointestinal ecosystem: a precarious alliance among epithelium, immunity and microbiota. Microreview

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McCracken, Vance J., Lorenz, Robin G.·2001·Cellular Microbiology

DOI 10.1046/j.1462-5822.2001.00090.x

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Abstract

The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is a complex ecosystem generated by the alliance of GI epithelium, immune cells and resident microbiota. The three components of the GI ecosystem have co-evolved such that each relies on the presence of the other two components to achieve its normal function and activity. Experimental systems such as cell culture, germ-free animal models and intestinal isografts have demonstrated that each member of the GI ecosystem can follow a predetermined developmental pathway, even if isolated from the other components of the ecosystem. However, the presence of all three components is required for full physiological function. Genetic or functional alterations of any one component of this ecosystem can result in a broken alliance and subsequent GI pathology. A more detailed understanding of the interactions among microbiota, GI epithelium and the immune system should provide insight into multiple human disease states.

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Gut microbiota distribution and composition vary along the length of the GI tract and across the lumen, mucus layer, and epithelium.
“The distribution and composition of the gut microbiota changes along the length of the GI tract (Figure 2) and across the lumen, mucus layer, and the epithelium42, 43.”
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Authors: McCracken, V. J., & Lorenz, R. G.
Affiliations: Washington University in St. Louis (US)
ORCID: McCracken, Vance J.
Lorenz, Robin G.
Venue: Cellular Microbiology
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Published: 2001-01
Volume: 3
Issue: 1
Pages: 1-11
ISSN: 1462-5814 (ISSN-L)
1462-5822
DOI: 10.1046/j.1462-5822.2001.00090.x
OpenAlex: W1789825216
Cited by: 314
References: 96
Citations by year: 2026: 2 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 22 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 18
FWCI: 4.62
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: doi.wiley.com/10.1002/tdm_license_1.1 (tdm, 5356 d)
Locations: Cellular Microbiology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Keywords: intestinal epithelium, gut microbiota, intestinal immunity, host-microbe interactions, germ-free animals, intestinal development, intestinal pathology, coevolution
MeSH terms: Animals, Digestive System, Digestive System Physiological Phenomena, Disease Models, Animal, Epithelium, Genetic Techniques, Germ-Free Life, Humans, Immune System, Intestinal Mucosa, Transplantation, Isogeneic, Ecosystem

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