The DOI matches its Crossref record; 145 of the 145 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus, cognitive impairment and dementia
Abstract
Summary: Aims We set out to examine the evidence for an association between cognitive impairment or dementia and the presence of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). We also sought evidence of potential mechanisms for such an association. Methods A literature search of three databases was performed and the reference lists of the papers so identified were examined, using English language papers only. Results We found evidence of cross‐sectional and prospective associations between Type 2 DM and cognitive impairment, probably both for memory and executive function. There is also evidence for an elevated risk of both vascular dementia and Alzheimer’s disease in Type 2 DM albeit with strong interaction of other factors such as hypertension, dyslipidaemia and apolipoprotein E phenotype. Both vascular and non‐vascular factors are likely to play a role in dementia in diabetes. Conclusions Current classification structures for dementia may not be adequate in diabetes, where mixed pathogenesis is likely. Further research into the mechanisms of cognitive impairment in Type 2 DM may allow us to challenge the concept of dementia, at least in these patients, as an irremediable disease. Diabet. Med. 16, 93–112 (1999)
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In the citing paper
“There is a growing literature indicating that individuals with diabetes have impairments in recent memory (3–6).”
From Reduced glucose tolerance is associated with poor memory performance and hippocampal atrophy among normal elderly (2003) · cites this paper as [4]
In the citing paper
“However, many of these studies were cross-sectional and were thus unable to provide estimates of diabetes as a risk factor for future cognitive dysfunction.”
From Cognitive decline and dementia in diabetes—systematic overview of prospective observational studies (2005) · cites this paper as [6]
In the citing paper
“Recent evidence from several epidemiological studies suggests that it is also a risk factor for cognitive dysfunction [3 -6].”
From Cognitive decline and dementia in diabetes—systematic overview of prospective observational studies (2005) · cites this paper as [6]
In the citing paper
“Indeed, only one [7] of the review articles that summarised the available data pertaining to this relationship [4, 6 -11] provided a quantitative estimate.”
From Cognitive decline and dementia in diabetes—systematic overview of prospective observational studies (2005) · cites this paper as [6]
In the citing paper
“These findings are supported by previous reviews of the available longitudinal studies [3, 4, 6].”
From Cognitive decline and dementia in diabetes—systematic overview of prospective observational studies (2005) · cites this paper as [6]
Citations
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Risk of dementia in diabetes mellitus: a systematic review
Biessels, G. J., Staekenborg, S., Brunner, E., Brayne, C., & Scheltens, P. (2006) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(05)70284-2 · Cited by 2,187
Brain insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes and Alzheimer disease: concepts and conundrums
Arnold, S. E., Arvanitakis, Z., Macauley-Rambach, S. L., Koenig, A. M., Wang, H.-Y., Ahima, R. S., Craft, S., Gandy, S., Buettner, C., Stoeckel, L. E., et al. (2018) · Nature Reviews Neurology · doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2017.185 · Cited by 1,597
Kirkman, M. S., Briscoe, V. J., Clark, N., Florez, H., Haas, L. B., Halter, J. B., Huang, E. S., Korytkowski, M. T., Munshi, M. N., Odegard, P. S., et al. (2012) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc12-1801 · Cited by 1,274
Midlife cardiovascular risk factors and risk of dementia in late life
Whitmer, R. A., Sidney, S., Selby, J., Johnston, S. C., & Yaffe, K. (2005) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000149519.47454.f2 · Cited by 1,238
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Metadata
- Authors
- Stewart, R., & Liolitsa, D.
- Corresponding author
- Stewart, R.
- ORCID
- Stewart, R.
- Venue
- Diabetic Medicine
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1999-02
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 93-112
- ISSN
- 0742-3071 (ISSN-L)
- 1464-5491
- OpenAlex
- W2078868323
- Cited by
- 562
- References
- 145
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 33 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 21 · 2012: 35
- FWCI
- 9.03
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Diabetic Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neurological Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
- Keywords
- type 2 diabetes, cognitive impairment, dementia, vascular dementia, Alzheimer's disease, memory, executive function, hypertension, dyslipidemia, apolipoprotein E, dementia classification
- MeSH terms
- Cognition Disorders, Cross-Sectional Studies, Dementia, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Humans, Population Surveillance, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Case-Control Studies
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