Cited by 217Stress Responses and CortisolNeuroscience and Neuropharmacology ResearchMemory and Neural Mechanisms

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Effect of Acute Stress on Hippocampal Glutamate Levels and Spectrin Proteolysis in Young and Aged Rats

Lowy, Martin T., Wittenberg, Lee, Yamamoto, Bryan K.·1995·Journal of Neurochemistry

DOI 10.1046/j.1471-4159.1995.65010268.x

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Abstract

Abstract: Aging in rats is associated with a loss of hippocampal neurons, which may contribute to age‐related cognitive deficits. Several lines of evidence suggest that stress and glucocorticoids may contribute to age‐related declines in hippocampal neuronal number. Excitatory amino acids (EAAs) have been implicated in the glucocorticoid endangerment and stress‐induced morphological changes of hippocampal neurons of young rats. Previously, we have reported that acute immobilization stress can increase extracellular concentrations of the endogenous excitatory amino acid, glutamate, in the hippocampus. The present study examined the effect of an acute bout of immobilization stress on glutamate levels in the hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex of young (3–4‐month) and aged (22–24‐month) Fischer 344 rats. In addition, the effect of stress on spectrin proteolysis in these two brain regions was also examined. Spectrin is a cytoskeleton protein that contributes to neuronal integrity and proteolysis of this protein has been proposed as an important component of EAA‐induced neuronal death. There was no difference in basal glutamate levels between young and old rats in the hippocampus or medial prefrontal cortex. During the period of restraint stress a modest increase in glutamate levels in the hippocampus of young and aged rats was observed. After the termination of the stress procedure, hippocampal glutamate concentrations continued to rise in the aged rats, reaching a level approximately five times higher than the young rats, and remained elevated for at least 2 h after the termination of the stress. A similar pattern was also observed in the medial prefrontal cortex with an augmented post‐stress‐induced glutamate response observed in the aged rats. There was no increase in spectrin proteolysis in the hippocampus or medial prefrontal cortex of young or aged rats after stress or under basal nonstress conditions. The enhanced poststress glutamate response in the aged rats may contribute to the increased sensitivity of aged rats to neurotoxic insults.

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“Evidence from the literature suggests that different types of stress, including restraint and ether exposure, or increased glucocorticoid concentrations, may increase extracellular glutamate levels in the hippocampus, and this effect occurs in parallel with a rise in corticosterone in this brain structure (16,27,37,38…”
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“administration of CORT can enhance the release of glutamate from the hippocampus (Bagley and Moghaddam, 1997; Lowy et al., 1995; Skorzewska et al., 2007; Venero and Borrell, 1999).”
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“When that does not happen, however, there is allostatic load and the brain is at increased risk for damage.(115,116) The processes of allostasis and allostatic load have been described and measured for metabolic and cardiovascular changes that are associated with obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease.”
Background

Authors: Lowy, M. T., Wittenberg, L., & Yamamoto, B. K.
Affiliations: Case Western Reserve University (US)
Corresponding author: Lowy, Martin T.
ORCID: Yamamoto, Bryan K.
Venue: Journal of Neurochemistry
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 1995-07
Volume: 65
Issue: 1
Pages: 268-274
ISSN: 0022-3042 (ISSN-L)
1471-4159
DOI: 10.1046/j.1471-4159.1995.65010268.x
OpenAlex: W2119257185
Cited by: 217
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 3 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 9
FWCI: 2.64
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor, 2702 d)
Locations: Journal of Neurochemistry (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institute on Drug Abuse (DA-07606, R01DA007606)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
Keywords: acute stress, restraint stress, hippocampus, glutamate, aging, age-related cognitive decline, excitatory amino acids, neuronal cell death, medial prefrontal cortex, glucocorticoids, F344 rats
MeSH terms: Aging, Animals, Extracellular Space, Hippocampus, Male, Peptide Hydrolases, Rats, Inbred F344, Spectrin, Stress, Physiological, Prefrontal Cortex, Glutamic Acid, Rats

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Effect of Acute Stress on Hippocampal Glutamate Levels and Spectrin Proteolysis in Young and Aged Rats

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