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Cited by 8Neuroscience and Neural EngineeringSpinal Cord Injury ResearchPain Management and Treatment

Functional and Biological Test of a 20 Channel Implantable Stimulator in Sheep in View of Functional Electrical Stimulation Walking for Spinal Cord Injured Persons

Bijak, Manfred, Mayr, Winfried, Girsch, Werner, Lanmüller, Hermann, Unger, Ewald, Stöhr, Hans, Thoma, Herwig, Plenk, Hanns·2001·Artificial Organs
DOI 10.1046/j.1525-1594.2001.025006467.x
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Abstract

Abstract: A newly developed implantable stimulator with 20 output channels, mainly intended for the stimulation of lower extremities in paraplegics, was implanted in 6 sheep over a time period of 26 weeks. Five epineural electrodes each were used to contact various nerves at different locations to elicit hip and knee extension and flexion and to make carrousel and selective stimulation possible. Different electrode application strategies in view of paraplegic standing and walking were investigated. Additional implanted electrodes allowed M‐wave monitoring for selectivity investigations in 3 sheep. Stimulator, electrode leads, and electrodes proved to be reliable. Selective stimulation with electrodes placed on the trunk of the sciatic nerve could be demonstrated but with bad reproducibility. Histological investigation of the tissues surrounding electrodes and leads showed the expected stable foreign body response. Strong hip and knee extension could be gained in all cases while only weak flexion forces could be elicited in most cases. Muscle biopsies showed that daily stimulation for 8 h at threshold level caused an increase in muscle Type I fibers and a decrease in Type IIc fibers. Implants and electrodes fulfill the most important functional and biological criteria for their clinical application for paraplegic walking. The intention to provide selective flexion functions via epineural stimulation could not be demonstrated sufficiently in this animal model.

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  • In a 26-week animal study with 6 sheep, epineural electrodes increased type I muscle fiber distribution compared to the contralateral side, with no change in type II fiber distribution.

    “Muscle biopsies at the end showed increased type I muscle fiber distribution compared to the contralateral side, with no change in type II fiber distribution [46].”

    From Interfaces with the peripheral nervous system for the control of a neuroprosthetic limb: a review (2020) · cites this paper as [46]

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Authors
Bijak, M., Mayr, W., Girsch, W., Lanmüller, H., Unger, E., Stöhr, H., Thoma, H., & Plenk, H.
Affiliations
University of Vienna (AT)
Corresponding author
Bijak, Manfred
ORCID
Venue
Artificial Organs
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2001-06
Volume
25
Issue
6
Pages
467-474
ISSN
  • 0160-564X (ISSN-L)
  • 1525-1594
DOI
10.1046/j.1525-1594.2001.025006467.x
OpenAlex
W2006496847
Cited by
8
References
32
Citations by year
2020: 1 · 2019: 1 · 2017: 1 · 2014: 1
FWCI
0.37
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor, 202 d)
Locations
  • Artificial Organs (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neural Engineering
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Spinal Cord Injury Research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine › Pain Management and Treatment
Keywords
implantable neural stimulator, functional electrical stimulation, spinal cord injury, paraplegia, sciatic nerve, selective stimulation, foreign body reaction, muscle biopsy, gait assistance, sheep model
MeSH terms
Animals, Electrodes, Electric Stimulation Therapy, Leg, Sheep, Spinal Cord Injuries, Muscle, Skeletal

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