Measurements of Forbush decreases at Mars: both by MSL on ground and by MAVEN in orbit
Open accessAbstract
The Radiation Assessment Detector (RAD), on board Mars Science Laboratory’s (MSL) Curiosity rover, has been measuring ground level particle fluxes along with the radiation dose rate at the surface of Mars since August 2012. Similar to neutron monitors at Earth, RAD sees many Forbush decreases (FDs) in the galactic cosmic ray (GCR) induced surface fluxes and dose rates. These FDs are associated with coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and/or stream/corotating interaction regions (SIRs/CIRs). Orbiting above the Martian atmosphere, the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) spacecraft has also been monitoring space weather conditions at Mars since September 2014. The penetrating particle flux channels in the solar energetic particle (SEP) instrument onboard MAVEN can also be employed to detect FDs. For the first time, we study the statistics and properties of a list of FDs observed in-situ at Mars, seen both on the surface by MSL/RAD and in orbit detected by the MAVEN/SEP instrument. Such a list of FDs can be used for studying interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICME) propagation and SIR evolution through the inner heliosphere. The magnitudes of different FDs can be well-fitted by a power-law distribution. The systematic difference between the magnitudes of the FDs within and outside the Martian atmosphere may be mostly attributed to the energy-dependent modulation of the GCR particles by both the pass-by ICMEs/SIRs and the Martian atmosphere.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Forbush decreases on Mars have been statistically studied using RAD dose-rate observations from 2014 to 2016.
“Guo et al. (2018b) have performed a statistical study of 121 FDs recorded in the RAD dose rate observations from 2014 until 2016”
From Radiation environment for future human exploration on the surface of Mars: the current understanding based on MSL/RAD dose measurements (2021) · cites this paper as Guo et al. (2018b)
The mean amplitude of Forbush decreases observed by RAD at Gale Crater is about 4-5%.
“and found the mean amplitude of FDs observed by RAD at Gale crater is about 4-5%”
From Radiation environment for future human exploration on the surface of Mars: the current understanding based on MSL/RAD dose measurements (2021) · cites this paper as Guo et al. (2018b)
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Part of this paper’s reference list could not be split into single entries.
Mars' surface radiation environment measured with the Mars Science Laboratory's Curiosity rover
Hassler, D. M., Zeitlin, C., Wimmer-Schweingruber, R. F., Ehresmann, B., Rafkin, S., Eigenbrode, J. L., Brinza, D. E., Weigle, G., Böttcher, S., Böhm, E., et al. (2014) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1244797 · Cited by 690 · cited 1× · see citing works
“…phase (Zeitlin et al. 2013; Posner et al. 2013; Guo et al. 2015a; Ehresmann et al. 2016) and later on the surface of Mars since the landing of MSL in August 2012 (Hassler et al. 2014; Ehresmann et al. 2014; Rafkin et al. 2014; Köhler et al. 2014; Wimmer-Schweingruber et al. 2015; Guo et al. 2015b).”
BackgroundSelf-citationMeasurements of energetic particle radiation in transit to Mars on the Mars Science Laboratory
Zeitlin, C., Hassler, D. M., Cucinotta, F. A., Ehresmann, B., Wimmer-Schweingruber, R. F., Brinza, D. E., Kang, S., Weigle, G., Böttcher, S., Böhm, E., et al. (2013) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1235989 · Cited by 641 · cited 1× · see citing works
“…carrying out radiation measurements of both particle types and fluxes together with dose and dose equivalent rates during its 11-month cruise phase (Zeitlin et al. 2013; Posner et al. 2013; Guo et al. 2015a; Ehresmann et al. 2016) and later on the surface of Mars since the landing of MSL in August…”
BackgroundSelf-citationForbush decreases in the cosmic radiation
Lockwood, J. (1971) · Space Science Reviews · doi:10.1007/bf00173346 · Cited by 370 · see citing works
The Radiation Assessment Detector (RAD) Investigation
Hassler, D. M., Zeitlin, C., Wimmer-Schweingruber, R. F., Böttcher, S., Martin, C., Andrews, J., Böhm, E., Brinza, D. E., Bullock, M. A., Burmeister, S., et al. (2012) · Space Science Reviews · doi:10.1007/s11214-012-9913-1 · Cited by 247 · see citing works
Self-citationMeasurements of the neutron spectrum on the Martian surface with MSL/RAD
Köhler, J., Zeitlin, C., Ehresmann, B., Wimmer‐Schweingruber, R. F., Hassler, D. M., Reitz, G., Brinza, D. E., Weigle, G., Appel, J., Böttcher, S., et al. (2014) · Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets · doi:10.1002/2013je004539 · Cited by 71 · cited 2× · see citing works
“…phase (Zeitlin et al. 2013; Posner et al. 2013; Guo et al. 2015a; Ehresmann et al. 2016) and later on the surface of Mars since the landing of MSL in August 2012 (Hassler et al. 2014; Ehresmann et al. 2014; Rafkin et al. 2014; Köhler et al. 2014; Wimmer-Schweingruber et al. 2015; Guo et al. 2015b).”
BackgroundSelf-citationRafkin, S. C. R., Zeitlin, C., Ehresmann, B., Hassler, D., Guo, J., Köhler, J., Wimmer‐Schweingruber, R., Gomez‐Elvira, J., Harri, A., Kahanpää, H., et al. (2014) · Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets · doi:10.1002/2013je004525 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Self-citationGuo, J., Zeitlin, C., Wimmer-Schweingruber, R. F., Rafkin, S., Hassler, D. M., Posner, A., Heber, B., Köhler, J., Ehresmann, B., Appel, J. K., et al. (2015) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/810/1/24 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Self-citationGuo, J., Zeitlin, C., Wimmer-Schweingruber, R. F., McDole, T., Kühl, P., Appel, J. C., Matthiä, D., Krauss, J., & Köhler, J. (2018) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aaa085 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Self-citationWimmer‐Schweingruber, R. F., Köhler, J., Hassler, D. M., Guo, J., Appel, J., Zeitlin, C., Böhm, E., Ehresmann, B., Lohf, H., Böttcher, S. I., et al. (2015) · Geophysical Research Letters · doi:10.1002/2015gl066664 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 48
- Barnden, L. 1973, in ICRC, 2, 1277 · DOI
- Belov, A. 2008, Proc. Int. Astron. Union, 4, 439 · DOI
- Belov, A., Abunin, A., Abunina, M., et al. 2014, Sol. Phys., 289, 3949 · DOI
- Belov, A., Abunin, A., Abunina, M., et al. 2015, Sol. Phys., 290, 1429 · DOI
- Bethe, H. A., & Ashkin, J. 1953, Experimental nuclear physics, 1, 309 · DOI
- Cane, H. V. 2000, Space Sci. Rev., 93, 55 · DOI
- Connerney, J., Espley, J., DiBraccio, G., et al. 2015a, Geophys. Res. Lett., 42, 8819 · DOI
- Connerney, J., Espley, J., Lawton, P., et al. 2015b, Space Sci. Rev., 195, 257 · DOI
- Dasso, S., Asorey, H., Collaboration, P. A., et al. 2012, Adv. Space Res., 49, 1563 · DOI
- Ehresmann, B., Zeitlin, C., Hassler, D. M., et al. 2014, J. Geophys. Res. Planets, 119, 468 · DOI
- Ehresmann, B., Hassler, D. M., Zeitlin, C., et al. 2016, Life Sci. Space Res., 10, 29 · DOI
- Forbush, S. 1938, Terr. Magn. Atm. Electr., 43, 203 · DOI
- Grotzinger, J. P., Crisp, J., Vasavada, A. R., et al. 2012, Space Sci. Rev., 170, 5 · DOI
- Guo, J., Zeitlin, C., Wimmer-Schweingruber, R. F., et al. 2015a, A&A, 577, A58 · DOI
- Guo, J., Zeitlin, C., Wimmer-Schweingruber, R. F., et al. 2015b, ApJ, 810, 24 · DOI
- Guo, J., Slaba, Tony C.& Zeitlin, C., et al. 2017a, J. Geophys. Res.: Planet. Sci., 329 · DOI
- Guo, J., Zeitlin, C., Wimmer-Schweingruber, R. F., et al. 2017b, Life Sci. Space Res., 12 · DOI
- Guo, J., Zeitlin, C., Wimmer-Schweingruber, R. F., et al. 2018, Astron J., 155, 49 · DOI
- Haberle, R., Gómez-Elvira, J., Torre Juárez, M., et al. 2014, J. Geophys. Res. Planets, 119, 440 · DOI
- Halekas, J., Taylor, E., Dalton, G., et al. 2015, Space Sci. Rev., 195, 125 · DOI
- Halekas, J., Ruhunusiri, S., Harada, Y., et al. 2017, J. Geophys. Res. Space Phys., 122, 547 · DOI
- Hassler, D., Zeitlin, C., Wimmer-Schweingruber, R., et al. 2012, Space Sci. Rev., 170, 503 · DOI
- Hassler, D. M., Zeitlin, C., Wimmer-Schweingruber, R. F., et al. 2014, Science, 343, 1244797 · DOI
- Jakosky, B. M., Grebowsky, J. M., Luhmann, J. G., & Brain, D. A. 2015, Geophys. Res. Lett., 42, 8791 · DOI
- Jordan, A., Spence, H. E., Blake, J., & Shaul, D. 2011, J. Geophys. Res. Space Phys., 116 · DOI
- Köhler, J., Zeitlin, C., Ehresmann, B., et al. 2014, J. Geophys. Res. Planets, 119, 594 · DOI
- Larson, D. E., Lillis, R. J., Lee, C. O., et al. 2015, Space Sci. Rev., 195, 153 · DOI
- Lee, C., Hara, T., Halekas, J., et al. 2017, J. Geophys. Res. Space Phys. · DOI
- Lillis, R. J., Lee, C. O., Larson, D., et al. 2016, J. Geophys. Res. Space Phys., 121, 2818 · DOI
- Lingri, D., Mavromichalaki, H., Belov, A., et al. 2016, Sol. Phys., 291, 1025 · DOI
- Lockwood, J. A. 1971, Space Sci. Rev., 12, 658 · DOI
- Luhmann, J., Zeitlin, C., Turner, R., et al. 2007, J. Geophys. Res. Planets, 112 · DOI
- Masías-Meza, J., Dasso, S., Démoulin, P., Rodriguez, L., & Janvier, M. 2016, A&A, 592, A118 · DOI
- Papailiou, M., Mavromichalaki, H., Belov, A., Eroshenko, E., & Yanke, V. 2012, Sol. Phys., 276, 337 · DOI
- Papaioannou, A., Malandraki, O., Belov, A., et al. 2010, Sol. Phys., 266, 181 · DOI
- Parks, T. W., & Burrus, C. S. 1987, Digital filter design (Wiley-Interscience) · DOI
- Posner, A., Hassler, D., McComas, D., et al. 2005, Adv. Space Res., 36, 1426 · DOI
- Posner, A., Odstrĉil, D., MacNeice, P., et al. 2013, Planet. Space Sci., 89, 127 · DOI
- Rafkin, S. C., Zeitlin, C., Ehresmann, B., et al. 2014, J. Geophys. Res. Planets, 119, 1345 · DOI
- Raghav, A., Shaikh, Z., Bhaskar, A., Datar, G., & Vichare, G. 2017, Sol. Phys., 292, 99 · DOI
- Richardson, I., & Cane, H. 2011, Sol. Phys., 270, 609 · DOI
- Richardson, I. G. 2004, Space Sci. Rev., 111, 267 · DOI
- Simpson, J. 1983, Ann. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. , 33, 323 · DOI
- Usoskin, I., Braun, I., Gladysheva, O., et al. 2008, J. Geophys. Res. Space Phys., 113 · DOI
- Wibberenz, G., Le Roux, J., Potgieter, M., & Bieber, J. 1998, in Cosmic rays in the heliosphere (Springer), 309 · DOI
- Wimmer-Schweingruber, R. F., Köhler, J., Hassler, D. M., et al. 2015, Geophys. Res. Lett., 42 · DOI
- Witasse, O., Sánchez-Cano, B., Mays, M., et al. 2017, J. Geophys. Res. Space Phys. · DOI
- Zeitlin, C., Hassler, D., Cucinotta, F., et al. 2013, Science, 340, 1080 · DOI
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Lee, C. O., Jakosky, B. M., Luhmann, J. G., Brain, D. A., Mays, M. L., Hassler, D. M., Holmström, M., Larson, D. E., Mitchell, D. L., Mazelle, C., et al. (2018) · Geophysical Research Letters · doi:10.1029/2018gl079162 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Self-citationGuo, J., Dumbović, M., Wimmer‐Schweingruber, R. F., Temmer, M., Lohf, H., Wang, Y., Veronig, A., Hassler, D. M., Mays, L. M., Zeitlin, C., et al. (2018) · Space Weather · doi:10.1029/2018sw001973 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Self-citationGuo, J., Zeitlin, C., Wimmer-Schweingruber, R. F., Hassler, D. M., Ehresmann, B., Rafkin, S., Freiherr von Forstner, J. L., Khaksarighiri, S., Liu, W., & Wang, Y. (2021) · The Astronomy and Astrophysics Review · doi:10.1007/s00159-021-00136-5 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
“…and their space weather effect at Mars in synergy with in situ plasma and magnetic field measurements or even when such measurements are missing (Witasse et al. 2017; Winslow et al. 2018; Guo et al. 2018a; Wang et al. 2018; Dumbović et al. 2019; Freiherr von Forstner et al. 2018, 2019, 2020).”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialSelf-citationPapaioannou, A., Belov, A., Abunina, M., Guo, J., Anastasiadis, A., Wimmer-Schweingruber, R. F., Eroshenko, E., Melkumyan, A., Abunin, A., Heber, B., et al. (2019) · Solar Physics · doi:10.1007/s11207-019-1454-2 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Self-citationGuo, J., S. O. E. A. S. S., F. Wimmer-Schweingruber, R., Dumbovicx, M., Heber, B., Wang, Y., C. A. O. S. C. F. E. I. C. P., I. O. E. A. A. P., & H. O. (2020) · Earth and Planetary Physics · doi:10.26464/epp2020007 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Self-citation
- Authors
- Guo, J., Lillis, R., Wimmer-Schweingruber, R. F., Zeitlin, C., Simonson, P., Rahmati, A., Posner, A., Papaioannou, A., Lundt, N., Lee, C. O., Larson, D., Halekas, J., Hassler, D. M., Ehresmann, B., Dunn, P., & Böttcher, S.
- Affiliations
- Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel (DE)
- Space Sciences Laboratory (US)
- Leidos (United States) (US)
- College of Charleston (US)
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US)
- National Observatory of Athens (GR)
- University of Iowa (US)
- Southwest Research Institute (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Astronomy & Astrophysics
- Publisher
- EDP Sciences
- Published
- 2018-03
- Volume
- 611
- Pages
- A79
- ISSN
- 0004-6361 (ISSN-L)
- 1432-0746
- OpenAlex
- W2775615755
- Cited by
- 38
- References
- 9
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 6
- FWCI
- 2.39
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Astronomy and Astrophysics (publishedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration (50QM1201, 50QM0501, 1273039, 50QM1701)
- Southwest Research Institute
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory (1273039)
- Goddard Space Flight Center
- University of California, Los Angeles
- Human Exploration and Operations Mission Directorate
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Solar and Space Plasma Dynamics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Planetary Science and Exploration
- Keywords
- Forbush decreases, galactic cosmic rays, Mars, coronal mass ejections, solar energetic particles, radiation dose rate, power-law distribution, cosmic ray modulation, Mars atmosphere, inner heliosphere, Mars Science Laboratory, MAVEN
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
