MODELING THE VARIATIONS OF DOSE RATE MEASURED BY RAD DURING THE FIRST MSL MARTIAN YEAR: 2012–2014
Open accessAbstract
The Radiation Assessment Detector (RAD), on board Mars Science Laboratory 's ( MSL ) rover Curiosity, measures the energy spectra of both energetic charged and neutral particles along with the radiation dose rate at the surface of Mars. With these first-ever measurements on the Martian surface, RAD observed several effects influencing the galactic cosmic-ray (GCR) induced surface radiation dose concurrently: (a) short-term diurnal variations of the Martian atmospheric pressure caused by daily thermal tides, (b) long-term seasonal pressure changes in the Martian atmosphere, and (c) the modulation of the primary GCR flux by the heliospheric magnetic field, which correlates with long-term solar activity and the rotation of the Sun. The RAD surface dose measurements, along with the surface pressure data and the solar modulation factor, are analyzed and fitted to empirical models that quantitatively demonstrate how the long-term influences ((b) and (c)) are related to the measured dose rates. Correspondingly, we can estimate dose rate and dose equivalents under different solar modulations and different atmospheric conditions, thus allowing empirical predictions of the Martian surface radiation environment.
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Ehresmann, B., Hassler, D. M., Zeitlin, C., Guo, J., Wimmer‐Schweingruber, R. F., Khaksari, S., & Loeffler, S. (2021) · Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets · doi:10.1029/2021je006851 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Self-citationAppel, J. K., Koehler, J., Guo, J., Ehresmann, B., Zeitlin, C. J., Matthiä, D., Lohf, H., Wimmer-Schweingruber, R. F., Hassler, D. M., Brinza, D. E., et al. (2017) · Earth and Space Science · doi:10.1002/2016ea000240 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Self-citationMars neutron radiation environment from HEND/Odyssey and DAN/MSL observations
Litvak, M. L., Sanin, A. B., Mitrofanov, I. G., Bakhtin, B. N., Jun, I., Sierra, L. M. M., Носов, А. В., & Perkhov, A. S. (2020) · Planetary and Space Science · doi:10.1016/j.pss.2020.104866 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Observations of neutron radiation environment during Odyssey cruise to Mars
Litvak, M. L., Mitrofanov, I. G., Sanin, A. B., Bakhtin, B. N., Golovin, D. V., & Zeitlin, C. J. (2021) · Life Sciences in Space Research · doi:10.1016/j.lssr.2021.03.003 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Self-citationHellweg, C. E., Arena, C., Baatout, S., Baselet, B., Beblo‐Vranesevic, K., Caplin, N., Coos, R., Pieve, F. D., Micco, V. D., Foray, N., et al. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-18810-7_10 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Spectral evidence for irradiated halite on Mars
Bramble, M. S., & Hand, K. P. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-55979-6 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Nowcasting Solar Energetic Particle Events for Mars Missions
Löwe, J. L., Khaksarighiri, S., Wimmer-Schweingruber, R. F., Hassler, D. M., Ehresmann, B., Guo, J., Reitz, G., Berger, T., Matthiä, D., Zeitlin, C. J., et al. (2025) · Space Weather · doi:10.1029/2025sw004372 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Self-citationModeling the effectiveness of radiation shielding materials for astronaut protection on Mars
Gakis, D., & Atri, D. (2024) · The European Physical Journal Plus · doi:10.1140/epjp/s13360-024-05519-y · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Khaksarighiri, S., Guo, J., Wimmer-Schweingruber, R. F., Narici, L., & Lohf, H. (2020) · Life Sciences in Space Research · doi:10.1016/j.lssr.2020.07.003 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Self-citationKhaksarighiri, S., Guo, J., Wimmer-Schweingruber, R. F., Löffler, S., Ehresmann, B., Matthiä, D., Hassler, D. M., Zeitlin, C. J., & Berger, T. (2023) · Journal of Geophysical Research Planets · doi:10.1029/2022je007644 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Self-citationWhat do we learn from ground level enhancements?
Papaioannou, A. (2023) · Cosmic ray studies with neutron detectors · doi:10.38072/2748-3150/p37 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Singh, D., Sinha, R. K., Singh, P., Roy, N., & Mukherjee, S. (2022) · Astrobiology · doi:10.1089/ast.2021.0013 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Semkova, J., Benghin, V. V., Guo, J., Zhang, J., Pieve, F. D., Krastev, K., Matviichuk, Y. N., Tomov, B., Shurshakov, V., Drobyshev, S., et al. (2022) · Life Sciences in Space Research · doi:10.1016/j.lssr.2022.08.007 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Self-citationKöhler, J., Wimmer-Schweingruber, R. F., Appel, J. K., Ehresmann, B., Zeitlin, C. J., Hassler, D. M., Reitz, G., Brinza, D. E., Böttcher, S. I., Böhm, E., et al. (2016) · Annales Geophysicae · doi:10.5194/angeo-34-133-2016 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Self-citationMars Ground Level Enhancements in the Context of the Solar Energetic Particle Clock
Posner, A., Richardson, I. G., & Zeitlin, C. J. (2025) · Solar Physics · doi:10.1007/s11207-025-02482-4 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citationNew Results of Radiation Study on Board TGO ExoMars in 2018–2023
Semkova, J., Bengin, V. V., Koleva, R., Krastev, K., Matveychuk, Y., Tomov, B., Bankov, N., Maltchev, S., Dachev, T. P., Shurshakov, V., et al. (2024) · Solar System Research · doi:10.1134/s0038094624700291 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Radiation Factor in Lunar Missions
Orlov, O. I., Panasіuk, M. І., & Shurshakov, V. (2020) · Human Physiology · doi:10.1134/s0362119720070117
Coordinated multi-spacecraft observations of the Martian plasma environment
Sánchez‐Cano, B., Mayyasi, M., Peter, K., Bertucci, C. L., Fang, X., Fowler, C. M., Girazian, Z., Guo, J., Hamrin, M., Holmberg, M. K. G., et al. (2021) · doi:10.3847/25c2cfeb.ff63333a
Self-citationНовые результаты исследования радиации на борту TGO Экзомарс в 2018–2023 г.
Семкова, Й., Bengin, V. V., Koleva, R., Krastev, K., Matveychuk, Y., Томов, Б., Bankov, N. G., Maltchev, S., Dachev, T. P., Shurshakov, V., et al. (2024) · Solar System Research · doi:10.31857/s0320930x24040018
Semkova, J., Koleva, R., Benghin, V. V., Gopalswamy, N., Matviichuk, Y. N., Tomov, B., Krastev, K., Maltchev, S., Dachev, T. P., Bankov, N. G., et al. (2025) · Life Sciences in Space Research · doi:10.1016/j.lssr.2025.02.010 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
- Authors
- Guo, J., Zeitlin, C., Wimmer-Schweingruber, R. F., Rafkin, S., Hassler, D. M., Posner, A., Heber, B., Köhler, J., Ehresmann, B., Appel, J. K., Böhm, E., Böttcher, S., Burmeister, S., Brinza, D. E., Lohf, H., Martin, C., Kahanpää, H., & Reitz, G.
- Affiliations
- Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel (DE)
- Southwest Research Institute (US)
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US)
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory (US)
- Finnish Meteorological Institute (FI)
- Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR) (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Guo, Jingnan
- Venue
- The Astrophysical Journal
- Publisher
- American Astronomical Society
- Published
- 2015-08-27
- Volume
- 810
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 24
- ISSN
- 0004-637X (ISSN-L)
- 1538-4357
- OpenAlex
- W1907687381
- Cited by
- 54
- References
- 44
- Citations by year
- 2025: 3 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 4
- FWCI
- 3.79
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- The Astrophysical Journal (publishedVersion)
- elib (German Aerospace Center) (acceptedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Funders
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration (50QM1201, 50QM0501, 1273039)
- California Institute of Technology
- Southwest Research Institute (1273039)
- Oulun Yliopisto
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory (1273039)
- University of California, Los Angeles
- Human Exploration and Operations Mission Directorate
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Planetary Science and Exploration
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Astro and Planetary Science
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Radiation Therapy and Dosimetry
- Keywords
- galactic cosmic rays, Radiation Assessment Detector, Curiosity rover, Mars Science Laboratory, radiation dose rate, solar modulation, heliospheric magnetic field, atmospheric pressure variation, thermal tides, dose equivalent, empirical model, Mars radiation environment
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