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Efficacy of an implanted neuroprosthesis for restoring hand grasp in tetraplegia: A multicenter study
Abstract
Objective To evaluate an implanted neuroprosthesis that allows tetraplegic users to control grasp and release in 1 hand.Design Multicenter cohort trial with at least 3 years of follow-up. Function for each participant was compared before and after implantation, and with and without the neuroprosthesis activated.Setting Tertiary spinal cord injury (SCI) care centers, 8 in the United States, 1 in the United Kingdom, and 1 in Australia.Participants Fifty-one tetraplegic adults with C5 or C6 SCIs.Intervention An implanted neuroprosthetic system, in which electric stimulation of the grasping muscles of 1 arm are controlled by using contralateral shoulder movements, and concurrent tendon transfer surgery. Assessed participants' ability to grasp, move, and release standardized objects; degree of assistance required to perform activities of daily living (ADLs), device usage; and user satisfaction.Main outcome measures Pinch force; grasp and release tests; ADL abilities test and ADL assessment test; and user satisfaction survey.Results Pinch force was significantly greater with the neuroprosthesis in all available 50 participants, and grasp-release abilities were improved in 49. All tested participants (49/49) were more independent in performing ADLs with the neuroprosthesis than they were without it. Home use of the device for regular function and exercise was reported by over 90% of the participants, and satisfaction with the neuroprosthesis was high.Conclusions The grasping ability provided by the neuroprosthesis is substantial and lasting. The neuroprosthesis is safe, well accepted by users, and offers improved independence for a population without comparable alternatives.
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“It has been found suitable and reliable in both upper and lower extremity applications in various clinical studies [27, 28].”
From Interfaces with the peripheral nervous system for the control of a neuroprosthetic limb: a review (2020) · cites this paper as [27]
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Self-citationDesigning the Optical Interface of a Transcutaneous Optical Telemetry Link
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“The practical integration of cortical interfacing into clinically relevant systems (such as motor neural prostheses [ 5 ]) will ultimately require a data transmission system that eliminates the wires and connectors which cross the skin.”
BackgroundSelf-citationImplementation of an implantable joint-angle transducer.
Bhadra, N., Peckham, P. H., Keith, M. W., Kilgore, K. L., Montague, F. W., Gazdik, M. M., & Stage, T. G. (2002) · PubMed · Cited by 39
Self-citationBrain–Computer Interfaces and Assistive Technology
Rupp, R., Kleih, S. C., Leeb, R., Millán, J. D. R., Kübler, A., & Müller-Putz, G. (2014) · The International library of ethics, law and technology · doi:10.1007/978-94-017-8996-7_2 · Cited by 42
Sasada, S., Kato, K. H., Kadowaki, S., Groiss, S. J., Ugawa, Y., Komiyama, T., & Nishimura, Y. (2014) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4674-13.2014 · Cited by 37
“…to restoring walking ability is functional electrical stimulation (FES), which applies preprogrammed bursts of short electrical pulses to motor nerves or muscles to generate patterned muscle contraction in the paralyzed limb (Peckham et al., 2001; Popovic et al., 2001; Kilgore et al., 2008).”
BackgroundBrain-controlled muscle stimulation for the restoration of motor function
Éthier, C., & Miller, L. E. (2014) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2014.10.014 · Cited by 40
Amadio, P. C. (2011) · Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery · doi:10.2106/jbjs.j.01752 · Cited by 36
Makowski, N. S., Campean, A., Lambrecht, J. M., Buckett, J. R., Coburn, J., Hart, R. L., Miller, M. E., Montague, F. W., Crish, T., Fu, M. J., et al. (2021) · IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems · doi:10.1109/tbcas.2021.3066838 · Cited by 34
“hand opening and closing and trunk support [8], [21].”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citationImplanted neuroprosthesis for assisting arm and hand function after stroke: A case study
Knutson, J. S., Chae, J., Hart, R. L., Keith, M. W., Hoyen, H. A., Harley, M. Y., Hisel, T. Z., Bryden, A. M., Kilgore, K. L., & Peckham, P. H. (2012) · The Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development · doi:10.1682/jrrd.2011.09.0171 · Cited by 35
“Compared with its predecessor [3], the NP used in this study had 4 more stimulation channels plus 2-channel implanted EMG-recording capability, two-way RF telemetry technology, and a much smaller and lighter external control unit.”
MethodSelf-citationRupp, R., Kreilinger, A., Rohm, M., Kaiser, V., & Muller-Putz, G. R. (2012) · Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC) · doi:10.1109/embc.2012.6346308 · Cited by 34
“G.R. Müller-Putz, A. Kreilinger and V. Kaiser are with the Institute of Knowledge Discovery, Graz University of Technology Graz, Austria (email: gernot.mueller@tugraz.at). application is possible [4].”
BackgroundFunctional Electrical Stimulation in Rehabilitation and Neurorehabilitation
Masani, K., & Popović, M. R. (2011) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-540-74658-4_44 · Cited by 33
The future of upper extremity rehabilitation robotics: research and practice
Vu, P. P., Chestek, C. A., Nason, S. R., Kung, T. A., Kemp, S. W. P., & Cederna, P. S. (2020) · Muscle & Nerve · doi:10.1002/mus.26860 · Cited by 33
Overcoming failure: improving acceptance and success of implanted neural interfaces
Dalrymple, A. N., Jones, S. T., Fallon, J. B., Shepherd, R. K., & Weber, D. J. (2025) · Bioelectronic Medicine · doi:10.1186/s42234-025-00168-7 · Cited by 38
“…et al. 2014; Tan et al. 2014); Functional electrical stimulation: (Chaplin 1996; Hardin et al. 2007; Kobetic et al. 1999; Makowski et al. 2021; Peckham et al. 2001); Intramuscular electromyography: (Hart et al. 2011; Heald et al. 2019; Page et al. 2018); Intraspinal microstimulation: (Nashold…”
Makowski, N. S., Knutson, J. S., Chae, J., & Crago, P. E. (2013) · Neurorehabilitation and neural repair · doi:10.1177/1545968313505913 · Cited by 32
Tigra, W., Dali, M., William, L., Fattal, C., Gélis, A., Divoux, J., Coulet, B., Teissier, J., Guiraud, D., & Coste, C. (2020) · Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1186/s12984-020-00676-4 · Cited by 32
Neuroprosthetic devices: how far are we from recovering movement in paralyzed patients?
Pancrazio, J. J., & Peckham, P. H. (2009) · Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1586/ern.09.12 · Cited by 32
Self-citationLand, N. E., Odding, E., Duivenvoorden, H. J., Bergen, M. P., & Stam, H. J. (2004) · Spinal Cord · doi:10.1038/sj.sc.3101588 · Cited by 32
Leeb, R., Gubler, M., Tavella, M., Miller, H., & Millán, J. D. R. (2010) · Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC) · doi:10.1109/iembs.2010.5627412 · Cited by 31
“If a peripheral reinnervation surgery is not feasible, Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) is the best alternative to contract paralyzed or paretic muscles [4], [5].”
BackgroundNeuroprosthesis for individuals with spinal cord injury
Kilgore, K. L., Anderson, K. D., & Peckham, P. H. (2020) · Neurological Research · doi:10.1080/01616412.2020.1798106 · Cited by 32
“force in every recipient, and there was a significant increase in the ability to manipulate objects of different size and weight [42,43].”
BackgroundMethodSelf-citationFES Control of Isometric Forces in the Rat Hindlimb Using Many Muscles
Jarc, A., Berniker, M., & Tresch, M. C. (2013) · IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1109/tbme.2013.2237768 · Cited by 31
An Update on Functional Electrical Stimulation after Spinal Cord Injury
Gorman, P. H. (2000) · Neurorehabilitation and neural repair · doi:10.1177/154596830001400402 · Cited by 31
Self-citationCanny, E., Vansteensel, M. J., van der Salm, S. M. A., Müller-Putz, G., & Berezutskaya, J. (2023) · Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1186/s12984-023-01272-y · Cited by 38
“Implanted FES has been shown to induce grasp movements in individuals with paralysis [221].”
BackgroundOrlin, M. N., Pierce, S. R., Laughton, C. A., Smith, B. T., Johnston, T. E., Shewokis, P. A., & McCarthy, J. J. (2005) · Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology · doi:10.1017/s0012162205001398 · Cited by 30
Spinal cord clinical trials and the role for bioengineering
Wilcox, J. T., Cadotte, D. W., & Fehlings, M. G. (2012) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2012.02.028 · Cited by 33
Huggins, J. E., Guger, C., Ziat, M., Zander, T. O., Taylor, D., Tangermann, M., Soria‐Frisch, A., Simeral, J. D., Scherer, R., Rupp, R., et al. (2017) · Brain-Computer Interfaces · doi:10.1080/2326263x.2016.1275488 · Cited by 32
Thorsen, R., Occhi, E., Boccardi, S., & Ferrarin, M. (2006) · The Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development · doi:10.1682/jrrd.2005.04.0068 · Cited by 30
Metadata
- Authors
- Peckham, P. H., Keith, M. W., Kilgore, K. L., Grill, J. H., Wuolle, K. S., Thrope, G. B., Gorman, P., Hobby, J., Mulcahey, M. J., Carroll, S., Hentz, V. R., & Wiegner, A.
- Affiliations
- The University of Melbourne (AU)
- United States Department of Veterans Affairs (US)
- Venue
- Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2001-10
- Volume
- 82
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 1380-1388
- ISSN
- 0003-9993 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2044493647
- Cited by
- 319
- References
- 36
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 9.26
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Center for Research Resources (M01RR000080, 5M01RR 00080)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Spinal Cord Injury Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Stroke Rehabilitation and Recovery
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neural Engineering
- Keywords
- tetraplegia, spinal cord injury, hand grasp, grasp and release, tendon transfer, pinch strength, activities of daily living, user satisfaction, upper limb prosthesis
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Electric Stimulation, Electrodes, Implanted, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Hand, Humans, Male, Prosthesis Design, Quadriplegia, Cohort Studies, Hand Strength, Prostheses and Implants
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