Cited by 974Gut microbiota and healthLiver Disease Diagnosis and TreatmentAlcohol Consumption and Health Effects

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Interactions Between the Intestinal Microbiome and Liver Diseases

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Schnabl, Bernd, Brenner, David A.·2014·Gastroenterology

DOI 10.1053/j.gastro.2014.01.020PMC PMC3996054

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Abstract

The human intestine harbors a diverse community of microbes that promote metabolism and digestion in their symbiotic relationship with the host. Disturbance of its homeostasis can result in disease. We review factors that disrupt intestinal homeostasis and contribute to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, steatohepatitis, alcoholic liver disease, and cirrhosis. Liver disease has long been associated with qualitative and quantitative (overgrowth) dysbiotic changes in the intestinal microbiota. Extrinsic factors, such as the Western diet and alcohol, contribute to these changes. Dysbiosis results in intestinal inflammation, a breakdown of the intestinal barrier, and translocation of microbial products in animal models. However, the contribution of the intestinal microbiome to liver disease goes beyond simple translocation of bacterial products that promote hepatic injury and inflammation. Microbial metabolites produced in a dysbiotic intestinal environment and host factors are equally important in the pathogenesis of liver disease. We review how the combination of liver insult and disruptions in intestinal homeostasis contribute to liver disease.

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Authors: Schnabl, B., & Brenner, D. A.
Affiliations: University of California San Diego (US)
Corresponding author: Schnabl, Bernd
ORCID: Schnabl, Bernd
Brenner, David A.
Venue: Gastroenterology
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2014-05
Volume: 146
Issue: 6
Pages: 1513-1524
ISSN: 0016-5085 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2014.01.020
PMC: PMC3996054
OpenAlex: W1975691929
Cited by: 971
References: 86
Citations by year: 2026: 37 · 2025: 56 · 2024: 88 · 2023: 101 · 2022: 88 · 2021: 92 · 2020: 102 · 2019: 88 · 2018: 89 · 2017: 58 · 2016: 64 · 2015: 77 · 2014: 31
FWCI: 7.23
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
Locations: Gastroenterology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health (U01 AA021856, R01 AA020703, 2 P42 ES010337, K08 DK081830)
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
Health Sciences › Medicine › Hepatology › Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment
Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Alcohol Consumption and Health Effects
Keywords: gut microbiota, gut-liver axis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, steatohepatitis, alcoholic liver disease, liver cirrhosis, dysbiosis, intestinal homeostasis, intestinal barrier dysfunction, intestinal inflammation, microbial translocation, microbial metabolites, Western diet, alcohol
MeSH terms: Animals, Bacteria, Bile Acids and Salts, Fatty Liver, Humans, Intestines, Liver Cirrhosis, Liver Diseases, Liver Diseases, Alcoholic, Risk Factors, Host-Pathogen Interactions, Microbiota, Dysbiosis, Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

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