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Epidemiology, Etiology, and Treatment of Gastroparesis: Real-World Evidence From a Large US National Claims Database
Open accessAbstract
Background & aims Although gastroparesis carries a considerable health care and patient burden, associated epidemiological data are limited. To provide new real-world evidence for gastroparesis, we estimated disease prevalence, and investigated patient demographics and disease etiology in a large US claims database. Methods This retrospective, cross-sectional analysis used de-identified, longitudinal patient-level enrollment and billing data for adults from the Optum Clinformatics Data Mart database, a large US national administrative health insurance claims database. Prevalence was age-, sex-, and geographical region-standardized using the 2018 US census. Descriptive analyses of demographic and clinical variables and underlying disease etiologies were performed. Results The overall standardized prevalence of gastroparesis was 267.7 (95% confidence interval [CI] 264.8-270.7) per 100,000 US adults, whereas prevalence of "definite" gastroparesis (individuals diagnosed within 3 months of gastric emptying scintigraphy testing with persistent symptoms for more than 3 months) was 21.5 (95% CI 20.6-22.4) per 100,000 persons. Patients with gastroparesis had an overall Charlson Comorbidity Index score of 4.2, indicating substantial comorbidity burden. The most frequently documented comorbidities were chronic pulmonary disease (46.4%), diabetes with chronic complication (37.3%), and peripheral vascular disease (30.4%). Patients most commonly had a diabetic etiology (57.4%; type 1, 5.7%…
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“In contrast, studies applying stricter criteria for “definite gastroparesis”, show that diabetic etiology represents the leading cause of gastroparesis among identified etiologies, accounting for approximately 57.4% of all reported cases in large national claims databases [10].”
From Diabetic gastroparesis: pathophysiology and impact on insulin timing choices (2026) · cites this paper as [10]
In the citing paper
“For example, a large study conducted in 2020 on more than 43 million medical records in the United States reported that only 0.16% of patients had a documented diagnosis of gastroparesis [9, 10].”
From Diabetic gastroparesis: pathophysiology and impact on insulin timing choices (2026) · cites this paper as [10]
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“Idiopathic GP accounts for approximately 11% of all cases [1,4].”
Seven-Year Experience of Intramural Surgery in the Middle East: A Safety and Feasibility Analysis
Restrepo-Rodas, G., Barajas-Gamboa, J., Dang, J., Piechowska-Jóźwiak, M. I., Khan, M., Gobbo, G. D. D., Abdallah, M., Moreno, C., Abril, C., Pantoja, J. P., et al. (2024) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm13133989 · Cited by 2
“The estimated prevalence varies, with numbers ranging from 1.8 to 12.6 per 100,000 people [1–3] for achalasia, 13.8 to 21.5 per 100,000 people [4,5] for gastroparesis, and 2 per 100,000 people [6] for Zenker’s diverticula.”
BackgroundInfluentialGASTRIC PER-ORAL ENDOSCOPIC MYOTOMY (G-POEM) FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF GASTROPARESIS
Gonzaga, E. S. R., Draganov, P., & Yang, D. (2023) · Techniques and Innovations in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy · doi:10.1016/j.tige.2023.09.002 · Cited by 2
Ultrasonography findings in diabetes and diabetes gastroparesis: A meta-analysis
Marcellus Simadibrata, K., Utari, A. P., Siswoyo, A. D., Anastasia, E. S., Siregar, T. P., & Purnamasari, D. (2023) · F1000Research · doi:10.12688/f1000research.128672.1 · Cited by 2
Gastric electrical stimulation is safe during pregnancy and delivery: Results from a French cohort
Soliman, H., Schalla, M. A., Coffin, B., & Gourcerol, G. (2023) · Neurogastroenterology & Motility · doi:10.1111/nmo.14657 · Cited by 2
Pathological changes in the gastrointestinal tract in patients with diabetes mellitus
Aslanov, B. I., Чиркина, Т. М., Kokovina, Y. V., Antonova, E. A., Tiselko, A. V., Shirai, O., & Ignatova, O. K. (2023) · Medical alphabet · doi:10.33667/2078-5631-2022-35-29-36 · Cited by 1
Pathogenesis and endoscopic treatment of gastroparesis
Wu, Y., Xie, N., Yu, Y., & Li, B. (2023) · Gastroenterology & Endoscopy · doi:10.1016/j.gande.2022.11.008 · Cited by 3
Smieszek, S. P., Carlin, J. L., Fisher, M. A., Madonick, D., Kupersmith, C., Moszczynski, P., Xiao, C., Polymeropoulos, C. M., Birznieks, G., & Polymeropoulos, M. H. (2022) · Clinical and Translational Gastroenterology · doi:10.14309/ctg.0000000000000521 · Cited by 2
Vajravelu, R. K., Kolb, J. M., Gellad, W. F., Scott, F. I., Tavakkoli, A., Singal, A. G., Katzka, D. A., Falk, G. W., & Wani, S. B. (2022) · Gastro Hep Advances · doi:10.1016/j.gastha.2022.03.001 · Cited by 2
Wang, Z., Ma, M., Wu, X., Xu, X., Xu, X., Cui, B., Wen, Q., Lv, K., Wang, J., & Zhang, F. (2026) · Annals of Medicine · doi:10.1080/07853890.2026.2718626 · Cited by 1
“Epidemiological studies have estimated a prevalence of approximately 21.5 to 24.2 cases per 100,000 individuals [6,7].”
InfluentialDamiens, Q., Mille, V., Faure, J., Toussirot, É., Valnet‐Rabier, M., & Béreau, M. (2026) · Journal of Parkinson s Disease · doi:10.1177/1877718x261432743 · Cited by 1
Kellar, T., Basnayake, C., Biesiekierski, J. R., Burgell, R., Fitzpatrick, J., Hebbard, G., Ho, V., Kim, H., Knowles, S. R., Rayner, C. K., et al. (2026) · Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology · doi:10.1111/jgh.70456 · Cited by 1
Chen, J.-H., Chen, J.-C., Mei, Y.-J., Zhu, X.-C., Luo, Q.-M., & Tu, Y.-Y. (2026) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2026.1844057 · Cited by 1
“Drug-induced is one of the most common etiologies of IGE (El Halabi and Parkman, 2023; Ye et al., 2022).”
InfluentialSonaiya, S., Dahiya, D., Tun, K. M., Mange, P., Inamdar, S., Chandan, S., Mohan, B. P., & Adler, D. (2026) · Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology · doi:10.1097/mcg.0000000000002368 · Cited by 1
Chung, C.-S., Hung, J.-S., Hsu, M.-H., Chin, N.-H., Wong, M., Lei, W.-Y., Lee, T.-H., Chen, H.-F., Wu, Y.-W., Wu, J.-M., et al. (2025) · Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility · doi:10.5056/jnm25027 · Cited by 1
Ye, L., Cao, Y., Guo, C., & Li, H. (2025) · Information Systems Frontiers · doi:10.1007/s10796-025-10654-7
“Furthermore, some studies have identified enduring morbidities in patients with gastro - paresis, such as pulmonary disease, kidney disorders, and HF (Ye et al., 2022 ).”
EndoFlip pilórico y su utilidad clínica en gastroparesia
de Ardila, A. C. H., Hernandez, A. J. C., Hernández-Meza, J. S., Garrido, R. C. C., & Peña, M. D. C. F. (2024) · Revista Colombiana de Gastroenterología · doi:10.22516/25007440.1183 · Cited by 1
The Impact of Pyloric Directed Therapy for Gastroparesis
Jue, T. L., & Hasler, W. L. (2024) · Foregut: The Journal of the American Foregut Society · doi:10.1177/26345161241252932 · Cited by 1
Motility Disorders of the Stomach: Pathophysiologic Mechanisms and Evaluation
Cangemi, D. J., & Lacy, B. E. (2024) · Foregut: The Journal of the American Foregut Society · doi:10.1177/26345161241239607 · Cited by 1
Gundling, F., & Frieling, T. (2024) · Zeitschrift für Gastroenterologie - German Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1055/a-2350-7432 · Cited by 1
Saeed, S., Kamran, M., Bhagwani, K., Shaikh, N., Ekhator, C., Farahat, M. A., Abdelaziz, A. M., & Shehryar, A. (2023) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.41630 · Cited by 1
“The etiology of gastroparesis is multifactorial, with diabetes, post-surgical complications, neurological disorders, and idiopathic causes being the most common [1].”
BackgroundWenn der Magen „nicht mehr richtig schafft“
Bravo, F., Lenglinger, J., Borbély, Y., & Wiest, R. (2023) · Schweizer Gastroenterologie · doi:10.1007/s43472-023-00100-x · Cited by 2
Trends in Gastroparesis Management
Tanner, S. E., Kurin, M., Shahsavari, D., Malik, Z. A., & Parkman, H. P. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology · doi:10.1097/mcg.0000000000001766 · Cited by 3
Varvoglis, D. N., & Farrell, T. M. (2022) · Journal of Laparoendoscopic & Advanced Surgical Techniques · doi:10.1089/lap.2022.0342 · Cited by 2
“13 Ye et al 14 used a large United States National Claims Database to demonstrate an incidence of ‘‘definite gastroparesis’’ of 21.5 per 100,000, with definite gastroparesis defined as persistence of symptoms more than 3 months after diagnostic gastric scintigraphy.”
InfluentialComorbidities and Gastroparesis: A Retrospective Study
Brown, A. S., Beener, C., & Lowrie, M. (2022) · The Journal for Nurse Practitioners · doi:10.1016/j.nurpra.2021.12.012 · Cited by 1
Diabetic gastroparesis: pathophysiology and impact on insulin timing choices
Galeano, F., Tumminia, A., Oteri, V., Le Moli, R., Piticchio, T., Scilletta, S., Di Marco, M., Di Pino, A., & Frasca, F. (2026) · Endocrine · doi:10.1007/s12020-026-04693-6
“In contrast, studies applying stricter criteria for “definite gastro - paresis”, show that diabetic etiology represents the leading cause of gastroparesis among identified etiologies, account - ing for approximately 57.4% of all reported cases in large national claims databases [10].”
InfluentialГригорьева, И. Н. (2026) · Diabetes Mellitus · doi:10.14341/dm13427 · Cited by 1
Wang, X., Camilleri, M., & Liu, Z. (2026) · Neurogastroenterology & Motility · doi:10.1111/nmo.70454
“Most commonly arising from idiopathic, diabetic, or post-surgical etiologies [6], gastroparesis can cause chronic symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, early satiety, and weight loss [4, 5], representing a major burden to patients and healthcare [7–9].”
Self-citationCurrent Evidence and Practical Considerations for GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in Gynecologic Oncology
Neveu, J., Mateo-Kubach, P., Pervan, M., Meschini, T., Sabini, C., Martínez, Z. R. M., Loverro, M., Maureen, B., Villagrá, I., Del, M., et al. (2026) · International Journal of Gynecological Cancer · doi:10.1016/j.ijgc.2026.105660 · Cited by 1
MacKay, S., Ringuette, V., Switzer, N., & Yang, D. Y. (2026) · ACG Case Reports Journal · doi:10.14309/crj.0000000000002350
“10,11 His symptoms were refractory to dietary adjustments: dom-peridone, prucalopride, erythromycin, pyridostigmine, and buspirone.”
Management Strategies for Pediatric Gastroparesis
Gogu, S., & Krasaelap, A. (2026) · Current Treatment Options in Pediatrics · doi:10.1007/s40746-026-00391-7
“Adult studies estimate a population prevalence from 0.014% to 0.27%, with a 2.5-to 18-fold increase in gastroparesis-related admissions and emergency visits over the past two decades [6, 7]; pediatric inpatient data like-wise show a marked increase [2].”
InfluentialXu, H., He, Y., Wu, Y., Wang, Z., Zhang, F., & Fan, Y. (2026) · Neurogastroenterology & Motility · doi:10.1111/nmo.70418
Sadda, V. R., Chaudhry, N., Khataniar, H., Zheng, P., & Ayazi, S. (2026) · Translational Gastroenterology and Hepatology · doi:10.21037/tgh-2026-0134
“Although the present analysis cannot distinguish a true increase in disease incidence from greater clinical recognition, its temporal pattern is consistent with other large database reports documenting an increasing population burden of gastroparesis (14,15).”
Brown, A., & Parker, B. (2026) · Advances in Integrative Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.aimed.2026.100690
Stoffel, E., Blackett, J. W., Choy, A., Ma, D., Almeida, W., Kuo, B., Jodorkovsky, D., & Pomenti, S. F. (2026) · Gastrointestinal Disorders · doi:10.3390/gidisord8030031
Diabetes and Gastroparesis: New Concepts and Insights
Leto, G., Crispino, P., Viceconti, A., & Camardo, V. (2026) · Diabetology · doi:10.3390/diabetology7050093
I make the world the way I like it
Frieling, T., Storr, M., Keller, J., Gundling, F., & Patejdl, R. (2026) · Zeitschrift für Gastroenterologie · doi:10.1055/a-2922-7428
Григорьева, И. Н. (2026) · Russian Journal of Gastroenterology Hepatology Coloproctology · doi:10.22416/1382-4376-2026-36-1-7-15
Kim, J. H., & Jen, H. (2026) · ACG Case Reports Journal · doi:10.14309/crj.0000000000002077
La gastroparesi diabetica: fisiopatologia e impatto sulla scelta del timing insulinico
Galeano, F., Frasca, F., Oteri, V., Moli, R. L., & Tumminia, A. (2026) · L Endocrinologo · doi:10.1007/s40619-026-01773-7
Jiang, W.-L., Hu, X.-Y., Zheng, H.-X., Nan, M.-H., Li-zhe, L., Tian-xu, W., Li, J.-L., & Bai, C.-C. (2026) · World Journal of Diabetes · doi:10.4239/wjd.v17.i3.119126
Wei, X., Wang, C., Qin, Y., Li, L., Zhao, S., Cheong, Y. H., Guo, Y., Xiao, L., & Dai, X. (2026) · Gut Medicine · doi:10.1002/gtm2.70007
Metadata
- Authors
- Ye, Y., Yin, Y., Huh, S. Y., Almansa, C., Bennett, D., & Camilleri, M.
- Affiliations
- Takeda (United States) (US)
- Mayo Clinic (US)
- Corresponding author
- Bennett, Dimitri
- Venue
- Gastroenterology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2022-01
- Volume
- 162
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 109-121.e5
- ISSN
- 0016-5085 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3204205013
- Cited by
- 142
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 31 · 2025: 35 · 2024: 35 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 16
- FWCI
- 17.36
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Gastroenterology (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Takeda Pharmaceutical Co Ltd
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Gastrointestinal Bleeding Diagnosis and Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Gastroesophageal reflux and treatments
- Keywords
- gastroparesis, prevalence, etiology, diabetic gastroparesis, type 2 diabetes, type 1 diabetes, postoperative gastroparesis, idiopathic gastroparesis, comorbidities, Charlson Comorbidity Index, gastric emptying scintigraphy, healthcare burden, patient demographics
- MeSH terms
- Administrative Claims, Healthcare, Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Gastric Emptying, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Predictive Value of Tests, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Sex Factors, Time Factors, United States, Comorbidity, Prevalence, Databases, Factual, Treatment Outcome, Risk Assessment, Gastroparesis, Young Adult
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