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Sleep EEG, depression and gender
Open accessAbstract
Despite clear evidence of an intimate connection between sleep, major depressive disorders (MDD) and gender, few studies have explored gender differences in either sleep or in wakefulness in patients as a means of better understanding the psychogenic components of MDD. Indeed, few sleep studies focus on characterising gender differences in any population. This paper will present a review of the literature on gender differences in sleep and depression. The theoretical and clinical implications of the findings will also be discussed. The premise of the present review is that there is an inherent increased vulnerability to depression in women that arises out of basic gender differences in brain organisation and state regulation, particularly in response to a "biological challenge" during sleep. It is argued that the inherent properties of organisation and regulation of sleep EEG in healthy men and women, elicited under challenge conditions, show gender-specific vulnerability to organisational abnormalities that model homeostatic abnormalities in depressed men and women and contribute to the genesis of depression. 2001 Harcourt Publishers Ltd
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“It has been observed that women accumulate sleep debt more rapidly than men do and might need more sleep to be functional.96–98”
From Effects of Traumatic Brain Injury on the Orexin/Hypocretin System (2025) · cites this paper as [96]
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Self-citationAssociation between social capital and sleep duration among rural older adults in China
Yang, L., Wang, H., & Cheng, J. (2022) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-021-12441-w · Cited by 29
Anxiety disorders in adolescence.
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Brand, S., Kalak, N., Beck, J., Wollmer, M. A., & Holsboer‐Trachsler, E. (2015) · Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment · doi:10.2147/ndt.s74829 · Cited by 26
Altered sleep architecture during the first months of life in infants born to depressed mothers
Bat‐Pitault, F., Sesso, G., Deruelle, C., Flori, S., Porcher-Guinet, V., Stagnara, C., Guyon, A., Plancoulaine, S., Adrien, J., Fonséca, D. D., et al. (2016) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2016.11.018 · Cited by 26
Impact of sex steroids and reproductive stage on sleep-dependent memory consolidation in women
Baker, F. C., Sattari, N. S., de Zambotti, M., Goldstone, A., Alaynick, W. A., & Mednick, S. C. (2018) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2018.03.017 · Cited by 28
Goldschmied, J., & Gehrman, P. (2019) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-019-1013-4 · Cited by 26
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Khazaie, H., Khazaie, S., Zakiei, A., Dürsteler, K. M., Brühl, A. B., Brand, S., & Bahmani, D. S. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph182413011 · Cited by 29
Quantitative EEG amplitude across REM sleep periods in depression: preliminary report
Liscombe, M. P., Hoffmann, R. F., Trivedi, M. H., Parker, M. K., Rush, A. J., & Armitage, R. (2002) · Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience · doi:10.1139/jpn.0204 · Cited by 25
Self-citationThe ability of stress to alter sleep in mice is sensitive to reproductive hormones
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Edéll-Gustafsson, U., Svanborg, E., & Swahn, E. (2006) · Heart & lung : the journal of critical care · doi:10.1016/j.hrtlng.2005.09.008 · Cited by 28
On the basis of sex and sleep: the influence of the estrous cycle and sex on sleep-wake behavior
Swift, K. M., Gary, N. C., & Urbanczyk, P. J. (2024) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2024.1426189 · Cited by 32
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Self-citationCatastrophizing and Poor Sleep Quality in Early Adolescent Females
Noone, D., Willis, T. A., Cox, J., Harkness, F., Ogilvie, J., Forbes, E. E., Sterr, A., & Gregory, A. M. (2013) · Behavioral Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1080/15402002.2013.764528 · Cited by 22
Regular Practice of Competitive Sports Does Not Impair Sleep in Adolescents: DADOS Study
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Morselli, L., Temple, K. A., Leproult, R., Ehrmann, D., Cauter, E. V., & Mokhlesi, B. (2018) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2018.00377 · Cited by 20
Challenging the sleep homeostat: Sleep in depression is not premature aging
Frey, S., Birchler-Pedross, A., Hofstetter, M., Brunner, P., Götz, T., Münch, M. Y., Blatter, K., Knoblauch, V., Wirz‐Justice, A., & Cajochen, C. (2012) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2012.03.008 · Cited by 20
Metadata
- Authors
- Armitage, R., & Hoffmann, R. F.
- Affiliations
- The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (US)
- ORCID
- Hoffmann, Robert F
- Venue
- Sleep Medicine Reviews
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2001-06
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 237-246
- ISSN
- 1087-0792 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2112695817
- Cited by
- 170
- References
- 57
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 1.75
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- hdl.handle.net
- Locations
- Sleep Medicine Reviews (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Deep Blue (University of Michigan) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH061515)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Treatment of Major Depression
- Keywords
- sleep EEG, gender differences, major depressive disorder, sleep regulation, brain organization, psychogenic depression
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