Cited by 179Inflammasome and immune disordersLiver Disease Diagnosis and TreatmentLiver physiology and pathology

Inflammasomes in liver fibrosis

Open access
Alegre, Fernando, Pelegrin, Pablo, Feldstein, Ariel·2017·Seminars in Liver Disease

Abstract

Cell death and inflammation are two central elements in the development of liver fibrosis. Inflammasomes are intracellular multiprotein complexes expressed in both hepatocytes and nonparenchymal cells in the liver that are key regulators of inflammation and cell fate. They respond to cellular danger signals by activating caspase 1, releasing the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18, as well as initiating a novel pathway of programmed cell death termed “pyroptosis.” These processes can initiate and perpetuate an abnormal wound-healing response with the principle cellular target being the activation of hepatic stellate cells. From the various inflammasomes, the NLRP3 inflammasome has been increasingly implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory liver diseases, including nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, a disease process that is soaring and has evolved as a primary cause of liver fibrosis and need for liver transplantation. In this review, the authors highlight the growing evidence for both indirect and direct effects of inflammasomes in triggering liver fibrosis as well as potential novel targets for antifibrotic therapies.

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  • The IL-1β receptor antagonist anakinra is currently being evaluated to limit inflammation in patients with alcoholic hepatitis.

    “the IL-1β receptor antagonist anakinra is currently being evaluated to limit inflammation in patients with alcoholic hepatitis (126, 127)”
  • Hepatocytes secrete inflammatory and fibrogenic cytokines either directly, such as IL-1β and IL-18, or via extracellular vesicles containing CXCL10 and mitochondrial DNA.

    “They also secrete inflammatory and fibrogenic cytokines either directly, such as interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18,35,36 or via extracellular vesicles containing C-X-C motif chemokine ligand (CXCL)10, a ligand for C-X-C motif chemokine receptor (CXCR)3, and mitochondrial DNA, a key TLR9 ligand.37”

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Research works printed but not linked: 3

  1. Povero D, Panera N, Eguchi A, et al. Lipid-induced hepatocyte- derived extracellular vesicles regulate hepatic stellate cell via microRNAs targeting PPAR-γ. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2015;1(6):646-663.e4
  2. Pelegrin PInflammasome activation by danger signals In: Couillin I, Petrilli V, Martinon F, eds. The Inflammasomes. Basel, Switzerland: Springer Basel; 2011:101-121
  3. MacKenzie A, Wilson HL, Kiss-Toth E, Dower SK, North RA, Surprenant A. Rapid secretion of interleukin-1beta by micro- vesicle shedding. Immunity 2001;15(5):825-835

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Authors
Alegre, F., Pelegrin, P., & Feldstein, A.
Affiliations
  • Universitat de València (ES)
  • Director, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), CIBERehd, Clinical University Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
  • University of California San Diego (US)
Corresponding author
Feldstein, Ariel
Venue
Seminars in Liver Disease
Published
2017-05
Volume
37
Issue
02
Pages
119-127
ISSN
  • 0272-8087 (ISSN-L)
  • 1098-8971
OpenAlex
W2619892599
Cited by
176
References
98
Citations by year
2026: 4 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 31 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 35 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 4
FWCI
1.61
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Seminars in Liver Disease (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health
  • National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (U01AA022489)
  • National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK082451)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Inflammasome and immune disorders
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Hepatology › Liver physiology and pathology
Keywords
inflammasome, liver fibrosis, NLRP3 inflammasome, caspase-1, IL-1β, IL-18, pyroptosis, hepatic stellate cells, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, chronic liver inflammation, antifibrotic therapy, wound healing
MeSH terms
Alarmins, Pyroptosis, NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein, Animals, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Humans, Liver Cirrhosis, Signal Transduction, Inflammation Mediators, Receptors, Pattern Recognition

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