Cited by 205Plant biochemistry and biosynthesisSesquiterpenes and Asteraceae StudiesPlant tissue culture and regeneration

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Identification of Intermediates and Enzymes Involved in the Early Steps of Artemisinin Biosynthesis in Artemisia annua

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Bertea, C. M., Freije, J. R., van der Woude, H., Verstappen, F. W., Perk, L., Marquez, V., De Kraker, J-W., Posthumus, M. A., Jansen, B. J., de Groot, Ae., Franssen, M. C., Bouwmeester, H. J.·2005·Planta Medica

DOI 10.1055/s-2005-837749

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Abstract

An important group of antimalarial drugs consists of the endoperoxide sesquiterpene lactone artemisinin and its derivatives. Only little is known about the biosynthesis of artemisinin in Artemisia annua L., particularly about the early enzymatic steps between amorpha-4,11-diene and dihydroartemisinic acid. Analyses of the terpenoids from A. annua leaves and gland secretory cells revealed the presence of the oxygenated amorpha-4,11-diene derivatives artemisinic alcohol, dihydroartemisinic alcohol, artemisinic aldehyde, dihydroartemisinic aldehyde and dihydroartemisinic acid. We also demonstrated the presence of a number of biosynthetic enzymes such as the amorpha-4,11-diene synthase and the--so far unknown--amorpha-4,11-diene hydroxylase as well as artemisinic alcohol and dihydroartemisinic aldehyde dehydrogenase activities in both leaves and glandular trichomes. From these results, we hypothesise that the early steps in artemisinin biosynthesis involve amorpha-4,11-diene hydroxylation to artemisinic alcohol, followed by oxidation to artemisinic aldehyde, reduction of the C11-C13 double bond to dihydroartemisinic aldehyde and oxidation to dihydroartemisinic acid.

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Authors: Bertea, C. M., Freije, J. R., van der Woude, H., Verstappen, F. W., Perk, L., Marquez, V., De Kraker, J.-W., Posthumus, M. A., Jansen, B. J., de Groot, A., Franssen, M. C., & Bouwmeester, H. J.
Affiliations: Wageningen University & Research (NL)
ORCID: Bertea, C. M.
Verstappen, F. W.
Franssen, M. C.
Bouwmeester, H. J.
Venue: Planta Medica
Publisher: Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Published: 2005-01
Volume: 71
Issue: 1
Pages: 40-47
ISSN: 0032-0943 (ISSN-L)
1439-0221
DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-837749
OpenAlex: W2061459669
Cited by: 205
References: 13
Citations by year: 2026: 3 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 21
FWCI: 5.77
Type: journal article
Language: de
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: Planta Medica (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Socio-Environmental Systems Modeling (acceptedVersion)
Institutional Research Information System University of Turin (University of Turin) (submittedVersion)
MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion)
Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Plant biochemistry and biosynthesis
Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Organic Chemistry › Sesquiterpenes and Asteraceae Studies
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Plant tissue culture and regeneration
Keywords: artemisinin biosynthesis, Artemisia annua, dihydroartemisinic acid, amorpha-4,11-diene synthase, sesquiterpene lactones, glandular trichomes, antimalarial drugs
MeSH terms: Antimalarials, Humans, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Phytotherapy, Plant Leaves, Artemisia annua, Artemisinins

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Identification of Intermediates and Enzymes Involved in the Early Steps of Artemisinin Biosynthesis in Artemisia annua

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