Volatile Metabolite Compositions of the Essential Oil from Aerial Parts of Ornamental and Artemisinin Rich Cultivars of Artemisia annua
Abstract
The essential oils of the aerial parts (flowers, leaves and stems) of the artemisinin rich cultivar ‘Jeevanraksha’ and artemisinin poor ornamental type cultivar Suraksha of Artemisia annua, grown at New Delhi, were characterized for their metabolite composition by GC and GC/MS analyses. Ninety-seven compounds comprising 91.3% of the total oil of ‘Jeevanraksha’ were identified. Forty-three monoterpenes (56.6%), 32 sesquiterpenes (31.1%), and 2 diterpenes (0.2%) comprised bulk of the oil (87.9%). The oil was devoid of artemisia ketone and contained camphor (13.5%), 1,8-cineole (9.4%), trans-sabinol (7.1%), p-mentha-1(7), 5-dien-2-ol (6.3%), myrcene (4.7%), germacrene D (4.4%), (E)-β-farnesene (3.9%), β-caryophyllene (3.7%), dihydroartemisinic lactone (3.0%) and p-cymene (2.0%) as the major constituents. Eighty-six compounds representing 93.3% of the composition were identified in the Suraksha oil. This oil contained artemisia ketone (47%), 1,8-cineole (8.4%), camphor (5.9%) and α-pinene (5.2%) as the major components. Many compounds were detected in the A. annua oil for the first time. Consistent with hybrid origin of the cultivar ‘Jeevanraksha’, its oil possessed characteristics reported earlier for the corresponding essential oils of the A. annua accessions of Vietnamese origin and North-American accessions.
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Myrcene is the most abundant regular acyclic monoterpene from A. annua.
“Myrcene (254) is the most abundant regular acyclic monoterpene from A. annua, and can account for up to 5% of the essential oil [22,33,43].”
From The Biosynthesis of Artemisinin (Qinghaosu) and the Phytochemistry of Artemisia annua L. (Qinghao) (2010) · cites this paper as [43]
Differences in the essential oil composition between varieties of A. annua should be ascribed to the existence of chemotypes (or chemical races) in this species.
“Others have reported a similar variation in essential oil content between varieties of A. annua [53,54] and have concurred that differences in the essential oil composition should be ascribed to the existence of chemotypes (or chemical races) in this species [43]”
From The Biosynthesis of Artemisinin (Qinghaosu) and the Phytochemistry of Artemisia annua L. (Qinghao) (2010) · cites this paper as [43]
1,8-Cineole is the most abundant p-menthane monoterpene from A. annua.
“1,8-Cineole (326) is the most abundant p-menthane monoterpene from A. annua [22,29,40,42,43,45,73]”
From The Biosynthesis of Artemisinin (Qinghaosu) and the Phytochemistry of Artemisia annua L. (Qinghao) (2010) · cites this paper as [43]
Artemisia ketone can account for up to 50% of the total essential oil in some varieties of A. annua.
“which is the major constituent of the essential oil in some varieties of A. annua [29,37,42,73], and can account for up to 50% of the total [22,25,33,43,45,53].”
From The Biosynthesis of Artemisinin (Qinghaosu) and the Phytochemistry of Artemisia annua L. (Qinghao) (2010) · cites this paper as [43]
Myrcene can account for up to 5% of the essential oil of A. annua.
“Myrcene (254) is the most abundant regular acyclic monoterpene from A. annua, and can account for up to 5% of the essential oil [22,33,43].”
From The Biosynthesis of Artemisinin (Qinghaosu) and the Phytochemistry of Artemisia annua L. (Qinghao) (2010) · cites this paper as [43]
α-Pinene is the most abundant pinane monoterpene from A. annua, up to 10%.
“α-Pinene (347) [40,42,43] is the most abundant pinane monoterpene from A. annua (up to 10%) [33]”
From The Biosynthesis of Artemisinin (Qinghaosu) and the Phytochemistry of Artemisia annua L. (Qinghao) (2010) · cites this paper as [43]
Tricyclene is the only tricyclic monoterpenoid known from A. annua.
“Tricyclene ([508-32-7] [160339-05-9]) (375) [25,32,41,43,45] is the only tricyclic monoterpenoid known from A. annua.”
From The Biosynthesis of Artemisinin (Qinghaosu) and the Phytochemistry of Artemisia annua L. (Qinghao) (2010) · cites this paper as [43]
Sabinene hydrate and sabinol are two of the most abundant thujanes, both can be present at around 7% of the total essential oil.
“Two of the most abundant thujanes are sabinene hydrate (373) [34] and sabinol (371) [43], both of which can be present at around levels of 7% of the total essential oil.”
From The Biosynthesis of Artemisinin (Qinghaosu) and the Phytochemistry of Artemisia annua L. (Qinghao) (2010) · cites this paper as [43]
β-Farnesene is the most abundant member of the farnesane class of sesquiterpenes from A. annua.
“β-Farnesene (382) is the most abundant member of this class of sesquiterpenes [22,43]”
From The Biosynthesis of Artemisinin (Qinghaosu) and the Phytochemistry of Artemisia annua L. (Qinghao) (2010) · cites this paper as [43]
β-Caryophyllene is the most abundant member of the humulane/caryophyllane group of sesquiterpenes from A. annua.
“β-Caryophyllene (405) is the most abundant member of this group of sesquiterpenes [26,37,40,43,46]”
From The Biosynthesis of Artemisinin (Qinghaosu) and the Phytochemistry of Artemisia annua L. (Qinghao) (2010) · cites this paper as [43]
Compound (395) is the only example of a bicyclogermacrane sesquiterpene so far described from A. annua.
“Compound (395) ([24703-35-3]) is the only example of a bicyclogermacrane sesquiterpene so far described from A. annua [19,32,43,45,74].”
From The Biosynthesis of Artemisinin (Qinghaosu) and the Phytochemistry of Artemisia annua L. (Qinghao) (2010) · cites this paper as [43]
Germacrene D can constitute between 5-20% of the essential oil of A. annua.
“and can constitute between 5-20% of the essential oil [19,42,43]”
From The Biosynthesis of Artemisinin (Qinghaosu) and the Phytochemistry of Artemisia annua L. (Qinghao) (2010) · cites this paper as [43]
Nootkatone and valencene are currently reported from A. annua.
“Two eremophilanes: nootkatone (1(10),11-eremophiladiene-2-one [4674-50-4]) (430) [22,43] and valencene (1(10),11-eremophiladiene (4α,5α,7β) [4630-07-3]) (431) [28] are currently reported from A. annua.”
From The Biosynthesis of Artemisinin (Qinghaosu) and the Phytochemistry of Artemisia annua L. (Qinghao) (2010) · cites this paper as [43]
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- Authors
- Goel, D., Mallavarupu, G. R., Kumar, S., Singh, V., & Ali, M.
- Affiliations
- Jawaharlal Nehru University (IN)
- Jamia Hamdard (IN)
- Venue
- Journal of Essential Oil Research
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2008-03
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 147-152
- ISSN
- 1041-2905 (ISSN-L)
- 2163-8152
- OpenAlex
- W2069376614
- Cited by
- 16
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2023: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2020: 1 · 2018: 1 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 1.60
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Essential Oil Research (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Essential Oils and Antimicrobial Activity
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Insect Pest Control Strategies
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Plant biochemistry and biosynthesis
- Keywords
- Artemisia annua, essential oil composition, monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, diterpenoids, artemisia ketone, 1,8-cineole, camphor, hybrid origin, ornamental cultivars, volatile metabolites
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