The DOI matches its Crossref record.
Myofibrillar Damage Following Intense Eccentric Exercise in Man
Abstract
Muscle soreness that has a delayed onset is a common feature among both athletes and untrained individuals who engage in unusual exercises. This study was designed to provide additional morphological data to assess the relevance and significance of our previous findings that the sore muscles contain fibers with disorganized myofibrillar material. Muscle biopsies were obtained from 12 males (mean age 25 +/- 7 years), who suffered from severe soreness in their thigh muscles 18--72 h following eccentric bicycle exercise. Their strength performance were tested in parallel. Knee extensor strength was decreased at all angular velocities soon after exercise but gradually increased over the subsequent days although slower at the fastest contractions. Disturbances of the cross-striated band pattern were constantly observed. They originated from the myofibrillar Z-band, which showed marked streaming, broadening and, at places, total disruption. The disturbances were found in every second to every third fiber up to 3 days after exercise and in one tenth of the fibers 6 days following the exercise. Type 2 fibers were predominantly affected. Thus, the eccentric exercise gives rise to muscles soreness and influences, on mechanical basis and selectively with regard to fiber type, the fine structure of the contractile apparatus.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“As the normal progression of damage and regeneration processes occur, disruptions to sarcomeric (contractile apparatus) and sarcolemmal (membrane) structures have been observed within days of the eccentric exercise bout (35, 55, 56).”
From Phytoecdysteroids Accelerate Recovery of Skeletal Muscle Function Following in vivo Eccentric Contraction-Induced Injury in Adult and Old Mice (2021) · cites this paper as [56]
Citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 801–900 of 999
RE-EVALUATION OF EXERCISE-INDUCED MUSCLE SORENESS An Immunohistochemical and Ultrastructural Study
Yu, J. (2003) · KTH Publication Database DiVA (KTH Royal Institute of Technology) · Cited by 2
THORACIC OUTLET SYNDROME*: An Overview
Mackinnon, S. E., Patterson, G. A., & Novak, C. B. (1999) · Chest Surgery Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s1052-3359(25)00450-8 · Cited by 2
Johansson, C. (1987) · DiVA at Umeå University (Umeå University) · Cited by 2
(1987) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(87)91550-9 · Cited by 2
Grigor, J., Millar, A. P., Bell, D. S., et al. (1986) · The Medical Journal of Australia · doi:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1986.tb101107.x · Cited by 2
Leo, V. D., Lawless, C., Roussel, M., Gomes, T. M. B., Gorman, G. S., Russell, O. M., Tuppen, H. A. L., Duchesne, É., & Vincent, A. E. (2023) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2023.01.20.23284552 · Cited by 2
“It is known that strength training results in hypertrophy of SKM fibers, which could be mediated by the PGC-1α4 isoform, the master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis [51, 52].”
BackgroundCurrent View on Muscle Hypertrophy: Sarcomerogenesis
Ateş, O., ÇİFTÇİ, E., & KARLIK, E. (2021) · Avrasya Spor Bilimleri ve Eğitim Dergisi · doi:10.47778/ejsse.957282 · Cited by 1
Rai, A., Bhati, P., Pal, S., & Anand, P. C. (2024) · Comparative Exercise Physiology · doi:10.1163/17552559-20231014 · Cited by 1
Ducas, J., Pano-Rodríguez, Á., Vadez, G., & Abboud, J. (2024) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-024-05678-x · Cited by 1
“This increase sensitivity suggests potential inflammatory processes or tissue damage (sarcomeres) over the whole lumbar region (Latremoliere and Woolf 2009; Friden et al. 1983).”
Impact of Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage on Balance: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Rad, N. F., Singh, U., & Doma, K. (2025) · Journal of Science in Sport and Exercise · doi:10.1007/s42978-024-00325-5 · Cited by 1
Hansell, E. J., Reynolds, K. M., Škarabot, J., James, L. J., Clifford, T., & Thorley, J. (2025) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-025-05936-6 · Cited by 1
“Spe-cifically, repeated overstretching during eccentric loading leads to morphological disruption of sarcomeres, including damage to Z-lines (Friden et al. 1983)—the anchoring regions where titin connects to the M-line and contributes to sarcomerogenesis and myofibrillar assembly (Prado et al. 2005).”
The effects of concentric and eccentric exercise performed at long muscle length on muscle damage
Karyofyllidou, A. V., Terzis, G. D., Mandalidis, D. G., et al. (2025) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640414.2025.2577034 · Cited by 1
“Exercise-induced muscle damage is a well-documented outcome of unaccustomed eccentric exercise (Friden et al., 1983; Jamurtas et al., 2005; Kirwan et al., 1992; Lieber & Friden, 1988; Schwane et al., 1983).”
McManus, C., Murray, K., Welbourn, E., Double, J., Chung, H., Waterworth, S., Jones, B., & Cooper, C. E. (2026) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0341963 · Cited by 1
“…the blunted desaturation and slower desaturation rate we observed at 1 hour may reflect a relative increase in O ₂ availability for a given metabolic demand, driven by a combination of altered motor unit recruitment, muscle oedema and local vascular dysfunction in the damaged tissue [19,45].”
Lecharte, T., Leboeuf, F., Gross, R., et al. (2026) · Gait & Posture · doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2026.110159 · Cited by 1
Ducas, J., Véret, C., Gauthier‐Wong, É., et al. (2026) · European Journal of Pain · doi:10.1002/ejp.70264 · Cited by 1
Greer, B. K. (2006) · Cited by 1
High-Velocity Thrust Technique for Traumatic Onset Lateral Elbow Pain
Windsor, B. A. (2006) · Journal of Manual & Manipulative Therapy · doi:10.1179/106698106790820845 · Cited by 1
Food deprivation decreases the exertion-induced acid hydrolase response in mouse skeletal muscle
Kihlstr�m, M., Salminen, A., & Vihko, V. (1988) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/bf00640659 · Cited by 1
Exertional rhabdomyolysis: Evaluation and management
Meyer, R. S., & Mubarak, S. J. (1995) · Operative Techniques in Sports Medicine · doi:10.1016/s1060-1872(95)80029-8 · Cited by 1
Manipulating the Extent of Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness
Sforzo, G. A., Dubey, A., & Swensen, T. C. (2011) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/01.mss.0000401017.63694.06 · Cited by 1
“lt is uniformly believed that the immediate postexercise reductions in PT are attributed to fatigue but later reductions are due to myofibrillar damage (Friden et al., 1983).”
BackgroundTabrizi, K. G., Sahebazamani, M., & Mohammadi, H. (2012) · DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) · Cited by 1
Skeletal Muscle Physiology and Its Application to Occupational Ergonomics
Cutlip, R. G., & Chiou, S. (2012) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/b11717-4 · Cited by 1
Seeking Optimal Acute Exercise Intensities Based on the Blood Lipid and Inflammation
Park, D., KIm, K., & Kim, Y.-J. (2011) · Korean Journal of Sport Science · doi:10.24985/kjss.2011.22.2.1813 · Cited by 1
Danielsson, T., CARLSSON, J., ten Siethoff, L., et al. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-57842-w · Cited by 1
Mata, S. G., Ovejero, A. M. H., & Grande, M. M. (1996) · Cited by 1
Pectoralis Major Tendon Rupture in a Spastic Hemiplegic Shoulder
Zainudin, M. F., Yee, M. A., & Aziz, A. F. A. (2024) · American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation · doi:10.1097/phm.0000000000002525 · Cited by 1
NTOS and Repetitive Trauma Disorders
Pascarelli, E. F. (2013) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4471-4366-6_14 · Cited by 1
Grundlagen der Kraftdiagnostik
Schlumberger, A., & Schmidtbleicher, D. (2004) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-18626-4_5 · Cited by 1
Serum Muscle Enzymes in Neuromuscular Disease
Ansari, R., & Katirji, B. (2013) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-6567-6_3 · Cited by 1
Gavin, J. P., Myers, S., & Willems, M. E. T. (2018) · The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness · doi:10.23736/s0022-4707.16.06644-5 · Cited by 1
Leite, F. R. J. (2020) · Research & Investigations in Sports Medicine · doi:10.31031/rism.2020.06.000635 · Cited by 1
“Indeed, the training seems to provide adaptations in the myofibrillar structure and in other cellular compartments which, consequently, reduce the muscle damage and the consequent tissue inflammatory response [6].”
BackgroundApostolopoulos, N. C. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-96800-1_2 · Cited by 1
Nozari, V., & Zare, A. (2020) · Pajouhan Scientific Journal · doi:10.52547/psj.18.4.17 · Cited by 1
Welman, K. E. (2011) · SUNScholar (Stellenbosch University) · Cited by 1
Role of β-Hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) on inflammation after eccentric exercise
Vulcan, P. R. (2012) · Iowa State University Digital Repository (Iowa State University) · doi:10.31274/etd-180810-198 · Cited by 1
“The ultrastructure of damaged muscle fibers show disrupted sarcomeres, widening and irregularity of cross striations, and Z-band streaming (14, 19, 28).”
BackgroundPlant Glycosides are Natural Prodrugs - Role of Human Intestinal Flora -
Kobashi, K. (2004) · Journal of Ginseng Research · doi:10.5142/jgr.2004.28.1.001 · Cited by 1
Muscular Pain Mechanisms: Brief Review with Special Consideration of Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness
Mizumura, K. (2008) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-4-431-73242-6_12 · Cited by 1
McHugh, M. P. (1999) · Bangor University Research Portal (Bangor University) · Cited by 1
Valor diagnóstico de las miosinas séricas en las lesiones musculares
Balius, R., Estruch, A. T., Guerrero, M., et al. (2005) · Apunts Sports Medicine · doi:10.1016/s1886-6581(05)76095-3 · Cited by 1
Moroz, L. L. (2000) · Microscopy Research and Technique · doi:10.1002/1097-0029(20000615)49:6 · Cited by 53
Commonly Consumed Oral Herbal Supplements Do Not Influence Satellite Cell Activity
Fernyhough, M. E., VIERCK, J. L., Helterline, D., Dodson, M. V., Bucci, L. R., & Feliciano, J. (2004) · Research in Sports Medicine · doi:10.1080/15438620490460440 · Cited by 1
“2003 ; Fernyhough unpublished observations), whose activity is necessary for regulating aspects of postnatal myofiber hypertrophy ( Allen, Merkel, and Young 1979 ; Rosenblatt, Yong, and Parry 1994 )? Think of the potential physiology that is found in muscles of those who are active in resistance training (bodybuilding…”
Lee, H. (2008) · Korean Journal of Sport Biomechanics · doi:10.5103/kjsb.2008.18.4.021 · Cited by 1
Willems, M. E. T., & Northcott, S. R. (2009) · Medicina Sportiva · doi:10.2478/v10036-009-0007-4 · Cited by 1
“Fast-twitch muscle fibers are thought to be susceptible for eccentric contraction-induced injury than slow-twitch muscle fibers (50) and differences in fiber type distributions in individual knee extensor muscles between males and females were reported (28,51) but were not found by others (52).”
BackgroundTHE EFFECTS OF HAMSTRING DELAYED ONSET MUSCLE SORENESS ON FUNCTIONAL KNEE JOINT STABILITY
Smink, K. A. (2003) · Cited by 1
Santala, J. (2011) · Jyväskylä University Digital Archive (University of Jyväskylä) · Cited by 1
Neuromuscular regulation and metabolism during exercise.
MORITANI, T. (1990) · The Annals of physiological anthropology · doi:10.2114/ahs1983.9.225 · Cited by 1
Lesão por estiramento do músculo Soleus: estudo experimental em ratos
Pachioni, C. A. S. (2017) · doi:10.11606/d.82.2017.tde-17102017-121517 · Cited by 1
Neuromechanics of the Initial Phase of Eccentric Contraction‐Induced Muscle Injury
Grabiner, M. D. (2000) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470693797.ch28 · Cited by 1
Billat, V. (2017) · De Boeck Supérieur eBooks · doi:10.3917/dbu.billa.2017.01.0277 · Cited by 1
Hicks, K.-M. (2026) · e-space (Manchester Metropolitan University) · doi:10.83056/mmu.32435475
Xin, L. (2021) · ScholarWorks@UMassAmherst (University of Massachusetts Amherst) · doi:10.7275/6955133.0
The mechanical and neurophysiological changes that accompany exercise-induced muscle injury
Leger, A. B. (1997) · Library and Archives Canada (Government of Canada)
Muscle damage and adaptation in response to plyometric jumping
Isaacs, A. W. (2012) · SUNScholar (Stellenbosch University)
The Effects of Eccentric and Concentric Exercise on Carbohydrate Metabolism
Οικονόμου, Δ., Σακελλαρίου, Γ., Theodorou, A. A., Πασχάλης, Β., Νικολαΐδης, Μ., & Τζιαμούρτας, Α. (2015) · Inquiries in sport and physical education
Scherff, J. R. (2010) · doi:10.31274/etd-180810-160
“Results from Friden et al. (1983) provided additional evidence when they recorded that zband streaming and broadening occurred more in type II than type I muscle fibers.”
BackgroundSatellite cells in skeletal muscle atrophy and hypertrophy
Snijders, T. (2014) · Research Publications (Maastricht University) · doi:10.26481/dis.20141218ts
Effects of hypoxia on exercise induced muscle damage
Farr, T. (2006) · Australasian Journal of Paramedicine
ANÁLISE POR IMAGEM DE ULTRASSONOGRAFIA DO DANO MUSCULAR NOS FLEXORES DE COTOVELO DE MULHERES JOVENS
Radaelli, R. (2010) · Lume (Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul)
Effects and Mechanisms of Female Sex Hormone Influence on Skeletal Muscle Inflammation
Iqbal, S. (2008) · Scholars Commons (Wilfrid Laurier University)
Role of Contraction-Induced Injury in Age-Related Muscle Wasting and Weakness
Faulkner, J. A., Mendias, C. L., Davis, C. S., & Brooks, S. V. (2010) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-90-481-9713-2_16
“These early protocols involved repeatedly stepping up with one leg and down with the other leg on and off a fairly high stool (Newham et al. 1983a, b), raising and lowering a weight with forearm flexion and extension (Newham et al. 1987), and resisting the reverse-rotation of the pedals of a bicycle ergometer ( Friden…”
BackgroundPostnatal Changes in Muscle Contractile Tension of Rat Superficial Masseter Muscle
Mikawa, M. (1994) · Shōwa Shigakkai zasshi/Showa Shigakkai zasshi · doi:10.11516/dentalmedres1981.14.150
The effect of high and low contraction velocity training on cross education and muscle hypertrophy
Farthing, J. P. (2001) · University Library - University of Saskatchewan (University of Saskatchewan)
Exercise Based- Pain Relief Program
Zadeh, M. H. (2015) · VBN Forskningsportal (Aalborg Universitet) · doi:10.5278/vbn.phd.med.00036
ANALYSIS OF EXERCISE-INDUCED MUSCLE SORENESS AND ELECTROMYOGRAPHIC CHANGES
Sato, T. Z., Miyazaki, M., & Seki, K. (1997) · ISBS - Conference Proceedings Archive
The development of a novel rugby league match simulation protocol
Sykes, D. T. (2019) · ChesterRep (University of Chester) · doi:10.17638/03062861
ENHANCED SKELETAL MUSCLE HEALING AND REGENERATION BY RAT SKELETAL MUSCLE EXTRACT
Li, M., Lee, K. K., Yu, Z., Cai, D., Wong, L. M., Rolf, C., Lee, K. M., & Chan, K.-M. (2000) · Journal of Musculoskeletal Research · doi:10.1142/s021895770000029x
The effects of exercise-induced muscle damage on endurance performance
Burt, D. (2013) · ChesterRep (University of Chester)
Franklin, M. E., Currier, D. P., Smith, S. T., et al. (1991) · Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy · doi:10.2519/jospt.1991.13.6.310
Z-DISK STREAMING DOES NOT NECESSARILY ACCOMPANY MUSCLE INJURY AFTER ECCENTRIC CONTRACTIONS
n, J. F., Shah, S. B., Sam, M., et al. (1999) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1097/00005768-199905001-00184
Medial Gastrocnemius Ultrasound Imaging of Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness over time
Lee, W., Cho, K. H., Lee, K.-S., et al. (2012) · Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society · doi:10.5762/kais.2012.13.6.2632
“지연성근통증은 운동 생리학, 스포츠, 재활 등의 연구 분야에서 많은 관심을 받아 다양한 연구가 진행되어 왔 으며[4], 증상에 대한 발생 메커니즘[5-7], 치료적 중재방 법과 예방전략[8-12]에 관해 다양한 조사가 이루어졌다.”
October 1989 Letters to the Editor-in-Chief
Cerny, F., Stanton, P., & Purdam, C. R. (1989) · Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy · doi:10.2519/jospt.1989.11.4.135
Membrane and Subcellular Muscle Injury Are Induced by Single or Multiple Exposure to Cigarette Smoke
Fleig-Mayer, A. M., Ramírez-Sarmiento, A., Iglesias, A., et al. (2014) · Open Journal of Pathology · doi:10.4236/ojpathology.2014.43019
“Numerous studies in both animal models and humans have shown that exertion can injure the limb muscles, [10] and this phenomenon may involve several mechanical and metabolic processes [11] [21] [22].”
BackgroundInfluentialApport de l’isocinétisme dans les tendinopathies du sportif : revue de la littérature
Zouita, A., Lebib, S., Dziri, C., et al. (2008) · Journal de Traumatologie du Sport · doi:10.1016/j.jts.2008.05.008
Isocinétisme et douleurs musculaires d'apparition retardée
Hody, S., Rogister, B., Leprince, P., Crielaard, J., Lacrosse, Z., & Croisier, J. ‐. (2014) · Movement & Sport Sciences - Science & Motricité · doi:10.1051/sm/2013103
Washam, M. C., & Thompson, W. R. (1993) · Sports medicine, training, and rehabilitation/Sports medicine, training and rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/15438629309511991
Comparison of Biomechanical and Anatomical Effects Following Eccentric and Concentric Exertions
Chourasia, A. O., Sesto, M. E., Jung, Y., et al. (2005) · Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting · doi:10.1177/154193120504901405
Skeletal muscle repair after micro-damage : effect of ice therapy on satellite cell activation
van Tubbergh, K. (2005) · SUNScholar (Stellenbosch University)
Hernandez, S. G. (2010) · LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas)
Review Do muscles function as adaptable locomotor springs?
Lindstedt, S. L., Reich, T. E., Keim, P., et al. (2002)
유도선수들의 반복운동이 혈중 코티졸과 지질과산화 및 creatine kinase 활성에 미치는 영향
Paik, I. Y., YiSub, K., & 이문열 (2004) · JoLS Journal of Life Sciences
Brathwaite, R. (2004) · SMARTech Repository (Georgia Institute of Technology)
Wassmansdorf, R. (2012) · LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas)
Eksteen, G. (2006) · SUNScholar (Stellenbosch University)
Jones, R., & Todd, A. I. (2013) · Journal of science and medicine in sport · doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2013.10.230
Enhanced skeletal muscle healing and regeneration by purified novel mitogen(s) from rat
Li, M., Jiao, Z. X., Cai, D. Q., Lee, K. H., Liu, M. J., & Chan, K.-M. (2002) · Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC) · doi:10.1109/iembs.1998.745251
Evaluation of offset analgesia in deep muscle pain
Brøndum, P., & Holt, M. D. (2014)
The impact ofarepeated bout ofeccentric exercise on muscularstrength, musclesorenessandcreatine
SmithPhD, L. L., Holbert, D., HoumardPhD, J. A., et al. (1994)
Bendahan, D., Marqueste, T., Giannesini, B., Fur, Y. L., Cozzone, P. J., Urso, M. L., Weir, A., Verhaar, J. A. N., Hamilton, B. H., Maas, M. M., et al. (2015)
different modes on tendon elasticity in vivo Influences of repetitive muscle contractions with
Kanehisa, H., Kawakami, Y., Fukunaga, T., Dempsey, J. A., Romer, L. M., Haverkamp, H. C., Amann, M., Lovering, A. T., Pegelow, D. F., Peltonen, J. T., et al. (2005)
REVIEW ARTICLE PHYSIOLOGICAL CHANGES IN SKELETAL MUSCLE AS A RESULT OF STRENGTH TRAINING
Jones, D. A., Rutherford, M. H., & Parker, D. (2014)
Wilkerson, D. P., Twist, C., JONES, A. M., et al. (2015)
soreness: a randomised controlled trial Ice-water immersion and delayed-onset muscle
Sellwood, K., Brukner, P. D., Williams, D. A., et al. (2007)
TakahirO, K. (2010)
The effect of eccentric exercise-induced muscle injury on vascular function and muscle blood flow
Stacy, M. R. (2011) · OhioLink ETD Center (Ohio Library and Information Network)
Ayuso, M., & Francisco, J. (2016) · LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas)
Pathophysiology of Throwing Injuries
Thomas, S. J., Kibler, W. B., & Sciascia, A. D. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-25103-5_1
The effect of microcurrent stimulation on exercise-induced muscle soreness in a human injury model
Laurence, T. F. (2009) · cIRcle (University of British Columbia) · doi:10.14288/1.0077171
Metadata
- Authors
- Fridén, J., Sjöström, M., & Ekblom, B.
- Affiliations
- Karolinska Institutet (SE)
- ORCID
- Venue
- International Journal of Sports Medicine
- Publisher
- Georg Thieme Verlag KG
- Published
- 1983-08
- Volume
- 04
- Issue
- 03
- Pages
- 170-176
- ISSN
- 0172-4622 (ISSN-L)
- 1439-3964
- OpenAlex
- W2006955286
- Cited by
- 1,005
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 31 · 2019: 27 · 2018: 33 · 2017: 26 · 2016: 28 · 2015: 29 · 2014: 33 · 2013: 37 · 2012: 35
- FWCI
- 15.43
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- International Journal of Sports Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Muscular Dystrophy Association
- Vetenskapsrådet
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Exercise and Physiological Responses
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Muscle Physiology and Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Keywords
- delayed onset muscle soreness, eccentric exercise, myofibrillar damage, muscle fiber ultrastructure, fast-twitch muscle, quadriceps strength, muscle strength recovery, exercise-induced muscle damage, thigh muscle
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Biopsy, Physical Exertion, Humans, Knee, Male, Microscopy, Electron, Mitochondria, Muscle, Muscle Contraction, Myofibrils, Pain, Time Factors
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review