The DOI matches its Crossref record; 59 of the 60 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Metformin for the Treatment of the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Abstract
A 23-year-old woman with the polycystic ovary syndrome presents for evaluation and possible treatment. She has a family history of diabetes, is obese, and has impaired glucose tolerance. Metformin therapy is recommended. Metformin increases insulin sensitivity and may reduce the risk of diabetes. In the polycystic ovary syndrome, long-term metformin treatment may increase ovulation, improve menstrual cyclicity, and reduce serum androgen levels.
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In the citing paper
“It is known in other populations to prevent weight gain and appearstoassistwithweightloss,topreventandmanageDM2,gestational diabetes, fatty liver, and reduce cardiovascular disease in DM2 (Lord et al. , 2003; Desilets et al. , 2008; Nestler, 2008; Batra et al. , 2009; NieuwenhuisRuifrok et al. , 2009; Oppelt et al. , 2010; Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group, 2012; Viollet et al. , 2012)”
From Metformin and lifestyle modification in polycystic ovary syndrome: systematic review and meta-analysis (2015) · cites this paper as Nestler, 2008
In the citing paper
“and is currently classified as category B in the United States and as category C in Australia (247, 248).”
From Metformin, the Aspirin of the 21st Century: Its Role in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, Prevention of Preeclampsia and Cancer, and the Promotion of Longevity (2017) · cites this paper as [248]
In the citing paper
“Maternal side-effects reported with the use of metformin are mainly gastro-intestinal, i.e., nausea and diarrhea(248).”
From Metformin, the Aspirin of the 21st Century: Its Role in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, Prevention of Preeclampsia and Cancer, and the Promotion of Longevity (2017) · cites this paper as [248]
Citations
Cites
Expert Panel on Detection, E. (2001) · JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association · doi:10.1001/jama.285.19.2486 · Cited by 26,011
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin
(2002) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa012512 · Cited by 19,011
Grundy, S. M., Cleeman, J. I., Daniels, S. R., Donato, K. A., Eckel, R. H., Franklin, B. A., Gordon, D. J., Krauss, R. M., Savage, P. J., Smith, S. C., et al. (2005) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.105.169404 · Cited by 11,961
The Rotterdam ESHRE/ASRM-sponsored PCOS consensus workshop group (2004) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/deh098 · Cited by 6,138
Profound Peripheral Insulin Resistance, Independent of Obesity, in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Dunaif, A., Segal, K. R., Futterweit, W., & Dobrjansky, A. (1989) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diab.38.9.1165 · Cited by 1,967
Ramachandran, A., Snehalatha, C., Mary, S., Mukesh, B., Bhaskar, A. D., Vijay, V., & Indian Diabetes Prevention Programme (IDPP) (2006) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-005-0097-z · Cited by 1,881
Knochenhauer, E. S., Key, T. J., Kahsar-Miller, M., Waggoner, W., Boots, L. R., & Azziz, R. (1998) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.83.9.5090 · Cited by 1,759
Legro, R. S. (1999) · Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.84.1.165 · Cited by 1,743
Bailey, C. J., & Turner, R. C. (1996) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199602293340906 · Cited by 1,726
Grundy, S. M., Cleeman, J. I., Daniels, S. R., Donato, K. A., Eckel, R. H., Franklin, B. A., Gordon, D. J., Krauss, R. M., Savage, P. J., Smith, S. C., et al. (2005) · Cardiology in Review · doi:10.1097/01.crd.0000380842.14048.7e · Cited by 1,600
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 60 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 4
- 10.1210/jc.87.5.2013 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1210/jc.87.2.742 · DOI
- 10.1210/jc.83.6.2001 · DOI · Paper page
- 2005, Endocr Pract, 11, 126
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 301–313 of 313
Bibi, M., Rubin, S. C., Noruzi, K. A., Stern, R., Sashitzky, S., Steinhart, A., & Keltz, M. D. (2026) · Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics · doi:10.1007/s10815-025-03778-x
Metformin Antibacterial Activity on Vaginal Isolates in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
Salman, H. D. (2025) · Academia Open · doi:10.21070/acopen.10.2025.13026
Ni, X., Fan, L., Xie, J., Zhou, J., Wang, Y., & Yang, Y. (2026) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-8721360/v1
Drug Repurposing of Aspirin and Metformin with Special Reference to Colorectal Cancer Mitigation
Talukder, P., Mukherjee, A., Sinha, B., Mishra, M., Datta, S., & Sengupta, S. (2026) · BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS eBooks · doi:10.2174/9798898814533126010010
Weight‐Lowering Drugs and Natural Female Fertility—A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Alnaimi, S. J., Alsugeir, D. M., Wei, L., Harvey, K., & Brauer, R. (2026) · Clinical Obesity · doi:10.1111/cob.70092 · Cited by 1
Acar, B. C., & Berkel, Ç. (2026) · Özgür Yayınları eBooks · doi:10.58830/ozgur.pub1358.c5476
Varra, F., Theodosis‐Nobelos, P., Varra, V., & Varras, M. N. (2026) · Medicina · doi:10.3390/medicina62081445
Conceito, epidemiologia e fisiopatologia aplicada à prática clínica
Rosa-e-Silva, A. C. J. D. S. (2019) · Femina · doi:10.61622/0100-7254479201901
Firdose, K. F., Shameem, I., & Begum, W. (2026) · Clinical Traditional Medicine and Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ctmp.2026.200305
Jiao, H., Hua, G. U. O., & Liu, J. (2026) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2026.1909495
The Effect of PCOS on Fertility and Pregnancy
Salley, K. E. S., & Nestler, J. E. (2009) · Humana Press eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-60327-250-6_10
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Nestler, J. E.
- Affiliations
- Virginia Commonwealth University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Nestler, John E.
- Venue
- New England Journal of Medicine
- Publisher
- Massachusetts Medical Society
- Published
- 2008-01-03
- Volume
- 358
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 47-54
- ISSN
- 0028-4793 (ISSN-L)
- 1533-4406
- OpenAlex
- W2100076759
- Semantic Scholar
- f4b14c6984a40041406cef4211cbef144350d0fb
- Cited by
- 313
- References
- 60
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 26 · 2012: 27
- FWCI
- 3.62
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- New England Journal of Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- VCU Scholars Compass (Virginia Commonwealth University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Public Health Service (K24D040237)
- Fogarty International Center (D43TW007692)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01HD035629)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Ovarian function and disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic and Kidney Cyst Diseases
- Keywords
- metformin, polycystic ovary syndrome, insulin sensitivity, impaired glucose tolerance, obesity, diabetes risk, ovulation, menstrual cyclicity, androgen reduction
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Female, Humans, Hypoglycemic Agents, Insulin Resistance, Cholesterol, LDL, Metformin, Obesity, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, Triglycerides, Practice Guidelines as Topic
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