The DOI matches its Crossref record; 41 of the 41 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 1 of the 20 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
Effects of Losartan on Renal and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Nephropathy
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Diabetic nephropathy is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease. Interruption of the renin-angiotensin system slows the progression of renal disease in patients with type 1 diabetes, but similar data are not available for patients with type 2, the most common form of diabetes. We assessed the role of the angiotensin-II-receptor antagonist losartan in patients with type 2 diabetes and nephropathy. METHODS: A total of 1513 patients were enrolled in this randomized, double-blind study comparing losartan (50 to 100 mg once daily) with placebo, both taken in addition to conventional antihypertensive treatment (calcium-channel antagonists, diuretics, alpha-blockers, beta-blockers, and centrally acting agents), for a mean of 3.4 years. The primary outcome was the composite of a doubling of the base-line serum creatinine concentration, end-stage renal disease, or death. Secondary end points included a composite of morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular causes, proteinuria, and the rate of progression of renal disease. RESULTS: A total of 327 patients in the losartan group reached the primary end point, as compared with 359 in the placebo group (risk reduction, 16 percent; P=0.02). Losartan reduced the incidence of a doubling of the serum creatinine concentration (risk reduction, 25 percent; P=0.006) and end-stage renal disease (risk reduction, 28 percent; P=0.002) but had no effect on the rate of death. The benefit exceeded that attributable to changes in blood pressure. The composite of morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular causes was similar in the two groups, although the rate of first hospitalization for heart failure was significantly lower with losartan (risk reduction, 32 percent; P=0.005). The level of proteinuria declined by 35 percent with losartan (P<0.001 for the comparison with placebo). CONCLUSIONS: Losartan conferred significant renal benefits in patients with type 2 diabetes and nephropathy, and it was generally well tolerated.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
1 of 20 cited sources checked · 1 supported · 0 flagged
The sources with a verdict support this claim; the rest weren’t checked yet, have no full text we could read, or their verdicts aren’t rated yet.
In the paper
“In this regard, it should be noted that in related studies in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes, 1,28,29 the benefits of captopril or irbesartan were not tested in the presence of concurrent calcium-channel-antagonist therapy.”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [1] source
- Supportedcites [28] source
The Randomization and Treatment Plan states that calcium-channel blockers were discontinued before screening and excluded as additional antihypertensive treatment. Irbesartan and the calcium-channel blocker amlodipine were assigned as separate regimens, so this type 2 diabetes study did not test irbesartan's benefit with concurrent calcium-channel-blocker therapy. The captopril study in type 1 diabetes is covered by the sentence's other citations, not this source. (LLM, conf=0.92)
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [29] source
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The level of proteinuria declined by 35 percent with losartan (P<0.001 for the comparison with placebo).”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Losartan also reduced the risk of end-stage renal disease by 28 percent (P=0.002)”
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“according to the per-protocol analysis, among the patients who continued to receive their assigned study treatment, losartan conferred a 22 percent reduction in the risk of the primary composite end point (P=0.008).”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We did find a significant difference in favor of losartan with regard to the rate of a first hospitalization for heart failure, a component of this secondary composite end point.”
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The risk of the combined end point of end-stage renal disease or death was 20 percent lower in the losartan group than in the placebo group (P=0.01)”
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In this population, losartan (plus conventional antihypertensive therapy) demonstrated excellent tolerability, similar to that of placebo (plus conventional antihypertensive therapy), as evidenced by the similar numbers of patients in the two groups in whom the study treatment was discontinued because of adverse events.”
Strength:boosted· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Treatment with losartan resulted in a 16 percent reduction in the risk of the primary composite end point (P= 0.02)”
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesThe paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Similarly, simultaneous therapy with calcium-channel antagonists did not detract from the beneficial effects of losartan, despite the recent controversy regarding the role of calcium-channel antagonists in the protection of the kidneys and the heart. 25-27”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Approximately one third of the patients had a fatal or nonfatal cardiovascular event (247 in the losartan group [32.9 percent] and 268 in the placebo group [35.2 percent]; risk reduction, 10 percent; P=0.26).”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
- It may state two separate claims as one. 14
- Probably not a substantial claim. 16
- The quote only partly states this claim. 1
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There was a difference between the number of myocardial infarctions in the losartan group (50 patients [6.7 percent]) and the number in the placebo group (68 patients [8.9 percent]; risk reduction, 28 percent), but this difference was not statistically significant (P=0.08).”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedn = 50Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There was a small, time-averaged difference in the trough blood pressure between the losartan group”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The quote only partly states this claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Approximately 20 percent of the patients died, but there was no significant difference in mortality between the two groups (P=0.88).”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Losartan also led to an average reduction in the level of proteinuria (the urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio) of 35 percent, whereas in the patients in the placebo group, the urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio tended to increase (P<0.001 for the overall treatment effect) (Fig. 3).”
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“mean arterial pressure, 95.9 mm Hg and 96.8 mm Hg, respectively [P=0.59]; pulse pressure, 66.7 mm Hg and 67 .4 mm Hg, respectively [P= 0.77]”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“mean arterial pressure, 99.1 mm Hg and 99.7 mm Hg, respectively [P= 0.38]; pulse pressure, 66.2 mm Hg and 67 .1 mm Hg, respectively [P=0.37]”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“mean arterial pressure, 100.9 mm Hg and 103.1 mm Hg, respectively [P<0.001]; pulse pressure, 67 .8 mm Hg and 69.8 mm Hg, respectively [P=0.05]”
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There were no significant differences in the rates of most of the cardiovascular end points; the exception was the first hospitalization with heart failure (89 patients in the losartan group [11.9 percent], as compared with 127 in the placebo group [16.7 percent]), for which the risk was reduced by 32 percent (P=0.005)”
- Also stated in: § A BSTRACT · p. 1 · plain
“although the rate of first hospitalization for heart failure was significantly lower with losartan (risk reduction, 32 percent; P=0.005)”
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § A BSTRACT · p. 1 · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“At base line, 93.5 percent of the patients (92.3 percent in the losartan group and 94.6 percent in the placebo group) were receiving antihypertensive therapy.”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The benefits of losartan were observed among our patients, many of whom were already receiving other therapies, such as aspirin, beta-blockers, and lipidlowering agents, as part of sound medical practice.”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Increased serum concentrations of creatinine or potassium led to the discontinuation of the study medication in 1.5 percent and 1.1 percent, respectively, of the patients in the losartan group, as compared with 1.2 percent and 0.5 percent of the patients in the placebo group.”
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Analyses of the primary and secondary end points were performed according to the intention-to-treat principle; we included data from all randomized patients (with the exception of three patients who were lost to follow-up), from the time of randomization through the date of study termination.”
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“An independent end-points committee whose members were unaware of the patients' treatment assignments reviewed the data to determine which patients had reached the end points.”
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“More patients discontinued the study treatment in the placebo group (53.5 percent) than in the losartan group (46.5 percent).”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedn = 1,513Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The Reduction of Endpoints in NIDDM with the Angiotensin II Antagonist Losartan Study was an investigator-initiated, multinational, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study designed to evaluate the renoprotective effects of losartan in 1513 patients with type 2 diabetes and nephropathy.”
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Because one interim analysis used a stopping boundary that was based on an alpha spending function of the O'Brien-Fleming type, 10 a critical P value of 0.048 was required for the primary hypothesis.”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [10] source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In a second, per-protocol analysis, we excluded patients who violated the criteria for inclusion and exclusion and censored patients' data 14 days after they permanently discontinued the study medication.”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The study protocol was approved by the institutional review board of each center, and all patients gave written informed consent.”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, the study was discontinued early (February 10, 2001) by a unanimous vote of the steering committee, whose members were unaware of the treatment assignments.”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We cannot exclude the possibility that this small difference had a beneficial effect on the renal outcomes.”
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“The Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation (HOPE) Study 32 and its substudy of patients with diabetes, MICRO-HOPE, 20 showed benefits of angiotensin-I-converting enzyme inhibition in terms of the signs and symptoms of heart failure but failed to show significant differences in hospitalizations for heart failure.”
What the sources say
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Previous studies involving angiotensin-I-converting enzyme inhibitors have demonstrated beneficial effects on proteinuria but have not demonstrated the superiority of blockade of the renin-angiotensin system in slowing the progression to end-stage renal disease over nonblockade forms of therapy. 14-20”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [14] Walker WG, 1992, J Am Soc Nephrol
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [15] source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [16] source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [17] source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [18] source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [19] Estacio RO, 2000, Diabetes Care
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [20] source
Load-bearingStrength:boosted· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Therefore, in the absence of a direct comparison between angiotensin-I-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II antagonists, any extrapolation from the results obtained with different classes of drugs is speculative at best.”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We were able to determine the status of all patients (except for three patients in the losartan group who could not be contacted) with respect to dialysis, transplantation, and death.”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedn = 3Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Subsequent hospitalizations for heart failure were not assessed.”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In addition, the Cox model accounts for the base-line level of proteinuria (which was a stratification factor) and the geographic region, as prespecified in the data analysis plan.”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The difference results in part from the fact that the Cox regression model accounts for the time at risk - i.e., the longer average follow-up in the losartan group than in the placebo group.”
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
The paper relies on this without support.
Diabetic nephropathy is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease.
“Diabetic nephropathy is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Type 2 diabetes is the most common form of diabetes.
“type 2, the most common form of diabetes”
The paper relies on this without support.
Similar data on interruption of the renin-angiotensin system are not available for patients with type 2 diabetes.
“similar data are not available for patients with type 2, the most common form of diabetes”
The paper relies on this without support.
Postponing end-stage renal disease in patients with type 2 diabetes remains an elusive goal.
“postponing end-stage renal disease in patients with type 2 diabetes, the leading cause of chronic renal failure in many countries, remains an elusive goal”
The paper relies on this without support.
Type 2 diabetes is the leading cause of chronic renal failure in many countries.
“type 2 diabetes, the leading cause of chronic renal failure in many countries”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source doesn’t support the claim as written.
In the citing paper
“In the IDNT trial, treatment with irbesartan compared with placebo resulted in a 33% decrease in the risk of doubling of serum creatinine concentration and was associated with a nonsigni fi cant reduction in the incidence of kidney failure, which was independent of blood pressure.”
From KDIGO 2022 Clinical Practice Guideline for Diabetes Management in Chronic Kidney Disease (2022) · cites this paper as [13]
Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Antihypertensive therapy reduces the risk of albuminuria (67)(68)(69)(70), and among people with type 1 or 2 diabetes with established CKD (eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73m 2 and UACR $300 mg/g creatinine), ACE inhibitor or ARB therapy reduces the risk of progression to ESKD (71)(72)(73)(74)(75)(76)(77)(78)(79)(80).”
From 11. Chronic Kidney Disease and Risk Management: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2025 (2025) · cites this paper as [71]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Treatment with angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) has been shown to prevent major adverse kidney outcomes in people with diabetes, and these drugs are recommended by clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of people with type 2 diabetes who have, or are at high risk of, kidney disease.[4][5][6][7][8]”
From SGLT2 inhibitors for the prevention of kidney failure in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2019) · cites this paper as [6]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“The only currently approved treatment for renoprotection in patients with type 2 diabetes is reninangiotensin system blockade, which was first shown to be effective 18 years ago.3,4”
From Canagliflozin and Renal Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes and Nephropathy (2019) · cites this paper as [3]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“However, a sustained ≥57% decrease in eGFR (equivalent to doubling of serum creatinine) was selected in FIDELITY because it is a classic outcome in diabetic nephropathy studies2 , 12–14 and is a more robust kidney failure surrogate outcome than a ≥40% decrease in eGFR, particularly when initial changes in eGFR occur.14 , 15”
From Cardiovascular and kidney outcomes with finerenone in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease: the FIDELITY pooled analysis (2022) · cites this paper as [13]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Antihypertensive therapy reduces the risk of albuminuria (68-71), and among people with type 1 or 2 diabetes with established CKD (eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73m 2 and UACR ≥300 mg/g creatinine), ACE inhibitor or ARB therapy reduces the risk of progression to kidney failure (72)(73)(74)(75)(76)(77)(78)(79)(80)(81).”
From 11. Chronic Kidney Disease and Risk Management: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2026 (2026) · cites this paper as [72]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“ACE inhibitors or ARBs are the preferred first-line agents for blood pressure treatment among people with diabetes, hypertension, eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73m 2 , and UACR ≥300 mg/g creatinine because of their proven benefits for prevention of CKD progression (72,73,75).”
From 11. Chronic Kidney Disease and Risk Management: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2026 (2026) · cites this paper as [72]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“This recommendation is based on RCTs where findings demonstrated decreased risk of CKD progression, for which patients with albuminuria are at elevated risk, with a maximally dosed RAS inhibitor compared with placebo or an active antihypertensive drug comparator (42–44).”
From Diabetes management in chronic kidney disease: a consensus report by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) (2022) · cites this paper as [42]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“In patients with diabetic kidney disease with increased levels of albuminuria, large placebo-controlled trials have shown that renin-angiotensin system (RAS) inhibitors,3–5 sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors,6,7 and the non-steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist finerenone8,9 all reduced the risk of progression to kidney failure.”
From Empagliflozin in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (2023) · cites this paper as [3]
The check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“In the IDNT trial, treatment with irbesartan compared with placebo resulted in a 33% decrease in the risk of doubling of serum creatinine concentration and was associated with a nonsigni fi cant reduction in the incidence of kidney failure, which was independent of blood pressure.”
From KDIGO 2022 Clinical Practice Guideline for Diabetes Management in Chronic Kidney Disease (2022) · cites this paper as [13]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“For many years, the only agents that had demonstrated benefit in slowing kidney disease progression were the renin angiotensin aldosterone system blockers of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) [11], [12], [13].”
From Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in diabetic kidney disease: a review of their kidney and heart protection (2023) · cites this paper as [11]
In the citing paper
“ARBs (irbesartan/telmisartan) also slowed progression from microalbuminuria (albuminuria stage A2) to overt nephropathy.708,709”
From 2023 ESC guidelines for the management of cardiovascular disease in patients with diabetes. (2023) · cites this paper as [708]
In the citing paper
“Antagonism of the RAAS with ACE inhibitors or AngII receptor blockers also attenuates, but may not completely halt, the progression of kidney injury in patients with obesity, hypertension and T2DM67,68.”
From Obesity, kidney dysfunction and hypertension: mechanistic links (2019) · cites this paper as [67]
In the citing paper
“Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB)s improve endothelium-dependent vasodilation and reduce morbidity and mortality in heart failure and nephropathy, including diabetic nephropathy.218-221”
From The Vasculature in Prediabetes (2018) · cites this paper as [219]
In the citing paper
“Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB)s improve endothelium-dependent vasodilation and reduce morbidity and mortality in heart failure and nephropathy, including diabetic nephropathy.218-221”
From The Vasculature in Prediabetes (2018) · cites this paper as [219]
In the citing paper
“ARBs have also been shown to reduce the rate of progression from micro- to macroalbuminuria as well as ESRD in patients with type 2 diabetes (234–236).”
From Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2009 (2009) · cites this paper as [235]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Mean follow-up of 3.4 years is not 42 months
MinorAt 12 months per year, 3.4 years is 40.8 months, not 42 months. Forty-two months is 3.5 years.
Reported 42 · recomputed 40.8
“The mean follow-up time was 3.4 years (42 months).”
Patients with prior heart failure were both excluded and included
MinorThe eligibility criteria excluded anyone with a history of heart failure before enrollment, but the paper later says 88 patients had preexisting heart failure at randomization. This affects the description of the population used for the heart-failure analysis.
“who had any history of heart failure before enrollment.”
“There were 88 patients (44 in each group) who had preexisting heart failure at the time of randomization.”
Citations
Cites
Nonparametric Estimation from Incomplete Observations
Kaplan, E. L., & Meier, P. (1992) · Springer series in statistics · doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-4380-9_25 · Cited by 45,239
Regression Models and Life-Tables
Cox, D. R. (1972) · Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B: Statistical Methodology · doi:10.1111/j.2517-6161.1972.tb00899.x · Cited by 39,793
Nonparametric Estimation from Incomplete Observations
Kaplan, E. L., & Meier, P. (1958) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.1080/01621459.1958.10501452 · Cited by 39,158
Regression Models and Life-Tables
Cox, D. R. (1992) · Springer Series in Statistics · doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-4380-9_37 · Cited by 26,297
Levey, A. S., Bosch, J. P., Lewis, J. B., Greene, T., Rogers, N., Roth, D., & for the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study Group* (1999) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-130-6-199903160-00002 · Cited by 15,079
(2000) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm200001203420301 · Cited by 8,663
The SOLVD Investigators* (1991) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199108013250501 · Cited by 8,029
Lewis, E. J., Hunsicker, L. G., Clarke, W. R., Berl, T., Pohl, M. A., Lewis, J. B., Ritz, E., Atkins, R. C., Rohde, R., & Raz, I. (2001) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa011303 · Cited by 5,987
The effect of angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibition on diabetic nephropathy
Lewis, E. J., Hunsicker, L. G., Bain, R. P., & Rohde, R. D. (1993) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199311113292004 · Cited by 5,394
(1992) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199209033271003 · Cited by 3,725
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 5
- Black HR, 1999, J Hypertens, 17, S3
- Levey AS, 2000, J Am Soc Nephrol, 11, 155A
- Walker WG, 1992, J Am Soc Nephrol, 3, 339
- Estacio RO, 2000, Diabetes Care, 23, B54
- Bauer JH, Reams GP. Antihypertensive drugs. In: Brenner BM, ed. The kidney. 6th ed. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders, 2000:2253-97.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 2,301–2,400 of 7,495
Vascular protection in diabetes: a pharmacological view of angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockers
Kintscher, U., & Unger, T. (2005) · Acta Diabetologica · doi:10.1007/s00592-005-0178-y · Cited by 34
Decrease in tetrahydrobiopterin as a possible cause of nephropathy in type II diabetic rats
Okumura, M., Masada, M., Yoshida, Y., Shintaku, H., Hosoi, M., Okada, N., Konishi, Y., Morikawa, T., Miura, K., & Imanishi, M. (2006) · Kidney International · doi:10.1038/sj.ki.5000431 · Cited by 34
Mallat, S. G. (2012) · Cardiovascular Diabetology · doi:10.1186/1475-2840-11-32 · Cited by 35
Antihypertensive Treatment and Multifactorial Approach for Renal Protection in Diabetes
Fioretto, P., & Solini, A. (2005) · Journal of the American Society of Nephrology · doi:10.1681/asn.2004110962 · Cited by 34
Relationship between Blood Glucose Control, Pathogenesis and Progression of Diabetic Nephropathy
Nosadini, R., & Tonolo, G. (2004) · Journal of the American Society of Nephrology · doi:10.1097/01.asn.0000093372.84929.ba · Cited by 34
AT 1 Receptor Blockade Improves Vasorelaxation in Experimental Renal Failure
Kööbi, P., Kalliovalkama, J., Jolma, P., et al. (2003) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/01.hyp.0000073782.30879.16 · Cited by 34
Berger, R. C. M., Vassallo, P. F., Crajoinas, R. O., Oliveira, M. L., Martins, F. L., Nogueira, B. V., Motta‐Santos, D., Araújo, I. B., Forechi, L., Girardi, A. C. C., et al. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0141288 · Cited by 33
Oh, Y. J., Kim, S. M., Shin, B. C., Kim, H. L., Chung, J. H., Kim, A. J., Ro, H., Chang, J. H., Lee, H. H., Chung, W., et al. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0170874 · Cited by 33
Datzmann, T., Fuchs, S., Andrée, D., Hohenstein, B., Schmitt, J. M., & Schindler, C. (2019) · European Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ejim.2019.04.019 · Cited by 35
Guías de práctica clínica sobre prevención de la enfermedad cardiovascular: Versión resumida
Graham, I. D., Atar, D., Borch‐Johnsen, K., Boysen, G., Burell, G. K., Cífková, R., Dallongeville, J., Backer, G. D., Ebrahim, S. B. J., Gjelsvik, B., et al. (2008) · Revista Española de Cardiología · Cited by 33
Cardiovascular Disease in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease
Weiner, D. E., & Sarnak, M. J. (2010) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-1-4377-0987-2.00010-8 · Cited by 35
Long-term hyperglucagonaemia induces early metabolic and renal phenotypes of Type 2 diabetes in mice
Li, X. C., Liao, T., & Zhuo, J. L. (2008) · Clinical Science · doi:10.1042/cs20070257 · Cited by 34
Slowing the progression of renal failure
Praga, M. (2002) · Kidney International · doi:10.1046/j.1523-1755.61.s80.5.x · Cited by 33
Siebenhofer, A., Plank, J., Horvath, K., Berghold, A., Sutton, A. J., Sommer, R., & Pieber, T. R. (2004) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1464-5491.2004.01122.x · Cited by 34
The angiotensin II type 2 receptor: What is its clinical significance?
Schulman, I. H., & Raij, L. R. (2008) · Current Hypertension Reports · doi:10.1007/s11906-008-0036-8 · Cited by 34
Renoprotective Effects of Losartan in Renal Transplant Recipients
Inigo, P. J., Campistol, J. M., Saracho, R., et al. (2003) · Nephron Clinical Practice · doi:10.1159/000074321 · Cited by 34
Role of angiotensin II in the progression of diabetic nephropathy--therapeutic implications
Więcek, A. (2003) · Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation · doi:10.1093/ndt/gfg1036 · Cited by 34
Franco, V., Oparil, S., & Carretero, O. A. (2004) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000132615.44103.b1 · Cited by 34
Brenner, B. M., & Zagrobelny, J. (2003) · Kidney International · doi:10.1046/j.1523-1755.63.s83.16.x · Cited by 34
Self-citationEffect of CPAP Therapy on Kidney Function in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease
Rimke, A. N., Ahmed, S. B., Turin, T. C., Pendharkar, S. R., Raneri, J. K., Lynch, E. J., & Hanly, P. J. (2021) · Chest · doi:10.1016/j.chest.2020.11.052 · Cited by 37
Mark, P. B., Carrero, J. J., Matsushita, K., Sang, Y., Ballew, S. H., Grams, M. E., Coresh, J., Surapaneni, A., Brunskill, N. J., Chalmers, J. P., et al. (2023) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehac825 · Cited by 35
Kelepouris, E., Peter, W. L. S., Neumiller, J. J., & Wright, E. E. (2023) · Diabetes Therapy · doi:10.1007/s13300-023-01416-2 · Cited by 37
Gunnarsson, S., Vito, O., & Unwin, R. J. (2025) · American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpcell.00499.2025 · Cited by 47
Whether vitamin D3 is effective in reducing proteinuria in type 2 diabetic patients?
Ahmadi, N., Mortazavi, M., Iraj, B., & Askari, G. (2013) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 33
Hypertension and Chronic Kidney Disease Progression: Why the Suboptimal Outcomes?
BIDANI, A. K., Griffin, K. A., & Epstein, M. (2012) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2012.04.008 · Cited by 34
Qin, J., Mei, W., Xie, Y., et al. (2015) · Kidney & Blood Pressure Research · doi:10.1159/000368485 · Cited by 33
The Familial Clustering of Renal Disease and Related Phenotypes
Satko, S. G., & Freedman, B. I. (2005) · Medical Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.mcna.2004.11.011 · Cited by 33
Uzu, T., Sakaguchi, M., Yokomaku, Y., Kume, S., Kanasaki, M., Isshiki, K., Araki, S., Sugiomoto, T., Koya, D., Haneda, M., et al. (2009) · Clinical and Experimental Nephrology · doi:10.1007/s10157-009-0157-7 · Cited by 33
Ozaki, R., Cheung, K. K.-T., Wu, E., Kong, A. P. S., Yang, X., Lau, E. S. H., Brunswick, P., Calvet, J., Deslypère, J. P., & Chan, J. C. N. (2011) · Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1089/dia.2011.0023 · Cited by 33
The Clinical Utility of SUDOSCAN in Chronic Kidney Disease in Chinese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Luk, A. O. Y., Fu, W.-C., Li, X., Ozaki, R., Chung, H. H. Y., Wong, R. Y. M., So, W., Chow, F. C. C., & Chan, J. C. N. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0134981 · Cited by 34
Update in Diabetic Nephropathy
Obineche, E., Adem, A., & Emirates, U. (2005) · International Journal of Diabetes and Metabolism · doi:10.1159/000497567 · Cited by 46
Predicting Progression in CKD: Perspectives and Precautions
Kadatz, M., Lee, E. S., & Levin, A. (2015) · American Journal of Kidney Diseases · doi:10.1053/j.ajkd.2015.11.007 · Cited by 33
Baroreflex activation therapy in patients with prior renal denervation
Wallbach, M., Halbach, M., Reuter, H., Passauer, J., Lüders, S., Böhning, E., Zenker, D., Muller, G. A., Wachter, R., & Koziolek, M. J. (2016) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/hjh.0000000000000949 · Cited by 31
Angiotensin II increases glomerular permeability by β-arrestin mediated nephrin endocytosis
Königshausen, E., Zierhut, U. M., Ruetze, M., Potthoff, S. A., Stegbauer, J., Woznowski, M., Quack, I., Rump, L. C., & Sellin, L. K. (2016) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep39513 · Cited by 35
Kuma, A., Uchino, B., Ochiai, Y., Kawashima, M., Enta, K., Tamura, M., Otsuji, Y., & Kato, A. (2018) · Clinical and Experimental Nephrology · doi:10.1007/s10157-017-1407-8 · Cited by 32
Li, P., Chen, Y., Lin, H., Ni, Z., Zhan, Y., Wang, R., Yang, H., Fang, J., Wang, N., Li, W., et al. (2017) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-016-1774-6 · Cited by 33
Zhao, Y., Wu, J., Zhang, M., Zhou, M., Xu, F., Zhu, X., Zhou, X., Lang, Y., Yang, F., Yun, S., et al. (2017) · Journal of Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1007/s00109-017-1547-z · Cited by 33
Salvador, G. L. O., Marmentini, V. M., Cosmo, W. R., & Emilton, L. (2017) · European Journal of Preventive Cardiology · doi:10.1177/2047487317728766 · Cited by 33
Major adverse renal events (MARE): a proposal to unify renal endpoints
Prischl, F. C., Rossing, P. R., Bakris, G. L., Mayer, G. J., & Wanner, C. (2019) · Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation · doi:10.1093/ndt/gfz212 · Cited by 35
MicroRNA Expression Profiling in Diabetic Kidney Disease
Ishii, H., Kaneko, S., Yanai, K., Aomatsu, A., Hirai, K., Ookawara, S., & Morishita, Y. (2021) · Translational research · doi:10.1016/j.trsl.2021.05.008 · Cited by 32
Chertow, G. M., Correa‐Rotter, R., Vart, P., Jongs, N., McMurray, J. J. V., Rossing, P. R., Langkilde, A. M., Sjöström, C. D., Toto, R. D., Wheeler, D. C., et al. (2023) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.122.028739 · Cited by 42
Role of Smad1 in diabetic nephropathy: Molecular mechanisms and implications as a diagnostic marker.
Abe, H., Matsubara, T., Arai, H., & Doi, T. (2011) · PubMed · doi:10.14670/hh-26.531 · Cited by 32
Kovell, L. C., Juraschek, S. P., & Russell, S. D. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0132228 · Cited by 34
Cardiovascular Disease in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease
Jaradat, M. I., & Molitoris, B. A. (2002) · Seminars in Nephrology · doi:10.1053/snep.2002.35964 · Cited by 34
Cheng, C. L., Tang, Y., Zheng, Z., Liu, X., Ye, Z. C., Wang, C., & Lou, T. (2012) · Clinical and investigative medicine · doi:10.25011/cim.v35i5.18701 · Cited by 33
Prognostic value of plasma renin activity in heart failure patients with chronic kidney disease
Poletti, R., Vergaro, G., Zyw, L., et al. (2012) · International Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2012.03.061 · Cited by 33
Mineralocorticoid Receptor Blockers and Chronic Kidney Disease
Jain, G., Campbell, R. C., & Warnock, D. G. (2009) · Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology · doi:10.2215/cjn.01340209 · Cited by 33
Targets to retard the progression of diabetic nephropathy
Cooper, M. E., Jandeleit-Dahm, K. A. M., & Thomas, M. C. (2005) · Kidney International · doi:10.1111/j.1523-1755.2005.00555.x · Cited by 32
Self-citationThe value of irbesartan in the management of hypertension
Bramlage, P., Durand‐Zaleski, I., Desai, N., Pirk, O., & Hacker, C. (2009) · Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1517/14656560903103820 · Cited by 33
Heerspink, H. J. L., Fowler, M. J., Volgi, J., Reutens, A. T., Klein, I., Herskovits, T., Packham, D., Fraser, I. R., Schwartz, S. L., Abaterusso, C., et al. (2007) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1464-5491.2007.02249.x · Cited by 33
Metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance and kidney function in non-diabetic individuals
Johns, B., Pao, A. C., & Kim, S. H. (2011) · Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation · doi:10.1093/ndt/gfr498 · Cited by 33
Losartan Chemistry and Its Effects via AT1 Mechanisms in the Kidney
Xu, F., Mao, C., Liu, Y., Wu, L., Xu, Z., & Zhang, L. (2009) · Current Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.2174/092986709789105000 · Cited by 33
Performance Measurement in Chronic Kidney Disease
Smith, K. A., & Hayward, R. A. (2011) · Journal of the American Society of Nephrology · doi:10.1681/asn.2010111152 · Cited by 35
Ribeiro, A. B. (2005) · Current Medical Research and Opinion · doi:10.1185/030079905x75041 · Cited by 33
Pyridoxamine, Advanced Glycation Inhibition, and Diabetic Nephropathy
Chen, J. L. T., & Francis, J. M. (2011) · Journal of the American Society of Nephrology · doi:10.1681/asn.2011111097 · Cited by 33
Masuda, T., Muto, S., Fujisawa, G., Iwazu, Y., Kimura, M., Kobayashi, T., Nonaka‐Sarukawa, M., Sasaki, N., Watanabe, Y., Shinohara, M., et al. (2012) · American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00663.2011 · Cited by 34
Viazzi, F. C., Bonino, B., Cappadona, F., & Pontremoli, R. (2016) · Internal and Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11739-016-1435-5 · Cited by 35
Elliott, W. J. (2008) · Yearbook of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0145-4145(08)05014-4 · Cited by 32
Rauch, G., Kunzmann, K., Kieser, M., Wegscheider, K., König, J., & zu Eulenburg, C. (2017) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.7531 · Cited by 33
Flemming, K. D., & Brown, R. D. (2004) · Mayo Clinic Proceedings · doi:10.4065/79.10.1330 · Cited by 33
Losartan in patients with type 2 diabetes and proteinuria: Observations from the RENAAL Study
Shahinfar, S., Dickson, T. Z., Ahmed, T., Zhang, Z., Ramjit, D. R., Smith, R. D., & Brenner, B. M. (2002) · Kidney International · doi:10.1046/j.1523-1755.62.s82.13.x · Cited by 33
Self-citationToto, R. D., & Palmer, B. F. (2007) · American Journal of Nephrology · doi:10.1159/000112269 · Cited by 31
Baroletti, S. A., Gabardi, S., Magee, C., & Milford, E. L. (2003) · Pharmacotherapy The Journal of Human Pharmacology and Drug Therapy · doi:10.1592/phco.23.6.788.32180 · Cited by 33
Recent Advances in the Emerging Therapeutic Strategies for Diabetic Kidney Diseases
Huang, W., Chen, Y., Li, Z., He, F., & Zhang, C. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms231810882 · Cited by 33
Chronic Kidney Disease in the Older Adult Patient with Diabetes
Ravender, R., Roumelioti, M., Schmidt, D. W., Unruh, M. L., & Argyropoulos, C. (2024) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm13020348 · Cited by 34
Gaddy, A. R., Elrggal, M. E., Madariaga, H. M., Kelly, A., Lerma, E. V., & Colbert, G. B. (2025) · Disease-a-Month · doi:10.1016/j.disamonth.2024.101848 · Cited by 40
Zhang, P. L., & Liu, M. (2025) · Current Research in Physiology · doi:10.1016/j.crphys.2025.100152 · Cited by 34
Diabetic Kidney Disease and the Cardiorenal Syndrome
Jindal, A., Garcia‐Touza, M., Jindal, N., Whaley‐Connell, A. T., & Sowers, J. R. (2013) · Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.ecl.2013.06.002 · Cited by 32
Jhund, P. S., McMurray, J. J. V., Chaturvedi, N., Brunel, P., Desai, A. S., Finn, P. V., Haffner, S. M., Solomon, S. D., Weinrauch, L. A., Claggett, B. L., et al. (2015) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehv295 · Cited by 33
Olmesartan medoxomil: current status of its use in monotherapy
Brunner, H. R. (2006) · Vascular Health and Risk Management · doi:10.2147/vhrm.2006.2.4.327 · Cited by 32
Systems biology building a useful model from multiple markers and profiles
Mayer, P., Mayer, B., & Mayer, G. J. (2012) · Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation · doi:10.1093/ndt/gfs489 · Cited by 34
Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Inhibition
Mercier, K., Smith, H. D., & Biederman, J. I. (2014) · Primary Care Clinics in Office Practice · doi:10.1016/j.pop.2014.08.002 · Cited by 34
Slowing the progression of diabetic nephropathy and its cardiovascular consequences
McCullough, P. A., Bakris, G. L., Owen, W. F., Klassen, P., & Califf, R. M. (2004) · American Heart Journal · doi:10.1016/j.ahj.2004.03.042 · Cited by 32
Optimal Proteinuria Target for Renoprotection in Patients with IgA Nephropathy
Nam, K. H., Kie, J. H., Lee, M. J., Chang, T. I., Kang, E. W., Kim, D. W., Lim, B. J., Park, J. T., Kwon, Y. E., Kim, Y. L., et al. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0101935 · Cited by 32
Dual blockade of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system in cardiac and renal disease
Slagman, M. C. J., Navis, G. J., & Laverman, G. D. (2010) · Current Opinion in Nephrology & Hypertension · doi:10.1097/mnh.0b013e3283361887 · Cited by 32
Dwyer, J. P., Greco, B., Umanath, K., et al. (2014) · The Nephron journals/Nephron journals · doi:10.1159/000369310 · Cited by 32
Assessing risk in chronic kidney disease: a methodological review
Grams, M. E., & Coresh, J. (2012) · Nature Reviews Nephrology · doi:10.1038/nrneph.2012.248 · Cited by 33
Feldman, D. L. (2010) · Hypertension Research · doi:10.1038/hr.2010.19 · Cited by 33
A Nonpeptide Angiotensin II Type 2 Receptor Agonist Prevents Renal Inflammation in Early Diabetes
Matavelli, L. C., Zatz, R., & Siragy, H. M. (2015) · Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology · doi:10.1097/fjc.0000000000000207 · Cited by 32
Cardiovascular and Renal Links along the Cardiorenal Continuum
García‐Donaire, J. A., & Ruilope, L. M. (2011) · International Journal of Nephrology · doi:10.4061/2011/975782 · Cited by 34
Aliskiren Combined with Losartan in Type 2 Diabetes and Nephropathy
Elliott, W. J. (2009) · Yearbook of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0145-4145(08)79384-5 · Cited by 32
Fogelfeld, L. A., Hart, P., Miernik, J., Ko, J., Calvin, D. J., Tahsin, B., Adhami, A., Mehrotra, R., & Fogg, L. (2016) · Journal of Diabetes and its Complications · doi:10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2016.11.019 · Cited by 31
Potential Expanded Indications for Neprilysin Inhibitors
Riddell, E., & Vader, J. M. (2017) · Current Heart Failure Reports · doi:10.1007/s11897-017-0327-y · Cited by 32
Dorotea, D., Cho, A., Lee, G.-Y., et al. (2018) · Experimental & Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1038/s12276-018-0053-x · Cited by 32
Endothelial factors in the pathogenesis and treatment of chronic kidney disease Part I
Rossi, G. P., Seccia, T. M., Barton, M., Danser, A. H. J., de Leeuw, P. W., Dhaun, N., Rizzoni, D., Rossignol, P., Ruilope, L. M., van den Meiracker, A. H., et al. (2017) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/hjh.0000000000001599 · Cited by 33
The Egyptian Hypertension Society
(2014) · The Egyptian Heart Journal · doi:10.1016/j.ehj.2014.03.001 · Cited by 33
Xiong, C., Li, L., Wang, B., Chen, H., XiaoWei, L., Hongbao, L., & Zhang, P. (2019) · Journal of the Formosan Medical Association · doi:10.1016/j.jfma.2019.11.001 · Cited by 33
Xu, C., Zhou, X., Xie, T., Zhou, Y., Zhang, Q., Jiang, S., Zhang, R., Liao, L., & Dong, J. (2020) · Theranostics · doi:10.7150/thno.43145 · Cited by 32
Considerations for people with diabetes during the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) pandemic
Sacks, L. J., Pham, C. T., Fleming, N., Neoh, S. L., & Ekinci, E. I. (2020) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108296 · Cited by 34
Wada, T., Mori‐Anai, K., Kawaguchi, Y., Katsumata, H., Tsuda, H., Iida, M., Arakawa, K., & Jardine, M. (2021) · Journal of Diabetes Investigation · doi:10.1111/jdi.13624 · Cited by 30
EGCG-derived polymeric oxidation products enhance insulin sensitivity in db/db mice
Wu, X., Yang, M., He, Y., Wang, F., Kong, Y.-S., Ling, T.-J., & Zhang, J. (2022) · Redox Biology · doi:10.1016/j.redox.2022.102259 · Cited by 33
Curovic, V. R., Jongs, N., Kroonen, M. Y. A. M., Zobel, E. H., Hansen, T. W., Sen, T., Laverman, G. D., Kooy, A., Persson, F., Rossing, P. R., et al. (2023) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc22-1699 · Cited by 33
Chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular risk
Yerram, P., Karuparthi, P. R., Hesemann, L. E., Horst, J. A., & Whaley‐Connell, A. T. (2007) · Journal of the American Society of Hypertension · doi:10.1016/j.jash.2007.01.010 · Cited by 34
Renal dopamine and angiotensin II receptor signaling in age-related hypertension
Chugh, G., Pokkunuri, I. D., & Asghar, M. (2012) · American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajprenal.00441.2012 · Cited by 32
Hypertension in Chronic Kidney Disease and Dialysis: Pathophysiology and Management
Agarwal, R. (2005) · Cardiology Clinics · doi:10.1016/j.ccl.2005.03.003 · Cited by 31
Mancia, G. (2007) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/01.hjh.0000271503.85196.9a · Cited by 32
Treatment of diabetic nephropathy with angiotensin II blockers
Sonkodi, S. (2003) · Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation · doi:10.1093/ndt/gfg1037 · Cited by 32
Sataranatarajan, K., Lee, M.-J., Mariappan, M. M., et al. (2008) · Cellular Signalling · doi:10.1016/j.cellsig.2008.01.016 · Cited by 32
Renoprotective effects of GLP1R agonists and SGLT2 inhibitors
Hocher, B., & Tsuprykov, O. (2017) · Nature Reviews Nephrology · doi:10.1038/nrneph.2017.140 · Cited by 32
Diabetes and Heart Disease: An Evidence-Driven Guide to Risk Factors Management in Diabetes
Lteif, A., Mather, K., & Clark, C. (2003) · Cardiology in Review · doi:10.1097/01.crd.0000086892.07437.05 · Cited by 35
Metadata
- Authors
- Brenner, B. M., Cooper, M. E., de Zeeuw, D., Keane, W. F., Mitch, W. E., Parving, H.-H., Remuzzi, G., Snapinn, S. M., Zhang, Z., & Shahinfar, S.
- Affiliations
- Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
- The University of Melbourne (AU)
- Hennepin County Medical Center (US)
- Emory University (US)
- Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research (IT)
- Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA (United States) (US)
- Venue
- New England Journal of Medicine
- Publisher
- Massachusetts Medical Society
- Published
- 2001-09-20
- Volume
- 345
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 861-869
- ISSN
- 0028-4793 (ISSN-L)
- 1533-4406
- OpenAlex
- W2056976690
- Semantic Scholar
- 842bf4da2a50ee13464536c9dfa502f4eb80c5f1
- Cited by
- 7,493
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2026: 180 · 2025: 233 · 2024: 211 · 2023: 248 · 2022: 235 · 2021: 240 · 2020: 263 · 2019: 204 · 2018: 212 · 2017: 233 · 2016: 243 · 2015: 249 · 2014: 289 · 2013: 288 · 2012: 341
- FWCI
- 280.94
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- New England Journal of Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Dipòsit Digital de la Universitat de Barcelona (Universitat de Barcelona) (publishedVersion)
- University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (submittedVersion)
- RECERCAT (Consorci de Serveis Universitaris de Catalunya) (submittedVersion, public-domain)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Nephrology › Chronic Kidney Disease and Diabetes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Renin-Angiotensin System Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Nephrology › Renal Diseases and Glomerulopathies
- Keywords
- losartan, type 2 diabetes, diabetic nephropathy, angiotensin receptor blockers, renin-angiotensin system blockade, end-stage renal disease, kidney disease progression, proteinuria, cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, heart failure hospitalization, serum creatinine doubling, antihypertensive therapy
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Antihypertensive Agents, Cardiovascular Diseases, Creatine, Creatinine, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Diabetic Nephropathies, Double-Blind Method, Female, Humans, Hypertension, Kidney Failure, Chronic, Male, Middle Aged, Proteinuria, Disease Progression, Losartan, Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-10-16, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-10-16 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Cited sources are checked with a language model’s help (gpt-6-sol).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
