The DOI matches its Crossref record; 27 of the 27 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Glucose Control and Vascular Complications in Veterans with Type 2 Diabetes
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: The effects of intensive glucose control on cardiovascular events in patients with long-standing type 2 diabetes mellitus remain uncertain. METHODS: We randomly assigned 1791 military veterans (mean age, 60.4 years) who had a suboptimal response to therapy for type 2 diabetes to receive either intensive or standard glucose control. Other cardiovascular risk factors were treated uniformly. The mean number of years since the diagnosis of diabetes was 11.5, and 40% of the patients had already had a cardiovascular event. The goal in the intensive-therapy group was an absolute reduction of 1.5 percentage points in the glycated hemoglobin level, as compared with the standard-therapy group. The primary outcome was the time from randomization to the first occurrence of a major cardiovascular event, a composite of myocardial infarction, stroke, death from cardiovascular causes, congestive heart failure, surgery for vascular disease, inoperable coronary disease, and amputation for ischemic gangrene. RESULTS: The median follow-up was 5.6 years. Median glycated hemoglobin levels were 8.4% in the standard-therapy group and 6.9% in the intensive-therapy group. The primary outcome occurred in 264 patients in the standard-therapy group and 235 patients in the intensive-therapy group (hazard ratio in the intensive-therapy group, 0.88; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.74 to 1.05; P=0.14). There was no significant difference between the two groups in any component of the primary outcome or in the rate of death from any cause (hazard ratio, 1.07; 95% CI, 0.81 to 1.42; P=0.62). No differences between the two groups were observed for microvascular complications. The rates of adverse events, predominantly hypoglycemia, were 17.6% in the standard-therapy group and 24.1% in the intensive-therapy group. CONCLUSIONS: Intensive glucose control in patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes had no significant effect on the rates of major cardiovascular events, death, or microvascular complications with the exception of progression of albuminuria (P = 0.01) [added]. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00032487.)
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In the citing paper
“Optimization of glucose and BP are the proven strategies for primary prevention of diabetic retinopathy and for slowing the progression of preexisting nonproliferative retinopathy.78,185,186,193,522,523”
From American Association of Clinical Endocrinology Clinical Practice Guideline: Developing a Diabetes Mellitus Comprehensive Care Plan-2022 Update. (2022) · cites this paper as [78]
Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source doesn’t support the claim as written.
In the citing paper
“The Action for Health in Diabetes (Look AHEAD) randomized clinical trial (including 5145 overweight persons with type 2 diabetes) reported that a long-term behavioral weight loss intervention including a goal of at least 175 minutes per week of moderate-intensity physical activity, compared with diabetes self-management education and support, resulted in no difference between groups for the”
From Diagnosis and Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes in Adults (2025) · cites this paper as [35]
Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Whilst indirect effects such as improved glycaemic control are likely to be important, glycaemic control alone does not fully explain the reduction in cardiovascular mortality associated with GLP-1RAs. 75”
From Glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists improve biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomised controlled trials (2021) · cites this paper as [75]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“The potential risks of intensive glycemic control may be obviated by incorporating agents that are not associated with hypoglycemia, especially in persons with frequent severe hypoglycemia, hypoglycemia unawareness, or a very long duration of DM, and particularly in the presence of established and advanced atherosclerosis, advanced age, and terminal illness.69,70,76–81”
From American Association of Clinical Endocrinology Clinical Practice Guideline: Developing a Diabetes Mellitus Comprehensive Care Plan-2022 Update. (2022) · cites this paper as [78]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Intensive glucose control (A1C levels <7% in T2D and <7.5% in T1D) in several clinical trials was found to reduce the risk of incident albuminuria (A2) and DKD onset.70,78,90,406–410”
From American Association of Clinical Endocrinology Clinical Practice Guideline: Developing a Diabetes Mellitus Comprehensive Care Plan-2022 Update. (2022) · cites this paper as [78]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“A relationship between mortality and randomization to intensive glucose control was not observed in ADVANCE or VADT, although VADT was underpowered to explore this relationship.”
From Hypoglycemia and Diabetes: A Report of a Workgroup of the American Diabetes Association and The Endocrine Society (2013) · cites this paper as [3]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“A relationship between mortality and randomization to intensive glucose control was not observed in ADVANCE or VADT, although VADT was underpowered to explore this relationship.”
From Hypoglycemia and Diabetes: A Report of a Workgroup of the American Diabetes Association and The Endocrine Society (2013) · cites this paper as [3]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Between them, a total of 24,000 patients with high cardiovascular risk were randomly assigned to either intensive glycemic control or standard therapy (3–5).”
From Hypoglycemia and Diabetes: A Report of a Workgroup of the American Diabetes Association and The Endocrine Society (2013) · cites this paper as [3]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“the frequency of severe hypoglycemia in these trials was 2 to 3 times higher in the intensive therapy groups”
From Targets for Glycemic Control (2018) · cites this paper as [25]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“The ADVANCE and VADT trials found modest reduction in nephropathy with intensive glycemic management; ACCORD was stopped after a median of 3.5 years due to higher mortality in the intervention arm (51-55).”
From 6. Glycemic Goals, Hypoglycemia, and Hyperglycemic Crises: Standards of Care in Diabetes-2026. (2026) · cites this paper as [51]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Two studies comparing a target HbA1c of # 6.0% to higher HbA1c targets (standard glycemic control) found that the lower HbA1c target probably increased all-cause mortality (Supplementary Table S13 240,242,255 )”
From KDIGO 2022 Clinical Practice Guideline for Diabetes Management in Chronic Kidney Disease (2022) · cites this paper as [242]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Six studies compared a target HbA1c of # 6.5% to higher HbA1c targets (standard glycemic control) and found that an HbA1c target of # 6.5% probably decreased the incidence of moderately increased albuminuria, and kidney failure (Supplementary Table S12 239,240,242 -244,252 )”
From KDIGO 2022 Clinical Practice Guideline for Diabetes Management in Chronic Kidney Disease (2022) · cites this paper as [242]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Poor control, defined as a hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level >9.0%, contributes to complications, including nephropathy [1-6], retinopathy [4,7], and neuropathy [4,8].”
From An Assessment of How Clinicians and Staff Members Use a Diabetes Artificial Intelligence Prediction Tool: Mixed Methods Study (2023) · cites this paper as [3]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“This recommendation is supported by results from multiple randomized controlled trials, such as the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) study and the Veterans Affairs Diabetes Trial (VADT), which showed that intensive treatment protocols aimed to achieve an A1C <6.0% with complex drug plans significantly increased the risk for hypoglycemia requiring assistance compared with”
From 13. Older Adults: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2024 (2024) · cites this paper as [36]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“This recommendation is supported by results from multiple randomized controlled trials, such as the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) study and the Veterans Affairs Diabetes Trial (VADT), which showed that intensive treatment protocols aimed to achieve an A1C <6.0% with complex drug plans significantly increased the risk for hypoglycemia requiring assistance compared with”
From 13. Older Adults: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2025 (2025) · cites this paper as [38]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“This recommendation is also supported by results from multiple randomized controlled trials (RCTs), such as the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) study and the Veterans Affairs Diabetes Trial (VADT), which showed that intensive treatment protocols aimed to achieve an A1C <6.0% with complex drug plans significantly increased the risk for hypoglycemia requiring assistance”
From 13. Older Adults: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2026 (2026) · cites this paper as [43]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“In each, subjects who were randomly assigned to the intensive arm experienced more episodes of hypoglycemia than did those who were randomly assigned to the standard treatment arm.”
From Hypoglycemia and Diabetes: A Report of a Workgroup of the American Diabetes Association and The Endocrine Society (2013) · cites this paper as [3]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“During a median follow up of 5.6 years, there was a nonsignificant reduction in the primary outcome (first occurrence of a major CV event), but the progression to albuminuria was significantly reduced in the intensive-treatment participants, with 9.1% of participants having significantly reduced progression compared to 13.8% in the standard therapy group.”
From Targets for Glycemic Control (2018) · cites this paper as [25]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“The DCCT in individuals with type 1 diabetes and the UKPDS, ACCORD, ADVANCE, and VADT studies in type 2 diabetes all sought to address whether intensive glycemic management reduced cardiovascular disease (CVD) events (43,51,52,54).”
From 6. Glycemic Goals, Hypoglycemia, and Hyperglycemic Crises: Standards of Care in Diabetes-2026. (2026) · cites this paper as [51]
The check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“The prognosis for retaining vision has improved dramatically over the past 40 years owing to improved metabolic and BP control.78,432,488–490”
From American Association of Clinical Endocrinology Clinical Practice Guideline: Developing a Diabetes Mellitus Comprehensive Care Plan-2022 Update. (2022) · cites this paper as [78]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“Enhanced glucose control in people with T1D dramatically reduces the incidence of DPN (78% relative risk reduction),78,542,547,549”
From American Association of Clinical Endocrinology Clinical Practice Guideline: Developing a Diabetes Mellitus Comprehensive Care Plan-2022 Update. (2022) · cites this paper as [78]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“All three trials clearly demonstrated that an episode of severe hypoglycemia was associated with an increased risk of subsequent mortality.”
From Hypoglycemia and Diabetes: A Report of a Workgroup of the American Diabetes Association and The Endocrine Society (2013) · cites this paper as [3]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“In VADT, a recent severe hypoglycemic event was the strongest independent predictor of death at 90 days (3).”
From Hypoglycemia and Diabetes: A Report of a Workgroup of the American Diabetes Association and The Endocrine Society (2013) · cites this paper as [3]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“a higher mortality was reported in participants with 1 or more episodes of severe hypoglycemia in the ACCORD (30), ADVANCE (31) and VADT trials (25), irrespective of the different treatment arms in which individual participants were allocated.”
From Targets for Glycemic Control (2018) · cites this paper as [25]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“However, the weight loss intervention was associated with sustained weight loss, lower HbA1C, delayed progression of kidney disease, and improvements in quality of life, depression, sleep apnea, urinary incontinence, and health care utilization and costs.35”
From Diagnosis and Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes in Adults (2025) · cites this paper as [35]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“recent studies that used multiple medications to treat type 2 diabetes and aimed for HbA 1c concentrations ,6.5% (48 mmol/mol) have not demonstrated consistent benefits and failed to observe any benefit with regard to macrovascular disease, compared with interventions that achieved HbA 1c values 0.8% to 1.1% higher (50)(51)(52).”
From Guidelines and recommendations for laboratory analysis in the diagnosis and management of diabetes mellitus (2011) · cites this paper as [52]
In the citing paper
“3 major clinical trials of intensive glycemic control (lowering HbA1c levels to <6%–6.5%) demonstrated no reduction in major cardiovascular events compared with less intensive glycemic control in patients with T2DM”
From Clinical management of stable coronary artery disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association (2020) · cites this paper as [183]
In the citing paper
“intensive glycemic control generally reduces the risk of microvascular end points, even if it does not reduce major cardiovascular events”
From Clinical management of stable coronary artery disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association (2020) · cites this paper as [183]
In the citing paper
“the evidence for microvascular benefit with intensive glycemic control is more robust in the UKPDS study187 compared with the 3 more recent trials (ACCORD, ADVANCE, and VADT).182–184”
From Clinical management of stable coronary artery disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association (2020) · cites this paper as [182]
In the citing paper
“Subsequent clinical trials of intensive versus standard glycemic control among patients with long-standing T2DM and with multiple risk factors for cardiovascular disease did not show similar benefits.”
From Clinical management of stable coronary artery disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association (2020) · cites this paper as [182]
In the citing paper
“Subsequent clinical trials of intensive versus standard glycemic control among patients with long-standing T2DM and with multiple risk factors for cardiovascular disease did not show similar benefits.”
From Clinical management of stable coronary artery disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association (2020) · cites this paper as [183]
In the citing paper
“The other 2 trials demonstrated no benefit with respect to the primary outcome, major cardiovascular events, with no heterogeneity of effect based on the presence or absence of established macrovascular disease.”
From Clinical management of stable coronary artery disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association (2020) · cites this paper as [182]
In the citing paper
“intensive glycemic control generally reduces the risk of microvascular end points, even if it does not reduce major cardiovascular events”
From Clinical management of stable coronary artery disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association (2020) · cites this paper as [182]
In the citing paper
“These trials included a substantial proportion of patients with established macrovascular disease (ACCORD, 35.2%; ADVANCE [Action in Diabetes and Vascular Disease: Preterax and Diamicron MR Controlled Evaluation], 32.3%; and VADT [Veterans Affairs Diabetes Trial], 40.3%) and generally targeted HbA1c levels <6.5%.”
From Clinical management of stable coronary artery disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association (2020) · cites this paper as [182]
In the citing paper
“These trials included a substantial proportion of patients with established macrovascular disease (ACCORD, 35.2%; ADVANCE [Action in Diabetes and Vascular Disease: Preterax and Diamicron MR Controlled Evaluation], 32.3%; and VADT [Veterans Affairs Diabetes Trial], 40.3%) and generally targeted HbA1c levels <6.5%.”
From Clinical management of stable coronary artery disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association (2020) · cites this paper as [183]
In the citing paper
“Intensive glycemic control in all major clinical trials was shown to increase the risk of severe hypoglycemia 2- to 3-fold.”
From Clinical management of stable coronary artery disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association (2020) · cites this paper as [183]
In the citing paper
“The other 2 trials demonstrated no benefit with respect to the primary outcome, major cardiovascular events, with no heterogeneity of effect based on the presence or absence of established macrovascular disease.”
From Clinical management of stable coronary artery disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association (2020) · cites this paper as [183]
In the citing paper
“the evidence for microvascular benefit with intensive glycemic control is more robust in the UKPDS study187 compared with the 3 more recent trials (ACCORD, ADVANCE, and VADT).182–184”
From Clinical management of stable coronary artery disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association (2020) · cites this paper as [183]
In the citing paper
“although sulfonylureas have been associated with increased cardiovascular mortality in retrospective observational studies, most large controlled clinical trials have generally proved sulfonylureas (particularly second-generation agents) to be safe and cardiovascular neutral”
From Clinical management of stable coronary artery disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association (2020) · cites this paper as [183]
In the citing paper
“Intensive glycemic control in all major clinical trials was shown to increase the risk of severe hypoglycemia 2- to 3-fold.”
From Clinical management of stable coronary artery disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association (2020) · cites this paper as [182]
In the citing paper
“3 major clinical trials of intensive glycemic control (lowering HbA1c levels to <6%–6.5%) demonstrated no reduction in major cardiovascular events compared with less intensive glycemic control in patients with T2DM”
From Clinical management of stable coronary artery disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association (2020) · cites this paper as [182]
In the citing paper
“There was no significant difference between groups for any of the individual composites of the primary outcome or for all-cause mortality.”
From European Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice (version 2012) (2012) · cites this paper as [438]
In the citing paper
“These trials have more or less uniformly demonstrated a benefit, with lifestyle more efficacious than all medications with the exception of the thiazolidinediones140–152.”
From Pathophysiology and treatment of type 2 diabetes: perspectives on the past, present, and future (2014) · cites this paper as [145]
In the citing paper
“numerous anti-diabetes medications lower plasma glucose levels without significantly impacting CVD development or MACE risks”
From A Cardiovascular Disease-Linked Gut Microbial Metabolite Acts via Adrenergic Receptors (2020) · cites this paper as Duckworth et al., 2009
In the citing paper
“Interestingly, the degree of blood-glucose control within T2DM is a poor indicator of incident CVD risks”
From A Cardiovascular Disease-Linked Gut Microbial Metabolite Acts via Adrenergic Receptors (2020) · cites this paper as Duckworth et al., 2009
In the citing paper
“A relationship between mortality and randomization to intensive glucose control was not observed in ADVANCE or VADT, although VADT was underpowered to explore this relationship.”
From Hypoglycemia and Diabetes: A Report of a Workgroup of the American Diabetes Association and The Endocrine Society (2013) · cites this paper as [3]
In the citing paper
“In each, subjects who were randomly assigned to the intensive arm experienced more episodes of hypoglycemia than did those who were randomly assigned to the standard treatment arm.”
From Hypoglycemia and Diabetes: A Report of a Workgroup of the American Diabetes Association and The Endocrine Society (2013) · cites this paper as [3]
In the citing paper
“There is growing evidence that patients with type 2 diabetes might be particularly vulnerable to adverse events associated with hypoglycemia.”
From Hypoglycemia and Diabetes: A Report of a Workgroup of the American Diabetes Association and The Endocrine Society (2013) · cites this paper as [3]
In the citing paper
“In VADT, a recent severe hypoglycemic event was the strongest independent predictor of death at 90 days (3).”
From Hypoglycemia and Diabetes: A Report of a Workgroup of the American Diabetes Association and The Endocrine Society (2013) · cites this paper as [3]
In the citing paper
“All three trials clearly demonstrated that an episode of severe hypoglycemia was associated with an increased risk of subsequent mortality.”
From Hypoglycemia and Diabetes: A Report of a Workgroup of the American Diabetes Association and The Endocrine Society (2013) · cites this paper as [3]
In the citing paper
“In pre-specified subgroup analysis of age < or ≥ 65 years, there was no difference between age groups for the primary outcome29.”
From Diabetes in Older Adults: A Consensus Report (2012) · cites this paper as [29]
In the citing paper
“The ADVANCE trial did not demonstrate excessive deaths attributable to intensive glucose control during a median follow-up of 5 years.”
From Diabetes in Older Adults: A Consensus Report (2012) · cites this paper as [29]
In the citing paper
“While there were no statistically significant cardiovascular benefits, there was a significant reduction in the incidence of nephropathy.”
From Diabetes in Older Adults: A Consensus Report (2012) · cites this paper as [29]
In the citing paper
“Three large randomized controlled trials found that frequent, inadvertent hypoglycemia, secondary to intensive (HbA1C <7%) versus standard (HbA1C <9%) glycemic control in patients with longstanding T2D largely negated the cardiovascular benefits of intensive glycemic management ( Patel et al., 2005 ; ADVANCE Collaborative Group et al., 2008 ; Duckworth et al., 2009 ).”
From Pharmacologic inhibition of somatostatin receptor 2 to restore glucagon counterregulation in diabetes (2024) · cites this paper as Duckworth et al., 2009
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Metadata
- Authors
- Duckworth, W., Abraira, C., Moritz, T., Reda, D., Emanuele, N., Reaven, P. D., Zieve, F. J., Marks, J., Davis, S. N., Hayward, R., Warren, S. R., Goldman, S., McCarren, M., Vitek, M. E., Henderson, W. G., & Huang, G. D.
- Affiliations
- Phoenix VA Health Care System (US)
- Miami VA Healthcare System (US)
- Edward Hines, Jr. VA Hospital (US)
- Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center (US)
- VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System (US)
- VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System (US)
- Southern Arizona VA Health Care System (US)
- VA Office of Research and Development (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- New England Journal of Medicine
- Publisher
- Massachusetts Medical Society
- Published
- 2009-01-08
- Volume
- 360
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 129-139
- ISSN
- 0028-4793 (ISSN-L)
- 1533-4406
- OpenAlex
- W2158666727
- Semantic Scholar
- 0905c5577c0e796e2b98a9fb49fc40f726a3702a
- Cited by
- 4,762
- References
- 27
- Citations by year
- 2026: 75 · 2025: 90 · 2024: 150 · 2023: 164 · 2022: 168 · 2021: 244 · 2020: 268 · 2019: 265 · 2018: 279 · 2017: 325 · 2016: 320 · 2015: 317 · 2014: 381 · 2013: 349 · 2012: 364
- FWCI
- 239.94
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- New England Journal of Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- American Diabetes Association
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs
- Eli Lilly and Company
- Pfizer
- Amylin Pharmaceuticals
- GlaxoSmithKline
- Sanofi
- Office of Research and Development
- MannKind Corporation
- Novo Nordisk
- National Eye Institute
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (P30DK079637)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Keywords
- type 2 diabetes, tight glycemic control, glycemic control, veterans, cardiovascular events, HbA1c, microvascular complications, albuminuria, hypoglycemia, cardiovascular mortality, long-standing diabetes
- MeSH terms
- Rosiglitazone, Blood Glucose, Cardiovascular Diseases, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Diabetic Angiopathies, Diabetic Neuropathies, Drug Therapy, Combination, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Glycated Hemoglobin, Humans, Hypoglycemic Agents, Insulin, Male, Metformin, Middle Aged, Sulfonylurea Compounds, United States, Veterans, Thiazolidinediones, Kaplan-Meier Estimate
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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