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CPAP, Weight Loss, or Both for Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Obesity and obstructive sleep apnea tend to coexist and are associated with inflammation, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and high blood pressure, but their causal relation to these abnormalities is unclear. METHODS: We randomly assigned 181 patients with obesity, moderate-to-severe obstructive sleep apnea, and serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) greater than 1.0 mg per liter to receive treatment with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), a weight-loss intervention, or CPAP plus a weight-loss intervention for 24 weeks. We assessed the incremental effect of the combined interventions over each one alone on the CRP level (the primary end point), insulin sensitivity, lipid levels, and blood pressure. RESULTS: Among the 146 participants for whom there were follow-up data, those assigned to weight loss only and those assigned to the combined interventions had reductions in CRP levels, insulin resistance, and serum triglyceride levels. None of these changes were observed in the group receiving CPAP alone. Blood pressure was reduced in all three groups. No significant incremental effect on CRP levels was found for the combined interventions as compared with either weight loss or CPAP alone. Reductions in insulin resistance and serum triglyceride levels were greater in the combined-intervention group than in the group receiving CPAP only, but there were no significant differences in these values between the combined-intervention group and the weight-loss group. In per-protocol analyses, which included 90 participants who met prespecified criteria for adherence, the combined interventions resulted in a larger reduction in systolic blood pressure and mean arterial pressure than did either CPAP or weight loss alone. CONCLUSIONS: In adults with obesity and obstructive sleep apnea, CPAP combined with a weight-loss intervention did not reduce CRP levels more than either intervention alone. In secondary analyses, weight loss provided an incremental reduction in insulin resistance and serum triglyceride levels when combined with CPAP. In addition, adherence to a regimen of weight loss and CPAP may result in incremental reductions in blood pressure as compared with either intervention alone. (Funded by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT0371293 .).
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“However, the impact of CPAP therapy on glycaemic control is uncertain (Chirinos et al., 2014; Reutrakul & Mokhlesi, 2017).”
From Obstructive sleep apnea: transition from pathophysiology to an integrative disease model (2022) · cites this paper as Chirinos et al., 2014
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In the citing paper
“Since obesity confers additional CV risk to OSA patients, weight loss directly benefits CV health.215”
From International Consensus Statement on Obstructive Sleep Apnea (2023) · cites this paper as [215]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“Although most (but not all) studies and the above meta-analysis support a modest effect of CPAP on blood pressure, the effect on biomarkers associated with cardiovascular risk such as C-reactive protein has been more variable.”
From Sleep Duration and Quality: Impact on Lifestyle Behaviors and Cardiometabolic Health: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association (2016) · cites this paper as [170]
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1 of the 40 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
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Metadata
- Authors
- Chirinos, J. A., Gurubhagavatula, I., Teff, K., Rader, D. J., Wadden, T. A., Townsend, R., Foster, G. D., Maislin, G., Saif, H., Broderick, P., Chittams, J., Hanlon, A. L., & Pack, A. I.
- Affiliations
- Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania (US)
- Monell Chemical Senses Center (US)
- Temple University (US)
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- New England Journal of Medicine
- Publisher
- Massachusetts Medical Society
- Published
- 2014-06-12
- Volume
- 370
- Issue
- 24
- Pages
- 2265-2275
- ISSN
- 0028-4793 (ISSN-L)
- 1533-4406
- PMC
- PMC4138510
- OpenAlex
- W2128816837
- Cited by
- 523
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2026: 32 · 2025: 31 · 2024: 36 · 2023: 38 · 2022: 44 · 2021: 33 · 2020: 36 · 2019: 51 · 2018: 47 · 2017: 47 · 2016: 57 · 2015: 48 · 2014: 21
- FWCI
- 38.34
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- New England Journal of Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL-R01080076, P01HL094307, R01HL080076)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Obstructive Sleep Apnea Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Keywords
- obstructive sleep apnea, obesity, continuous positive airway pressure, weight loss, C-reactive protein, inflammation, insulin resistance, serum triglycerides, blood pressure, serum lipids
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Blood Pressure, C-Reactive Protein, Combined Modality Therapy, Female, Humans, Insulin Resistance, Male, Middle Aged, Obesity, Triglycerides, Weight Loss, Sleep Apnea, Obstructive, Continuous Positive Airway Pressure, Intention to Treat Analysis
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