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Cardiovascular and Renal Outcomes with Empagliflozin in Heart Failure
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUNDSodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors reduce the risk of hospitalization for heart failure in patients regardless of the presence or absence of diabetes.More evidence is needed regarding the effects of these drugs in patients across the broad spectrum of heart failure, including those with a markedly reduced ejection fraction. METHODSIn this double-blind trial, we randomly assigned 3730 patients with class II, III, or IV heart failure and an ejection fraction of 40% or less to receive empagliflozin (10 mg once daily) or placebo, in addition to recommended therapy.The primary outcome was a composite of cardiovascular death or hospitalization for worsening heart failure. RESULTSDuring a median of 16 months, a primary outcome event occurred in 361 of 1863 patients (19.4%) in the empagliflozin group and in 462 of 1867 patients (24.7%) in the placebo group (hazard ratio for cardiovascular death or hospitalization for heart failure, 0.75; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.65 to 0.86; P<0.001).The effect of empagliflozin on the primary outcome was consistent in patients regardless of the presence or absence of diabetes.The total number of hospitalizations for heart failure was lower in the empagliflozin group than in the placebo group (hazard ratio, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.58 to 0.85; P<0.001).The annual rate of decline in the estimated glomerular filtration rate was slower in the empagliflozin group than in the placebo group (-0.55 vs. -2.28ml per minute per 1.73 m 2 of body-surface area per year, P<0.001), and empagliflozin-treated patients had a lower risk of serious renal outcomes.Uncomplicated genital tract infection was reported more frequently with empagliflozin. CONCLUSIONSAmong patients receiving recommended therapy for heart failure, those in the empagliflozin group had a lower risk of cardiovascular death or hospitalization for heart failure than those in the placebo group, regardless of the presence or absence of diabetes.(Funded by Boehringer Ingelheim and Eli Lilly; EMPEROR-Reduced ClinicalTrials.govnumber, NCT03057977.
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In the citing paper
“Subgroup analyses from DAPA-CKD (117) and analyses from the EMPEROR heart failure trials suggest that SGLT2 inhibitors are safe and effective at eGFR levels of >20 mL/min/1.73m 2 .”
From 11. Chronic Kidney Disease and Risk Management: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2025 (2025) · cites this paper as [119]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Direct evidence is provided by the DAPA-CKD, SCORED, EMPEROR-Reduced, and EMPEROR-Preserved trials, which enrolled such participants by design.”
From KDIGO 2022 Clinical Practice Guideline for Diabetes Management in Chronic Kidney Disease (2022) · cites this paper as [101]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“However, notably, SGLT2i have been studied among patients without T2D who have CKD in the DAPA-CKD trial (and the soonto-be-published EMPA-KIDNEY trial) or who have heart failure (in the DAPA-HF, EMPEROR-Reduced, and EMPEROR-Preserved trials) and did not confer any increased risk of severe hypoglycemia or diabetic ketoacidosis among individuals without T2D.”
From KDIGO 2022 Clinical Practice Guideline for Diabetes Management in Chronic Kidney Disease (2022) · cites this paper as [101]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“enrollment criteria included eGFR >60 mL/min/1.73m 2 , but efficacy was seen at eGFR >20 mL/min/1.73m 2 in people with heart failure.”
From 11. Chronic Kidney Disease and Risk Management: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2026 (2026) · cites this paper as [135]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“SGLT2 inhibitors reduce the incidence of heart failure and improve heart failurerelated outcomes, including hospitalization for heart failure and heart failure-related symptoms, in people with diabetes with preserved or reduced ejection fraction (250,(255)(256)(257)(298)(299)(300)(301)(302)(303)(304)(305)(306).”
From 10. Cardiovascular Disease and Risk Management: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2025 (2025) · cites this paper as [303]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“and the Empagliflozin Outcome Trial in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure (EMPEROR) trials (which provided clear evidence of efficacy and safety for empagliflozin among patients with eGFR ≥20 mL/min/1.73 m2 and HF) (54,57,58).”
From Diabetes management in chronic kidney disease: a consensus report by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) (2022) · cites this paper as [58]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Clinical trials, such as EMPEROR-REDUCED (empagliflozin) and DAPA-CKD (dapagliflozin), have shown that SGLT-2 inhibitors have benefits in patients with heart failure and chronic kidney disease, regardless of the presence of diabetes.38,39”
From Tirzepatide: Clinical review of the twincretin injectable (2023) · cites this paper as [39]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“The primary outcome among those with an eGFR $ 60 ml/min per 1.73 m 2 was HR: 0.67; 95% CI: 0.55 -0.83 and for those with eGFR < 60 ml/min per 1.73 m 2 was HR: 0.83; 95% CI: 0.69 -1.00.”
From KDIGO 2022 Clinical Practice Guideline for Diabetes Management in Chronic Kidney Disease (2022) · cites this paper as [101]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“As seen in DAPA-HF, the primary outcome was similarly reduced for individuals with and without diabetes.”
From KDIGO 2022 Clinical Practice Guideline for Diabetes Management in Chronic Kidney Disease (2022) · cites this paper as [101]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“the primary outcome of cardiovascular death or heart failure hospitalization occurred in 19.4% of the empagli fl ozin group and 24.7% of the placebo group (HR: 0.75; 95% CI: 0.65 -0.86).”
From KDIGO 2022 Clinical Practice Guideline for Diabetes Management in Chronic Kidney Disease (2022) · cites this paper as [101]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“A composite kidney outcome HR of 0.50 (95% CI: 0.32 -0.77) was also reported.”
From KDIGO 2022 Clinical Practice Guideline for Diabetes Management in Chronic Kidney Disease (2022) · cites this paper as [101]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Similar results were obtained in clinical trials with empagliflozin (303).”
From 10. Cardiovascular Disease and Risk Management: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2025 (2025) · cites this paper as [303]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Similar results were obtained in clinical trials with empagliflozin (291).”
From 10. Cardiovascular Disease and Risk Management: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2026 (2026) · cites this paper as [291]
The check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“The EMPEROR-Reduced 101 and EMPEROR-Preserved 102 trials, although not an exclusive CKD population, did allow enrollment of patients with an eGFR as low as 20 ml/min per 1.73 m 2.”
From KDIGO 2022 Clinical Practice Guideline for Diabetes Management in Chronic Kidney Disease (2022) · cites this paper as [101]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“The EMPA-REG trial enrolled over 7000 patients with T2D, baseline glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) of 7% -10%, established CVD (almost 100%), and an eGFR of at least 30 ml/min per 1.73 m 2 . 101”
From KDIGO 2022 Clinical Practice Guideline for Diabetes Management in Chronic Kidney Disease (2022) · cites this paper as [101]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“The EMPEROR-Reduced and EMPEROR-Preserved trials, although not exclusive CKD populations, did allow enrollment participants with an eGFR as low as 20 ml/min per 1.73 m 2 .”
From KDIGO 2022 Clinical Practice Guideline for Diabetes Management in Chronic Kidney Disease (2022) · cites this paper as [101]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“The EMPEROR-Reduced (Empagliflozin Outcome Trial in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction) trial demonstrated a benefit of SGLT2 inhibition with empagliflozin to reduce both the risk and rate of heart failure hospitalizations.7”
From Effect of Empagliflozin on the Clinical Stability of Patients With Heart Failure and a Reduced Ejection Fraction: The EMPEROR-Reduced Trial (2021) · cites this paper as [7]
In the citing paper
“Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have been shown to reduce the risk of hospitalizations for heart failure in 8 large-scale trials, including those that focused on type 2 diabetes, heart failure with a reduced ejection fraction, and chronic kidney disease.1–8”
From Effect of Empagliflozin on the Clinical Stability of Patients With Heart Failure and a Reduced Ejection Fraction: The EMPEROR-Reduced Trial (2021) · cites this paper as [7]
In the citing paper
“As previously reported,7 the 2 groups comprised patients with mild, moderate, and severe heart failure, as reflected by left ventricular ejection fraction and circulating levels of NT-proBNP, and were well-balanced with respect to baseline characteristics.”
From Effect of Empagliflozin on the Clinical Stability of Patients With Heart Failure and a Reduced Ejection Fraction: The EMPEROR-Reduced Trial (2021) · cites this paper as [7]
In the citing paper
“In the EMPEROR-Reduced trial, empagliflozin reduced the risk of cardiovascular death or hospitalization for heart failure, a benefit that was driven primarily by an effect of the drug to reduce first and recurrent admissions for worsening heart failure.7”
From Effect of Empagliflozin on the Clinical Stability of Patients With Heart Failure and a Reduced Ejection Fraction: The EMPEROR-Reduced Trial (2021) · cites this paper as [7]
In the citing paper
“In our original publication and in a meta-analysis of the DAPA-HF and EMPEROR-Reduced trials, we noted a somewhat lesser benefit in patients with ejection fraction of 31% to 40% and in patients with class III symptoms.”
From Effect of Empagliflozin on the Clinical Stability of Patients With Heart Failure and a Reduced Ejection Fraction: The EMPEROR-Reduced Trial (2021) · cites this paper as [7]
In the citing paper
“Rates of worsening heart failure or cardiovascular death are lower among patients with heart failure who are treated with dapagliflozin and empagliflozin regardless of diabetes diagnosis.7,8”
From Association of race/ethnicity, gender, and socioeconomic status with sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor use among patients with diabetes in the US (2021) · cites this paper as [8]
In the citing paper
“As for the morbidity, renal outcome and HHF, it was clear that SGLT-2i had more significant impact than finerenone, which might be explained by the special potency of SGLT-2i such as reducing blood glucose, reducing oxidative stress, losing weight, reducing uric acid, controlling blood pressure and improving renal ultrafiltration and hypoxia [65, 71–79].”
In the citing paper
“Multiple SGLT2i trials included subsets of participants without diabetes, who appear to have derived similar benefits as those with T2D, 8,14,18”
In the citing paper
“Treatment with empagliflozin improved quality of life.496”
From 2023 ESC guidelines for the management of cardiovascular disease in patients with diabetes. (2023) · cites this paper as [496]
In the citing paper
“The risk of a prespeci fi ed renal composite outcome (chronic dialysis, renal transplantation, or a sustained reduction in eGFR) was lower in the empagli fl ozin group than in the placebo group (1.6% in the empaglifl ozin group vs. 3.1% in the placebo group; HR 0.50 [95% CI 0.32 -0.77]).”
From 10. Cardiovascular Disease and Risk Management: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2023 (2023) · cites this paper as [200]
In the citing paper
“Over a median follow-up of 16 months, those in the empagli fl ozin-treated group had a reduced risk of the primary outcome (HR 0.75 [95% CI 0.65 -0.86]; P < 0.001) and fewer total hospitalizations for heart failure (HR 0.70 [95% CI 0.58 -0.85]; P < 0.001).”
From 10. Cardiovascular Disease and Risk Management: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2023 (2023) · cites this paper as [200]
In the citing paper
“Over a median follow-up of 16 months, those in the empagli fl ozin-treated group had a reduced risk of the primary outcome (HR 0.75 [95% CI 0.65 -0.86]; P < 0.001) and fewer total hospitalizations for heart failure (HR 0.70 [95% CI 0.58 -0.85]; P < 0.001).”
From 10. Cardiovascular Disease and Risk Management: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2023 (2023) · cites this paper as [200]
In the citing paper
“The effect of empagli fl ozin on the primary outcome was consistent irrespective of diabetes diagnosis at baseline.”
From 10. Cardiovascular Disease and Risk Management: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2023 (2023) · cites this paper as [200]
In the citing paper
“Moreover, in the recent EMPEROR-Reduced trial (Empagliflozin Outcome Trial in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure and a Reduced Ejection Fraction), SGLT2 inhibition did reduce renal events significantly, although that trial used a different renal composite outcome and had more renal events than in DAPA-HF (88 versus 67).”
From Efficacy of Dapagliflozin on Renal Function and Outcomes in Patients With Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction: Results of DAPA-HF (2021) · cites this paper as [21]
In the citing paper
“More recently, in a large trial using empagliflozin in patients with HFrEF, the rate of decline in eGFR was 2.28 (SD 0.23) mL·min–1·1.73 m–2 per year, which was reduced to 0.55 (0.23) in the SGLT2 inhibitor group.21”
From Efficacy of Dapagliflozin on Renal Function and Outcomes in Patients With Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction: Results of DAPA-HF (2021) · cites this paper as [21]
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Cites
Canagliflozin and Cardiovascular and Renal Events in Type 2 Diabetes
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Brain Natriuretic Peptide Biomarkers in Current Clinical and Therapeutic Scenarios of Heart Failure
Alcidi, G., Goffredo, G., Correale, M., Brunetti, N. D., & Iacoviello, M. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm11113192 · Cited by 46
Consensus statement on the current pharmacological prevention and management of heart failure
Sindone, A. P., Pasquale, C. G. D., Amerena, J. V., Burdeniuk, C., Chan, A., Coats, A. J. S., Hare, D. L., Macdonald, P. S., Sverdlov, A. L., & Atherton, J. J. (2022) · The Medical Journal of Australia · doi:10.5694/mja2.51656 · Cited by 45
New Insights into the Use of Empagliflozin—A Comprehensive Review
Forycka, J., Hajdys, J., Krzemińska, J., Wilczopolski, P., Wronka, M., Młynarska, E., Rysz, J., & Franczyk, B. (2022) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines10123294 · Cited by 52
“The drug has proven effective not only in people with CKD but also CVD [52].”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialPaasche, A., Wiedmann, F., Kraft, M., Seibertz, F., Herlt, V., Blochberger, P. L., Jávorszky, N., Beck, M., Weirauch, L., Seeger, T., et al. (2024) · Basic Research in Cardiology · doi:10.1007/s00395-023-01022-0 · Cited by 53
“The DAPA-HF, EMPEROR-Reduced and EMPEROR-Preserved studies further revealed that dapagliflozin and empagliflozin exert beneficial effects on cardiovascular outcomes regardless of the presence or absence of diabetes [26, 31].”
BackgroundFirst myocardial infarction: risk factors, symptoms, and medical therapy
Nurmohamed, N. S., Ngo‐Metzger, Q., Taub, P. R., Ray, K. K., Figtree, G. A., Bonaca, M. P., Hsia, J. A., Angadageri, S., Earls, J. P., Rodríguez, F., et al. (2025) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehaf390 · Cited by 49
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“Nevertheless, SGLT2 inhibitors seem to have a mode of action other than that of renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system inhibitors, given their additivity [8, 9].”
BackgroundSelf-citationTurgeon, R. D., Barry, A. R., Hawkins, N. M., & Ellis, U. M. (2021) · European Journal of Heart Failure · doi:10.1002/ejhf.2141 · Cited by 47
Epicardial adipose tissue in obesity-related cardiac dysfunction
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“This is underscored by the EMPEROR-Reduced trial wherein empagliflozin was found to be superior to placebo for preventing CVD-associated death and hospitalizations for worsening heart failure, irrespective of presence or absence of diabetes [33].”
MethodPleiotropic effects of SGLT2 inhibitors and heart failure outcomes
Theofilis, P., Sagris, Μ., Oikonomou, E. K., Antonopoulos, A. S., Siasos, G., Tsioufis, K., & Tousoulis, D. (2022) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2022.109927 · Cited by 46
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Self-citationRodriguez‐Valadez, J. M., Tahsin, M., Fleischmann, K. E., Masharani, U. B., Yeboah, J., Park, M., Li, L., Weber, E. S., Li, Y., Berkalieva, A., et al. (2023) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc22-0772 · Cited by 46
SGLT-2 Inhibitors and the Inflammasome: What’s Next in the 21st Century?
Kounatidis, D. C., Vallianou, N. G., Evangelopoulos, A. A., Vlahodimitris, I., Grivakou, E., Kotsi, E., Dimitriou, K., Skourtis, A., & Mourouzis, I. S. (2023) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu15102294 · Cited by 44
“DAPA-HF demonstrated that among patients with HFrEF, patients who were administered dapagliflozin had a lower risk of death from CVD causes and a lower risk of worsening HF [34].”
BackgroundTakano, M., Kondo, H., Harada, T., Takahashi, M., Ishii, Y., Yamasaki, H., Tong, S., Akiyoshi, K., Shuto, T., Teshima, Y., et al. (2023) · JACC Basic to Translational Science · doi:10.1016/j.jacbts.2023.05.007 · Cited by 44
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“Together with DAPA-HF, EMPEROR-Reduced demonstrated the class effect of SGLT2is in HFrEF, firmly establishing these agents as part of the GDMT [41].”
SGLT2 inhibitors: a focus on cardiac benefits and potential mechanisms
Muric, M. D., Zivkovic, V. I., Joksimović, J., Sretenovic, J. Z., Davidović, G., Simovic, S. M., Djoković, D., Muric, N. N., Bolevich, S., & Jakovljevic, V. L. (2021) · Heart Failure Reviews · doi:10.1007/s10741-021-10079-9 · Cited by 46
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SGLT2 Inhibitors in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Heart Failure—A Concise Review
Adamczak, D., Ahmed, N., Tariq, H., Walgamage, M., WALGAMAGE, T., Mohammed, A., Chou, J. T.-T., Kałużna‐Oleksy, M., Lesiak, M., & Straburzyńska‐Migaj, E. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm11061470 · Cited by 46
“As in the DAPA-HF trial, the EMPEROR-Reduced trial demonstrated that patients with HF benefited from EMPA therapy, regardless of the presence or absence of T2DM [32].”
MethodRecent advances in the pharmacological therapy of chronic heart failure: Evidence and guidelines
Tsutsui, H. (2022) · Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108185 · Cited by 43
Self-citationThiele, K., Rau, M., Hartmann, N. K., Möller, M. J., Möllmann, J., Jankowski, J., Keszei, A. P., Böhm, M., Floege, J., Marx, N., et al. (2022) · ESC Heart Failure · doi:10.1002/ehf2.13955 · Cited by 44
Self-citationA Year in Heart Failure: An Update of Recent Findings
Stretti, L., Zippo, D., Coats, A. J. S., Anker, M. S., von Haehling, S., Metra, M., & Tomasoni, D. (2021) · ESC Heart Failure · doi:10.1002/ehf2.13760 · Cited by 44
“001).(130) The empagliflozin group also showed a slower”
BackgroundMannucci, E., Gallo, M., Giaccari, A., Candido, R., Pintaudi, B., Targher, G., Monami, M., & Diabetes, T. S. J. P. F. I. G. O. T. O. T. 2. (2022) · Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.14888 · Cited by 44
Goldman, A., Fishman, B., Twig, G., Raschi, E., Cukierman‐Yaffe, T., Moshkovits, Y., Pomerantz, A., Ben‐Zvi, I., Dankner, R. S., & Maor, E. (2023) · Cardiovascular Diabetology · doi:10.1186/s12933-023-01743-5 · Cited by 42
“Therefore, clinical trials were designed to assess their role in patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction and found a lower risk of cardiovascular death or hospitalizations irrespective of diabetes status [5, 6].”
BackgroundMethodChung, C., Lin, Y., Chen, Y., Kao, Y., Yeh, Y., Trang, N. N., & Chen, Y. (2023) · Cardiovascular Diabetology · doi:10.1186/s12933-023-01756-0 · Cited by 43
“Introduction Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) are novel class of anti-diabetic agents that reduce the risk of cardiovascular death and hospitalization in patients with heart failure (HF) and type 2 diabetes [1, 2].”
BackgroundEmpagliflozin in Heart Failure: Regional Nephron Sodium Handling Effects
Rao, V. S., Ivey-Miranda, J. B., Cox, Z. L., Moreno-Villagómez, J., Maulion, C., Bellumkonda, L., Chang, J. J., Field, M. P., Wiederin, D. R., Butler, J., et al. (2023) · Journal of the American Society of Nephrology · doi:10.1681/asn.0000000000000269 · Cited by 44
Self-citationKani, R., Watanabe, A., Miyamoto, Y., Ejiri, K., Iwagami, M., Takagi, H., Slipczuk, L. N., Tsugawa, Y., Aikawa, T., & Kuno, T. (2024) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.123.031805 · Cited by 46
The double burden: type 1 diabetes and heart failure—a comprehensive review
Julián, M. T., de, A. P.-M., Julve, J., & Alonso, N. (2024) · Cardiovascular Diabetology · doi:10.1186/s12933-024-02136-y · Cited by 52
“…findings, recent randomized clinical trials (RCTs) have been conducted involving patients with HFrEF (DAPA-HF [130] and EMPEROR-Reduced trials [131]) and HFpEF (EMPEROR-Preserved and DELIVER trials [130, 132]), in which HF outcomes were the primary objective, and including patients both with…”
BackgroundCARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE, SIGNALING, GENE/CELL THERAPY AND ADVANCED NANOBIOMATERIALS
Erdil, N. (2024) · Advances in Biology & Earth Sciences · doi:10.62476/abes9s58 · Cited by 43
Milder, T. Y., STOCKER, S. L., Day, R. O., & Greenfield, J. R. (2020) · Drug Safety · doi:10.1007/s40264-020-01010-6 · Cited by 43
“Indeed, in two heart failure trials (DAPA-HF and EMPEROR-Reduced) and a CKD trial (DAPA-CKD) where the primary endpoint was met, the effect of the SGLT2 inhibitor on the primary outcome was consistent in participants irrespective of the presence or absence of diabetes [9, 18, 19].”
BackgroundGiugliano, D., Longo, M., Caruso, P., Maiorino, M. I., Bellastella, G., & Esposito, K. (2021) · Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.14374 · Cited by 42
Cardiovascular Outcome in Patients Treated With SGLT2 Inhibitors for Heart Failure: A Meta-Analysis
Gager, G. M., Gelbenegger, G., Jilma, B., von Lewinski, D., Sourij, H., Eyileten, C., Filipiak, K. J., Postula, M. A., & Siller-Matula, J. M. (2021) · Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.3389/fcvm.2021.691907 · Cited by 46
Savarese, G., Butler, J., Lund, L. H., Bhatt, D. L., & Anker, S. D. (2021) · Cardiovascular Research · doi:10.1093/cvr/cvab271 · Cited by 45
Self-citationEligibility for Dapagliflozin and Empagliflozin in a Real-world Heart Failure Population
Thorvaldsen, T., Ferrannini, G., Mellbin, L., Benson, L., Cosentino, F., McMurray, J. J. V., Dahlström, U., Lund, L. H., & Savarese, G. (2022) · Journal of Cardiac Failure · doi:10.1016/j.cardfail.2022.04.011 · Cited by 45
Spallone, V., & Valensi, P. E. (2021) · Diabetes & Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.diabet.2021.101224 · Cited by 44
Drews, T. E. I., Laukkanen, J. A., & Nieminen, T. V. M. (2021) · ESC Heart Failure · doi:10.1002/ehf2.13475 · Cited by 51
McCullough, P. A., Amin, A., Pantalone, K. M., & Ronco, C. (2022) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.121.024139 · Cited by 44
“28,29 The SGLT2 inhibitor class offers a new option that can have meaningful effects on the cardiorenal nexus: SGLT2 inhibition decreased CKD progression and CVD events in patients with CKD in DAPA-CKD 23 and reduced adverse CVD-related outcomes including worsening HF in DAPA-HF, 24 EMPEROR-Reduced, 25 and EMPEROR-Pre…”
BackgroundInfluentialPost-transplant diabetes mellitus following heart transplantation
Newman, J. D., Schlendorf, K. H., Cox, Z. L., ZALAWADIYA, S. K., Powers, A. C., Niswender, K. D., Shah, R. V., & Lindenfeld, J. M. (2022) · The Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation · doi:10.1016/j.healun.2022.07.011 · Cited by 47
Impact of SGLT2 inhibitors on patient outcomes: a network meta-analysis
Chen, J., Pan, H., Shiao, C., Chuang, M., See, C. Y., Yeh, T.-H., Yang, Y., Chu, W.-K., & Wu, V. (2023) · Cardiovascular Diabetology · doi:10.1186/s12933-023-02035-8 · Cited by 44
“Among the 14 studies, four enrolled patients with empagliflozin [6, 9, 20, 27], and another three included patients with dapagliflozin [8, 28, 29].”
BackgroundCausland, F. R. M., Claggett, B. L., Vaduganathan, M., Desai, A. S., Jhund, P. S., Vardeny, O., Fang, J. C.-T., de Boer, R. A., Docherty, K. F., Hernandez, A. F., et al. (2023) · JAMA Cardiology · doi:10.1001/jamacardio.2023.4664 · Cited by 43
Self-citationBansal, N., Zelnick, L. R., Scherzer, R., Estrella, M. M., & Shlipak, M. G. (2024) · Circulation Heart Failure · doi:10.1161/circheartfailure.123.011173 · Cited by 44
Use of EMPAgliflozin in the prevention of CARDiotoxicity: the EMPACARD – PILOT trial
Daniele, A. J., Gregorietti, V., Costa, D., & López‐Fernández, T. (2024) · Cardio-Oncology · doi:10.1186/s40959-024-00260-y · Cited by 44
“Notably, the EMPEROR-Reduced and EMPEROR-Preserved trials led to the approval of empagliflozin for treating heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) [5, 6].”
BackgroundLavalle, C., Mariani, M. V., Severino, P., Palombi, M., Trivigno, S., D’Amato, A., Silvetti, G., Pierucci, N., Lullo, L. D., Chimenti, C., et al. (2024) · Cardiorenal Medicine · doi:10.1159/000541393 · Cited by 44
SGLT2 inhibitors in people with and without T2DM
Khunti, K. (2020) · Nature Reviews Endocrinology · doi:10.1038/s41574-020-00453-2 · Cited by 42
Sarafidis, P. A., Ortíz, A., Ferro, C. J., Halimi, J., Kreutz, R. H., Mallamaci, F., Mancia, G., & Wanner, C. (2021) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/hjh.0000000000002776 · Cited by 43
Self-citationProtective effects of SGLT-2 inhibitors across the cardiorenal continuum: two faces of the same coin
Fontes‐Carvalho, R., Santos‐Ferreira, D., Raz, I., Marx, N., Ruschitzka, F. T., & Cosentino, F. (2021) · European Journal of Preventive Cardiology · doi:10.1093/eurjpc/zwab034 · Cited by 42
Current status on the therapeutic strategies for heart failure and diabetic cardiomyopathy
Kim, A. H., Jang, J. E., & Han, J. (2021) · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112463 · Cited by 47
Association of Baseline HbA1c With Cardiovascular and Renal Outcomes: Analyses From DECLARE-TIMI 58
Cahn, A., Wiviott, S. D., Mosenzon, O., Goodrich, E. L., Murphy, S. A., Yanuv, I., Rozenberg, A., Bhatt, D. L., Leiter, L. A., McGuire, D. K., et al. (2022) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc21-1744 · Cited by 42
Translational studies of adrenomedullin and related peptides regarding cardiovascular diseases
Kita, T., & Kitamura, K. (2022) · Hypertension Research · doi:10.1038/s41440-021-00806-y · Cited by 43
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Self-citationBenedikt, M., Mangge, H., Aziz, F., Curcic, P., Pailer, S., Herrmann, M., Kolesnik, E., Tripolt, N. J., Pferschy, P. N., Wallner, M., et al. (2023) · Cardiovascular Diabetology · doi:10.1186/s12933-023-01904-6 · Cited by 44
Time to Benefit of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors Among Patients With Heart Failure
Chen, K., Nie, Z., Shi, R., Yu, D., Wang, Q., Shao, F., Wu, G., Wu, Z., Chen, T., & Li, C. (2023) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.30754 · Cited by 41
Young, K., McInnes, E. H., Massey, R. J., Kahkoska, A. R., Pilla, S. J., Raghavan, S., Stanislawski, M. A., Tobias, D. K., McGovern, A. P., Dawed, A. Y., et al. (2023) · Communications Medicine · doi:10.1038/s43856-023-00359-w · Cited by 44
Chen, J., Jiang, C., Guo, M., Zeng, Y., Jiang, Z., Zhang, D., Tu, M., Tan, X., Yan, P., Xu, X.-M., et al. (2024) · Cardiovascular Diabetology · doi:10.1186/s12933-023-02042-9 · Cited by 49
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: diagnosis, risk assessment, and treatment
von Haehling, S., Aßmus, B., Bekfani, T., Dworatzek, E., Edelmann, F., Hashemi, D., Hellenkamp, K., Kempf, T., Raake, P., Schütt, K. A., et al. (2024) · Clinical Research in Cardiology · doi:10.1007/s00392-024-02396-4 · Cited by 49
Self-citationVericiguat Global Study in Participants with Chronic Heart Failure: Design of the VICTOR Trial
Reddy, Y. N. V., Butler, J., Anstrom, K. J., Blaustein, R. O., Bonaca, M. P., Corda, S., Ezekowitz, J. A., Lam, C. S. P., Lewis, E. F., Lindenfeld, J., et al. (2024) · European Journal of Heart Failure · doi:10.1002/ejhf.3501 · Cited by 44
Self-citationVaduganathan, M., Greene, S. J., Zhang, S., Grau‐Sepulveda, M. V., DeVore, A. D., Butler, J., Heidenreich, P. A., Huang, J., Kittleson, M. M., Maddox, K. E. J., et al. (2020) · JAMA Cardiology · doi:10.1001/jamacardio.2020.5864 · Cited by 41
Self-citationSGLT2 inhibitors may offer benefit beyond diabetes
Kang, A., & Jardine, M. (2020) · Nature Reviews Nephrology · doi:10.1038/s41581-020-00391-2 · Cited by 41
Yuan, L., Li, F., Fan, Y., Yu, Y., Chen, M., & Xi, J. (2021) · European Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ejim.2021.03.020 · Cited by 42
Packer, M., Januzzi, J. L., Ferreira, J. P., Anker, S. D., Butler, J., Filippatos, G. S., Pocock, S., Brueckmann, M., Jamal, W., Cotton, D., et al. (2021) · European Journal of Heart Failure · doi:10.1002/ejhf.2256 · Cited by 41
Self-citationThe Forgotten Antiproteinuric Properties of Diuretics
Trujillo, H., Caravaca‐Fontán, F., Caro, J., Morales, E., & Praga, M. (2021) · American Journal of Nephrology · doi:10.1159/000517020 · Cited by 41
Mitochondrial Effects of Common Cardiovascular Medications: The Good, the Bad and the Mixed
Bețiu, A. M., Noveanu, L., Hâncu, I. M., Lascu, A., Petrescu, L., Maack, C., Elmér, E., & Muntean, D. M. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms232113653 · Cited by 41
Razuk, V., Chiarito, M., Cao, D., Nicolas, J., Pivato, C. A., Camaj, A., Power, D., Beerkens, F., Jones, D., Alter, A., et al. (2022) · European Heart Journal - Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1093/ehjcvp/pvac001 · Cited by 41
Potential mechanisms of beneficial effect of sacubitril/valsartan on glycemic control
Seferović, J. P., Solomon, S. D., & Seely, E. W. (2020) · Therapeutic Advances in Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1177/2042018820970444 · Cited by 41
The role of bioelectrical phase angle in patients with heart failure
Scicchitano, P., & Massari, F. (2022) · Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders · doi:10.1007/s11154-022-09757-2 · Cited by 40
Management of traditional risk factors for the development and progression of chronic kidney disease
Lo, R. H., Narasaki, Y., Lei, S., & Rhee, C. M. (2023) · Clinical Kidney Journal · doi:10.1093/ckj/sfad101 · Cited by 40
“SGLT-2 inhibitors in particular have shown significant promise with trials demonstrating not only reductions in cardiovascular death and heart failure hospitalizations by 25%, but also 50% reduction in the incidence of kidney replacement therapy or sustained loss of eGFR [68].”
BackgroundInflammation as a therapeutic target in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Peh, Z. H., Dihoum, A., Hutton, D. L., Arthur, J. S. C., Rena, G., Khan, F., Lang, C. C., & Mordi, I. R. (2023) · Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.3389/fcvm.2023.1125687 · Cited by 46
The relationship between SGLT2 and systemic blood pressure regulation
Ahwin, P., & Martinez, D. (2024) · Hypertension Research · doi:10.1038/s41440-024-01723-6 · Cited by 46
Greene, S. J., Tan, X., Yeh, Y., Bernauer, M. J., Zaidi, O., Yang, M., & Butler, J. (2021) · Heart Failure Reviews · doi:10.1007/s10741-021-10077-x · Cited by 40
Self-citationJAK2 wild-type erythrocytosis associated with sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor therapy
Gangat, N., Szuber, N., Alkhateeb, H. B., Al‐Kali, A., Pardanani, A. D., & Tefferi, A. (2021) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood.2021013996 · Cited by 40
GLP-1 receptor agonists vs. SGLT-2 inhibitors: the gap seems to be leveling off
Giugliano, D., Scappaticcio, L., Longo, M., Bellastella, G., & Esposito, K. (2021) · Cardiovascular Diabetology · doi:10.1186/s12933-021-01400-9 · Cited by 44
“According to the results of both DAPA-HF [13] and EMPEROR-R [14], the FDA have approved both dapagliflozin and empagliflozin to reduce the risk of CV death or hospitalization for HF in adults with HF and reduced ejection fraction regardless of whether they have diabetes.”
Säemann, M. D., & Kronbichler, A. (2021) · Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases · doi:10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-221474 · Cited by 40
Zhang, Y., Liu, X., Zhang, H., & Wang, X. (2022) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2022.836455 · Cited by 44
“Additionally, empagliflozin also has exceptional profits, like cardiovascular protective actions (28), renal protection (29), lowering uric acid levels, and healing NAFLDassociated liver injury (30).”
BackgroundRossing, P. R., Inzucchi, S. E., Vart, P., Jongs, N., Docherty, K. F., Jhund, P. S., Køber, L., Kosiborod, M., Martínez, F. A., Ponikowski, P. P., et al. (2022) · UCL Discovery (University College London) · Cited by 40
Self-citationSarafidis, P., Papadopoulos, C. E., Kamperidis, V., Giannakoulas, G., & Doumas, M. (2021) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/hypertensionaha.121.17005 · Cited by 39
Liver tests and outcomes in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: findings from DAPA‐HF
Adamson, C., Cowan, L. M., de Boer, R. A., Díez, M., Dróżdż, J., Dukát, A., Inzucchi, S. E., Køber, L., Kosiborod, M., Ljungman, C. E. A., et al. (2022) · European Journal of Heart Failure · doi:10.1002/ejhf.2649 · Cited by 43
Self-citationMuscoli, S., Barillà, F., Tajmir, R., Meloni, M., Della‐Morte, D., Bellia, A., Daniele, N. D., Lauro, D., & Andreadi, A. (2022) · Pharmaceutics · doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics14081730 · Cited by 39
“In addition, empagliflozin was associated with a lower combined risk of cardiovascular death or HFH than placebo and a slower progressive decline in renal function in the patients with chronic HFrEF, whether or not diabetes was present [23].”
BackgroundObesity as a risk factor for cardiac arrhythmias
Patel, K. H. K., Reddy, R. K., Sau, A., Sivanandarajah, P., Ardissino, M., & Ng, F. S. (2022) · BMJ Medicine · doi:10.1136/bmjmed-2022-000308 · Cited by 43
Avgerinos, K. I., Mullins, R. J., Vreones, M. P., Mustapić, M., Chen, Q., Melvin, D. L., Kapogiannis, D., & Egan, J. M. (2022) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells11213372 · Cited by 41
“Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) were originally approved for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) because they lower blood glucose and HbA1c levels.”
BackgroundInfluentialProietti, R., Rivera‐Caravaca, J. M., López‐Gálvez, R., Harrison, S. L., Marín, F. R., Underhill, P., Shantsila, E., McDowell, G., Vinciguerra, M., Davies, R., et al. (2023) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm12082814 · Cited by 40
“Both the DAPA-HF [20] and EMPEROR-Reduced trial [21] have shown that in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction, the benefit of SGLT2i are independent of diabetes mellitus.”
MethodSGLT2 inhibitors for patients with type 2 diabetes and CKD: a narrative review
Thomas, M. C., Neuen, B. L., Twigg, S. M., Cooper, M. E., & Badve, S. V. (2023) · Endocrine Connections · doi:10.1530/ec-23-0005 · Cited by 45
“The rate of eGFR decline was also significantly slower with empagliflozin treatment compared with placebo (33).”
InfluentialComorbidity of patients with noncommunicable diseases in general practice. Eurasian guidelines
Drapkina, O. M., Васильевна, К. А., Калинина, А. М., Avdeev, S. N., Викторович, А. М., Алексеева, Л. И., Almazova, I. I., Andreenko, Е. Y., Antipushina, D. N., Balanova, Y. А., et al. (2024) · CARDIOVASCULAR THERAPY AND PREVENTION · doi:10.15829/1728-8800-2024-3996 · Cited by 55
Matteucci, A., Pandozi, C., Bonanni, M., Mariani, M. V., Sgarra, L., Nesti, L., Pierucci, N., Fazia, V. M. L., Lavalle, C., Nardi, F., et al. (2025) · Heart Rhythm · doi:10.1016/j.hrthm.2025.09.023 · Cited by 41
Johansen, M. E., & Argyropoulos, C. (2020) · Clinical Cardiology · doi:10.1002/clc.23508 · Cited by 39
Mitochondrial Ca2+, redox environment and ROS emission in heart failure: Two sides of the same coin?
Cortassa, S. C., Juhaszova, M., Aon, M. A., Zorov, D. B., & Sollott, S. J. (2020) · Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.yjmcc.2020.11.013 · Cited by 39
“Results of the DAPA-HF and EMPEROR-Reduced trials offered additional encouraging data and confirmed that both dapagliflozin [166] and empagliflozin [170] reduce the risk of cardiovascular death or hospitalization for HFrEF in patients with or without T2D, suggesting a class-effect of these drugs, and supporting the ra…”
ResultAbrahami, D., D'Andrea, E., Yin, H., Kim, S. C., Paik, J. M., Wexler, D., Azoulay, L., & Patorno, E. (2023) · Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.15196 · Cited by 39
Packer, M., Zannad, F. M., & Anker, S. D. (2021) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.121.056657 · Cited by 40
Self-citationVukadinović, D., Abdin, A., Anker, S. D., Rosano, G. M. C., Mahfoud, F., Packer, M., Butler, J., & Böhm, M. (2022) · European Journal of Heart Failure · doi:10.1002/ejhf.2584 · Cited by 41
Self-citationHamada, T., Kubo, T., Kawai, K., Nakaoka, Y., Yabe, T., Furuno, T., Yamada, E., Kitaoka, H., & study, K. Y. (2022) · ESC Heart Failure · doi:10.1002/ehf2.14163 · Cited by 38
Empagliflozin protects against renal ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice
Wang, Q., Ju, F., Li, J., Liu, T., Zuo, Y., Abbott, G. W., & Hu, Z. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-24103-x · Cited by 39
Updates in Cardiorenal Syndrome
McCallum, W. I., & Testani, J. M. (2023) · Medical Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.mcna.2023.03.011 · Cited by 45
The economics of heart failure care
Chen, W., Heidenreich, P. A., & Sandhu, A. T. (2024) · Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2024.01.010 · Cited by 40
The clinical benefits of sodium–glucose cotransporter type 2 inhibitors in people with gout
Yokose, C., McCormick, N., Abhishek, A., Dalbeth, N., Pascart, T., Lioté, F., Gaffo, A., FitzGerald, J. D., Terkeltaub, R. A., Sise, M. E., et al. (2024) · Nature Reviews Rheumatology · doi:10.1038/s41584-024-01092-x · Cited by 42
“For example, in a secondary analysis of the EMPEROR-Reduced trial 64 , there was no evidence of baseline serum urate concentrations modifying the effect of empagliflozin on the primary composite outcome of first hospitalization for heart failure”
InfluentialSelf-citationZhang, Z., Wang, C., Tu, T., Lin, Q., Zhou, J., Huang, Y., Wu, K., Zhang, Z., Zuo, W., Liu, N., et al. (2024) · American Journal of Cardiovascular Drugs · doi:10.1007/s40256-024-00646-4 · Cited by 40
“The antihypertensive effects of MRAs and SGLT2is are mild and do not require discontinuation due to hypotension [36, 37], which can be used in patients with HF with low blood pressure for long-term maintenance.”
BackgroundDigital consults in heart failure care: a randomized controlled trial
Man, J. P., Koole, M. A. C., Meregalli, P. G., Handoko, M. L., Stienen, S., de Lange, F. J., Winter, M. M., Schijven, M. P., Kok, W. E. M., Kuipers, D. I., et al. (2024) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41591-024-03238-6 · Cited by 38
Metadata
- Authors
- Packer, M., Anker, S. D., Butler, J., Filippatos, G., Pocock, S. J., Carson, P., Januzzi, J., Verma, S., Tsutsui, H., Brueckmann, M., Jamal, W., Kimura, K., Schnee, J., Zeller, C., Cotton, D., Bocchi, E., Böhm, M., Choi, D.-J., Chopra, V., Chuquiure, E., Giannetti, N., Janssens, S., Zhang, J., Gonzalez Juanatey, J. R., Kaul, S., Brunner-La Rocca, H.-P., Merkely, B., Nicholls, S. J., Perrone, S., Pina, I., Ponikowski, P., Sattar, N., Senni, M., Seronde, M.-F., Spinar, J., Squire, I., Taddei, S., Wanner, C., & Zannad, F.
- Affiliations
- University of Leicester (GB)
- Harvard University (US)
- St. Michael's Hospital (CA)
- Kyushu University (JP)
- Boehringer Ingelheim (Germany) (DE)
- Seoul National University (KR)
- From Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas (M.P.); Imperial College (M.P.) and the Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (S.J.P.), London, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow (N.S.), and the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester and National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester (I.S.) — all in the United...
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (US)
- University of Pisa (IT)
- ORCID
- Packer, Milton
- Anker, Stefan D.
- Butler, Javed
- Filippatos, Gerasimos
- Pocock, Stuart J.
- Januzzi, James
- Verma, Subodh
- Tsutsui, Hiroyuki
- Brueckmann, Martina
- Jamal, Waheed
- Kimura, Karen
- Schnee, Janet
- Zeller, Cordula
- Cotton, Daniel
- Bocchi, Edimar
- Böhm, Michael
- Choi, Dong-Ju
- Chopra, Vijay
- Giannetti, Nadia
- Janssens, Stefan
- Zhang, Jian
- Kaul, Sanjay
- Nicholls, Stephen J.
- Perrone, Sergio
- Ponikowski, Piotr
- Sattar, Naveed
- Senni, Michele
- Seronde, Marie-France
- Squire, Iain
- Taddei, Stefano
- Wanner, Christoph
- Zannad, Faiez
- Venue
- New England Journal of Medicine
- Publisher
- Massachusetts Medical Society
- Published
- 2020-10-08
- Volume
- 383
- Issue
- 15
- Pages
- 1413-1424
- ISSN
- 0028-4793 (ISSN-L)
- 1533-4406
- OpenAlex
- W3081830235
- Semantic Scholar
- 9f762448aff37cda38166e57ac40bc13f0005f51
- Cited by
- 5,206
- References
- 10
- Citations by year
- 2026: 638 · 2025: 757 · 2024: 820 · 2023: 965 · 2022: 936 · 2021: 910 · 2020: 163
- FWCI
- 459.86
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- New England Journal of Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- ENLIGHTEN (Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam) (acceptedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- HAL (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- CINECA IRIS Institutial research information system (University of Pisa) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion)
- BOA (University of Milano-Bicocca) (submittedVersion)
- Research Publications (Maastricht University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- IRIS Research product catalog (Sapienza University of Rome) (submittedVersion)
- Lirias (submittedVersion)
- Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Boehringer Ingelheim
- Eli Lilly
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart Failure Treatment and Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Nephrology › Chronic Kidney Disease and Diabetes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
- Keywords
- empagliflozin, SGLT2 inhibitors, heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, cardiovascular mortality, hospitalization for worsening heart failure, renal outcomes, estimated glomerular filtration rate decline, genital tract infection, diabetes status, EMPEROR-Reduced trial
- MeSH terms
- Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors, Aged, Benzhydryl Compounds, Cardiovascular Diseases, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Double-Blind Method, Female, Glomerular Filtration Rate, Glucosides, Heart Failure, Hospitalization, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Stroke Volume, Proportional Hazards Models, Disease Progression, Renal Insufficiency, Chronic
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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