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Cited by 1,989Reproductive Health and ContraceptionAdolescent Sexual and Reproductive HealthHistorical Studies on Reproduction, Gender, Health, and Societal Changes

Declines in Unintended Pregnancy in the United States, 2008–2011

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Finer, Lawrence B., Zolna, Mia R.·2016·New England Journal of Medicine
DOI 10.1056/nejmsa1506575PMC PMC4861155
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Abstract

BACKGROUND: The rate of unintended pregnancy in the United States increased slightly between 2001 and 2008 and is higher than that in many other industrialized countries. National trends have not been reported since 2008. METHODS: We calculated rates of pregnancy for the years 2008 and 2011 according to women's and girls' pregnancy intentions and the outcomes of those pregnancies. We obtained data on pregnancy intentions from the National Survey of Family Growth and a national survey of patients who had abortions, data on births from the National Center for Health Statistics, and data on induced abortions from a national census of abortion providers; the number of miscarriages was estimated using data from the National Survey of Family Growth. RESULTS: Less than half (45%) of pregnancies were unintended in 2011, as compared with 51% in 2008. The rate of unintended pregnancy among women and girls 15 to 44 years of age declined by 18%, from 54 per 1000 in 2008 to 45 per 1000 in 2011. Rates of unintended pregnancy among those who were below the federal poverty level or cohabiting were two to three times the national average. Across population subgroups, disparities in the rates of unintended pregnancy persisted but narrowed between 2008 and 2011; the incidence of unintended pregnancy declined by more than 25% among girls who were 15 to 17 years of age, women who were cohabiting, those whose incomes were between 100% and 199% of the federal poverty level, those who did not have a high school education, and Hispanics. The percentage of unintended pregnancies that ended in abortion remained stable during the period studied (40% in 2008 and 42% in 2011). Among women and girls 15 to 44 years of age, the rate of unintended pregnancies that ended in birth declined from 27 per 1000 in 2008 to 22 per 1000 in 2011. CONCLUSIONS: After a previous period of minimal change, the rate of unintended pregnancy in the United States declined substantially between 2008 and 2011, but unintended pregnancies remained most common among women and girls who were poor and those who were cohabiting. (Funded by the Susan Thompson Buffett Foundation and the National Institutes of Health.).

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Authors
Finer, L. B., & Zolna, M. R.
Affiliations
Guttmacher Institute (US)
ORCID
Zolna, Mia R.
Venue
New England Journal of Medicine
Publisher
Massachusetts Medical Society
Published
2016-03-03
Volume
374
Issue
9
Pages
843-852
ISSN
  • 0028-4793 (ISSN-L)
  • 1533-4406
DOI
10.1056/nejmsa1506575
PMC
PMC4861155
OpenAlex
W2295442039
Cited by
1,989
References
0
Citations by year
2026: 46 · 2025: 98 · 2024: 142 · 2023: 169 · 2022: 204 · 2021: 295 · 2020: 274 · 2019: 240 · 2018: 249 · 2017: 181 · 2016: 86 · 2015: 2 · 2012: 1
FWCI
249.90
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • New England Journal of Medicine (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R24HD074034, R01HD059896)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Reproductive Health and Contraception
  • Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health
  • Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › History › Historical Studies on Reproduction, Gender, Health, and Societal Changes
Keywords
unintended pregnancy, pregnancy intention, abortion, miscarriage, adolescent pregnancy, low-income women, cohabitation, racial and ethnic disparities, pregnancy outcomes, temporal trends, United States, National Survey of Family Growth, abortion providers, federal poverty level, Hispanic women, educational attainment, reproductive health, family planning access
MeSH terms
Abortion, Induced, Adolescent, Adult, Female, Humans, Pregnancy, Religion, Socioeconomic Factors, United States, Incidence, Pregnancy, Unplanned, Young Adult

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