Cited by 357Cervical Cancer and HPV ResearchWomen's cancer prevention and managementEndometrial and Cervical Cancer Treatments

The IARC Perspective on Cervical Cancer Screening

Open access
Bouvard, Véronique, Wentzensen, Nicolas, Mackie, Anne, Berkhof, Johannes, Brotherton, Julia, Giorgi-Rossi, Paolo, Kupets, Rachel, Smith, Robert +23 more·2021·New England Journal of Medicine

Abstract

In May 2018, the World Health Organization (WHO) called for a global initiative to eliminate cervical cancer as a public health problem. To achieve this goal, global scale-up of effective vaccination against the human papillomavirus (HPV) as well as screening for and treatment of cervical cancer are required. Cervical cancer screening was evaluated in 2005 by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Handbooks program,1 and a reevaluation was deemed to be timely given the major advances in the field since then. The new handbook provides updated evaluations of the effectiveness of screening methods, which were used as a basis for the update of the WHO Guideline for Screening and Treatment of Cervical Pre-cancer Lesions for Cervical Cancer Prevention.2 We convened an IARC Working Group of 27 scientists from 20 countries to assess the evidence on the current approaches to and technologies used in cervical cancer screening with the use of the newly updated Handbooks Preamble3 (Fig. 1) and Table 1).

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1056/nejmsr2030640

Cites

65 of 65 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • HPV-based cervical screening every 5 years is more accurate and cost-effective than 3 yearly VIA screening and decreases both incidence and mortality due to cervical cancer.

    “HPV-based cervical screening every 5 years is more accurate and cost-effective than 3 yearly VIA screening and decreases both incidence and mortality due to cervical cancer.6 7”

    From Protocol for a cervical screening implementation trial comparing two approaches for delivering HPV self-collection in low-resource settings in India: a type 3 hybrid cluster randomised controlled trial (SHE-CAN) (2025) · cites this paper as [7]

    The sections on HPV DNA testing compared with VIA and on screening effectiveness report better detection of precancerous lesions and greater reductions in cervical cancer and associated mortality with HPV testing. The copy does not establish the specific comparison of HPV screening every five years with VIA every three years, or show that the former is more cost-effective. It describes VIA as low-cost but does not provide that economic comparison. (LLM, conf=0.88)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 4

  1. [1]Cervix cancer screening. IARC handbooks of cancer prevention. Vol. 10. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2005 (https://publications.iarc.fr/380).
  2. [2]WHO guideline for screening and treatment of cervical precancer lesions for cervical cancer prevention. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2021. 34314129
  3. [8]Serrano B, Roura E, Guijarro P, National cervical cancer screening programs and coverage worldwide. Presented at the 33rd International Papillomavirus Conference, virtual, July 20–24, 2020.
  4. [11]Cervical cancer screening. IARC handbooks of cancer prevention. Vol. 18. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer (in press).

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Bouvard, V., Wentzensen, N., Mackie, A., Berkhof, J., Brotherton, J., Giorgi-Rossi, P., Kupets, R., Smith, R., Arrossi, S., Bendahhou, K., Canfell, K., Chirenje, Z. M., Chung, M. H., del Pino, M., de Sanjosé, S., Elfström, M., Franco, E. L., Hamashima, C., Hamers, F. F., Herrington, C. S., Murillo, R., Sangrajrang, S., Sankaranarayanan, R., Saraiya, M., Schiffman, M., Zhao, F., Arbyn, M., Prendiville, W., Indave Ruiz, B. I., Mosquera-Metcalfe, I., & Lauby-Secretan, B.
Affiliations
  • The University of Sydney (AU)
  • From the International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon (V.B., W.P., B.I.I.R., I.M.M., B.L.-S.), and the National Public Health Agency, Saint-Maurice (F.F.H.) — both in France; the National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD (N.W., M. Schiffman); Public Health England and Screening, London (A.M.); Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (J. Berkhof); VCS Foundation, Melbourne, VIC (J. Brotherton), Australia; Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale — IRCCS Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy (P.G.R.); the University of Toronto, Toronto (R.K.); the American Cancer Society (R. Smith), Emory University (M.H.C.), and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (M. Saraiya) — all in Atlanta; the Center for the Study of the State and Society, and the National Scientific and Technical Research Council — both in Buenos Aires (S.A.); the Casablanca Cancer Registry, Casablanca, Morocco (K.B.); The Daffodil Centre, a joint venture between the Cancer Council NSW and the University of Sydney, King’s Cross, NSW, Austra...
Venue
New England Journal of Medicine
Published
2021-11-11
Volume
385
Issue
20
Pages
1908-1918
ISSN
  • 0028-4793 (ISSN-L)
  • 1533-4406
OpenAlex
W3213089363
Cited by
357
References
65
Citations by year
2026: 63 · 2025: 86 · 2024: 98 · 2023: 77 · 2022: 32 · 2021: 1
FWCI
37.47
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • New England Journal of Medicine (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Amsterdam UMC (VU Amsterdam) - Institutional Repository (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
  • Edinburgh Research Explorer (University of Edinburgh) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • CONICET Digital (CONICET) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
  • Institutional Repositories DataBase (IRDB) (submittedVersion)
  • Minerva Access (University of Melbourne) (submittedVersion)
  • Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • World Health Organization
  • National Institutes of Health
  • Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (20K10331)
  • National Cancer Institute (ZIACP010124)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Cervical Cancer and HPV Research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Women's cancer prevention and management
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Endometrial and Cervical Cancer Treatments
Keywords
cervical cancer screening, cervical cancer elimination, screening effectiveness, HPV vaccination, WHO guidelines, cervical cancer prevention, cervical cancer treatment
MeSH terms
Uterine Cervical Neoplasms, Female, Humans, Mass Screening, World Health Organization, Practice Guidelines as Topic, Early Detection of Cancer

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review