The DOI matches its Crossref record; 23 of the 23 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
H5N1 influenza: A protean pandemic threat
Open accessAbstract
Infection with avian influenza A virus of the H5N1 subtype (isolates A/HK/212/03 and A/HK/213/03) was fatal to one of two members of a family in southern China in 2003. This incident was preceded by lethal outbreaks of H5N1 influenza in waterfowl, which are the natural hosts of these viruses and, therefore, normally have asymptomatic infection. The hemagglutinin genes of the A/HK/212/03-like viruses isolated from humans and waterfowl share the lineage of the H5N1 viruses that caused the first known cases of human disease in Hong Kong in 1997, but their internal protein genes originated elsewhere. The hemagglutinin of the recent human isolates has undergone significant antigenic drift. Like the 1997 human H5N1 isolates, the 2003 human H5N1 isolates induced the overproduction of proinflammatory cytokines by primary human macrophages in vitro , whereas the precursor H5N1 viruses and other H5N1 reassortants isolated in 2001 did not. The acquisition by the viruses of characteristics that enhance virulence in humans and waterfowl and their potential for wider distribution by infected migrating birds are causes for renewed pandemic concern.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Evolution and ecology of influenza A viruses
Webster, R. G., Bean, W. J., Gorman, O. T., Chambers, T. M., & Kawaoka, Y. (1992) · Microbiological Reviews · doi:10.1128/mr.56.1.152-179.1992 · Cited by 4,739
Self-citationSubbarao, K., Klimov, A., Katz, J., Regnery, H., Lim, W., Hall, H., Perdue, M., Swayne, D., Bender, C., Huang, J., et al. (1998) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.279.5349.393 · Cited by 1,362
Self-citationMolecular Basis for High Virulence of Hong Kong H5N1 Influenza A Viruses
Hatta, M., Gao, P., Halfmann, P., & Kawaoka, Y. (2001) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1062882 · Cited by 1,338
Yuen, K., Chan, P., Peiris, M., Tsang, D., Que, T., Shortridge, K., Cheung, P., To, W., Ho, E., Sung, R., et al. (1998) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(98)01182-9 · Cited by 1,052
Self-citationCheung, C., Poon, L., Lau, A., Luk, W., Lau, Y., Shortridge, K., Gordon, S., Guan, Y., & Peiris, J. (2002) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(02)11772-7 · Cited by 889
Self-citationRe-emergence of fatal human influenza A subtype H5N1 disease
Peiris, J., Yu, W., Leung, C., Cheung, C., Ng, W., Nicholls, J., Ng, T., Chan, K., Lai, S., Lim, W., et al. (2004) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(04)15595-5 · Cited by 812
Self-citationXu, X., Subbarao, K., Cox, N. J., & Guo, Y. (1999) · Virology · doi:10.1006/viro.1999.9820 · Cited by 801
Lethal H5N1 influenza viruses escape host anti-viral cytokine responses
Heui Seo, S., Hoffmann, E., & Webster, R. G. (2002) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm757 · Cited by 654
Self-citationGuo, Y. J., Krauss, S., Senne, D. A., Mo, I. P., Lo, K. S., Xiong, X. P., Norwood, M., Shortridge, K. F., Webster, R. G., & Guan, Y. (2000) · Virology · doi:10.1006/viro.1999.0115 · Cited by 462
Self-citationHa, Y., Stevens, D. J., Skehel, J. J., & Wiley, D. C. (2001) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.201401198 · Cited by 430
Cited by
Cellular immune correlates of protection against symptomatic pandemic influenza
Sridhar, S., Begom, S., Bermingham, A., Hoschler, K., Adamson, W., Carman, W., Bean, T., Barclay, W., Deeks, J. J., & Lalvani, A. (2013) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.3350 · Cited by 862
Stevens, J., Blixt, O., Glaser, L., Taubenberger, J. K., Palese, P., Paulson, J. C., & Wilson, I. A. (2006) · Journal of Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2005.11.002 · Cited by 613
Host heterogeneity dominates West Nile virus transmission
Marm Kilpatrick, A., Daszak, P., Jones, M. J., Marra, P. P., & Kramer, L. D. (2006) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2006.3575 · Cited by 533
Chan, M., Cheung, C., Chui, W., Tsao, S., Nicholls, J., Chan, Y., Chan, R., Long, H., Poon, L., Guan, Y., et al. (2005) · Respiratory Research · doi:10.1186/1465-9921-6-135 · Cited by 510
Self-citationEnhanced virulence of influenza A viruses with the haemagglutinin of the 1918 pandemic virus
Kobasa, D., Takada, A., Shinya, K., Hatta, M., Halfmann, P., Theriault, S., Suzuki, H., Nishimura, H., Mitamura, K., Sugaya, N., et al. (2004) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature02951 · Cited by 455
Metadata
- Authors
- Guan, Y., Poon, L. L. M., Cheung, C. Y., Ellis, T. M., Lim, W., Lipatov, A. S., Chan, K. H., Sturm-Ramirez, K. M., Cheung, C. L., Leung, Y. H. C., Yuen, K. Y., Webster, R. G., & Peiris, J. S. M.
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2004-05-17
- Volume
- 101
- Issue
- 21
- Pages
- 8156-8161
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- OpenAlex
- W2107937020
- Cited by
- 398
- References
- 23
- FWCI
- 30.61
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: H5N1 influenza: A protean pandemic threat. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1073/pnas.0402443101
- The paper
- Guan, Y., Poon, L. L. M., Cheung, C. Y., Ellis, T. M., Lim, W., Lipatov, A. S., Chan, K. H., Sturm-Ramirez, K. M., Cheung, C. L., Leung, Y. H. C., Yuen, K. Y., Webster, R. G., & Peiris, J. S. M. (2004). H5N1 influenza: A protean pandemic threat. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0402443101
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
