Cited by 515Influenza Virus Research StudiesRespiratory viral infections researchinterferon and immune responses

Proinflammatory cytokine responses induced by influenza A (H5N1) viruses in primary human alveolar and bronchial epithelial cells

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Chan, MCW, Cheung, CY, Chui, WH, Tsao, SW, Nicholls, JM, Chan, YO, Chan, RWY, Long, HT +3 more·2005·Respiratory Research

Abstract

Background: Fatal human respiratory disease associated with influenza A subtype H5N1 has been documented in Hong Kong, and more recently in Vietnam, Thailand and Cambodia. We previously demonstrated that patients with H5N1 disease had unusually high serum levels of IP-10 (interferon-gamma-inducible protein-10). Furthermore, when compared with human influenza virus subtype H1N1, the H5N1 viruses in 1997 (A/Hong Kong/483/97) (H5N1/97) were more potent inducers of pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g. tumor necrosis factor-a) and chemokines (e.g. IP-10) from primary human macrophages in vitro, which suggests that cytokines dysregulation may play a role in pathogenesis of H5N1 disease. Since respiratory epithelial cells are the primary target cell for replication of influenza viruses, it is pertinent to investigate the cytokine induction profile of H5N1 viruses in these cells. Methods: We used quantitative RT-PCR and ELISA to compare the profile of cytokine and chemokine gene expression induced by H5N1 viruses A/HK/483/97 (H5N1/97), A/Vietnam/1194/04 and A/Vietnam/3046/04 (both H5N1/04) with that of human H1N1 virus in human primary alveolar and bronchial epithelial cells in vitro. Results: We demonstrated that in comparison to human H1N1 viruses, H5N1/97 and H5N1/04 viruses were more potent inducers of IP-10, interferon beta, RANTES (regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) in primary human alveolar and bronchial epithelial cells in vitro. Recent H5N1 viruses from Vietnam (H5N1/04) appeared to be even more potent at inducing IP-10 than H5N1/97 virus. Conclusion: The H5N1/97 and H5N1/04 subtype influenza A viruses are more potent inducers of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in primary human respiratory epithelial cells than subtype H1N1 virus. We suggest that this hyper-induction of cytokines may be relevant to the pathogenesis of human H5N1 disease.

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  • Secondary effects of cytokine cascades, as opposed to the direct effect of the virus, in amplifying and broadening the proinflammatory response may be important in the escalation of cytokine storm.

    “The concept of secondary effects of cytokine cascades, as opposed to the direct effect of the virus, in amplifying and broadening the proinflammatory response may be important in the escalation of cytokine storm (24,111,125).”

    From Into the Eye of the Cytokine Storm (2012) · cites this paper as [24]

  • TNF is highly expressed across infection models, including primary human respiratory epithelial cells and human monocyte-derived macrophages, compared with seasonal H1N1 and swine-origin H1N1 influenza virus infection.

    “It is highly expressed across infection models, including primary human respiratory epithelial cells (24, 125) and human monocyte-derived macrophages (26, 59, 62), compared with during seasonal H1N1 influenza virus and swine-origin H1N1 influenza virus (SOIV) infection (111).”

    From Into the Eye of the Cytokine Storm (2012) · cites this paper as [24]

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Authors
Chan, M., Cheung, C., Chui, W., Tsao, S., Nicholls, J., Chan, Y., Chan, R., Long, H., Poon, L., Guan, Y., & Peiris, J.
Affiliations
  • Queen Mary Hospital (CN)
  • Grantham Hospital (CN)
  • University of Hong Kong (HK)
  • National Institute Of Hygiene And Epidemiology (VN)
Corresponding author
Peiris, JSM
ORCID
Guan, Y
Venue
Respiratory Research
Published
2005-11-11
Volume
6
Issue
1
Pages
135-135
ISSN
  • 1465-9921 (ISSN-L)
  • 1465-993X
OpenAlex
W2122988122
Cited by
510
References
37
Citations by year
2026: 7 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 26 · 2013: 36 · 2012: 26
FWCI
20.18
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Respiratory Research (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
  • The HKU Scholars Hub (University of Hong Kong) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • Greater South Information System
Funders
University of Hong Kong
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Influenza Virus Research Studies
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Respiratory viral infections research
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › interferon and immune responses
Keywords
H5N1 avian influenza, influenza A virus, inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, CXCL10, interferon-beta, RANTES, interleukin-6, alveolar epithelial cells, bronchial epithelial cells, respiratory epithelium, cytokine imbalance, viral pathogenesis
MeSH terms
Bronchi, Cells, Cultured, Epithelial Cells, Humans, Immunologic Factors, Pulmonary Alveoli, Cytokines, Respiratory Mucosa, Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype, Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype

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