Cited by 274Prostate Cancer Treatment and ResearchEstrogen and related hormone effectsSperm and Testicular Function

Activated Cdc42-associated kinase Ack1 promotes prostate cancer progression via androgen receptor tyrosine phosphorylation.

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Mahajan, Nupam P., Liu, Yuanbo, Majumder, Samarpan, Warren, Maria R., Parker, Carol E., Mohler, James L., Earp, H. Shelton, Whang, Young E.·2007·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

Abstract

Activation of the androgen receptor (AR) may play a role in androgen-independent progression of prostate cancer. Multiple mechanisms of AR activation, including stimulation by tyrosine kinases, have been postulated. We and others have recently shown involvement of activated Cdc42-associated tyrosine kinase Ack1 in advanced human prostate cancer. Here we provide the molecular basis for interplay between Ack1 and AR in prostate cancer cells. Activated Ack1 promoted androgen-independent growth of LNCaP and LAPC-4 prostate xenograft tumors, AR recruitment to the androgen-responsive enhancer, and androgen-inducible gene expression in the absence of androgen. Heregulin-stimulated HER2 activation induced Ack1 activation and AR tyrosine phosphorylation. Ack1 knockdown inhibited heregulin-dependent AR tyrosine phosphorylation, AR reporter activity, androgen-stimulated gene expression, and AR recruitment. Ack1 was recruited to the androgen-responsive enhancers after androgen and heregulin stimulation. In 8 of 18 primary androgen-independent prostate tumor samples, tyrosine-phosphorylated AR protein was detected and correlated with the detection of tyrosine-phosphorylated Ack1. Neither was elevated in androgen-dependent tumors or benign prostate samples. Activated Ack1 phosphorylated AR protein at Tyr-267 and Tyr-363, both located within the transactivation domain. Mutation of Tyr-267 completely abrogated and mutation of Tyr-363 reduced Ack1-induced AR reporter activation and recruitment of AR to the androgen-responsive enhancer. Expression of AR point mutants inhibited Ack1-driven xenograft tumor growth. Thus, Ack1 activated by surface signals or oncogenic mechanisms may directly enhance AR transcriptional function and promote androgen-independent progression of prostate cancer. Targeting the Ack1 kinase may be a potential therapeutic strategy in prostate cancer.

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  • Ack1 can directly interact with the AR and specifically phosphorylate the AR at Tyr-267, a modification required for optimal AR recruitment to target genes at low-to no-androgen conditions.

    “Ack1 can directly interact with the AR and can specifically phosphorylate the AR at Tyr-267, a modification that has been described to be required for optimal AR recruitment to target genes at low-to no-androgen conditions (59).”

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  1. [4]Graham DK, Dawson TL, Mullaney DL, Snodgrass HR, Earp HS. Cell Growth Diff. 1994;5:647–657. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

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Authors
Mahajan, N. P., Liu, Y., Majumder, S., Warren, M. R., Parker, C. E., Mohler, J. L., Earp, H. S., & Whang, Y. E.
Affiliations
  • University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
  • UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center (US)
  • Biochemistry and Biophysics,
  • Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center (US)
Venue
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Published
2007-05-15
Volume
104
Issue
20
Pages
8438-8443
ISSN
  • 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
  • 1091-6490
OpenAlex
W2055013229
Cited by
274
References
26
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 28 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 24 · 2012: 21
FWCI
14.40
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Carolina Digital Repository (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill) (submittedVersion)
  • UNC Libraries
Funders
  • Elsa U. Pardee Foundation
  • National Institutes of Health (CA77739)
  • Genentech
  • University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
  • National Cancer Institute (R21CA100700, CA-77739, R01CA112553, P01CA077739, CA 100700, K08CA085772, CA085772, CA112553)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Prostate Cancer Treatment and Research
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Estrogen and related hormone effects
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Sperm and Testicular Function
Keywords
ACK1, androgen receptor, prostate cancer, androgen-independent progression, tyrosine phosphorylation, neuregulin-1, HER2, LNCaP cells, transcriptional activation
MeSH terms
Androgens, Animals, DNA, Neoplasm, Enhancer Elements, Genetic, Enzyme Activation, Humans, Male, Models, Genetic, Mutation, Phosphorylation, Prostatic Neoplasms, Protein Binding, Protein-Tyrosine Kinases, Receptors, Androgen, Transcription, Genetic, Transplantation, Heterologous, Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic, Disease Progression, Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases, Phosphotyrosine, Neuregulin-1, Protein Transport, Cell Line, Tumor, Mice

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