Delayed upwelling alters nearshore coastal ocean ecosystems in the northern California current
Open accessAbstract
Wind-driven coastal ocean upwelling supplies nutrients to the euphotic zone near the coast. Nutrients fuel the growth of phytoplankton, the base of a very productive coastal marine ecosystem [Pauly D, Christensen V (1995) Nature 374:255–257]. Because nutrient supply and phytoplankton biomass in shelf waters are highly sensitive to variation in upwelling-driven circulation, shifts in the timing and strength of upwelling may alter basic nutrient and carbon fluxes through marine food webs. We show how a 1-month delay in the 2005 spring transition to upwelling-favorable wind stress in the northern California Current Large Marine Ecosystem resulted in numerous anomalies: warm water, low nutrient levels, low primary productivity, and an unprecedented low recruitment of rocky intertidal organisms. The delay was associated with 20- to 40-day wind oscillations accompanying a southward shift of the jet stream. Early in the upwelling season (May–July) off Oregon, the cumulative upwelling-favorable wind stress was the lowest in 20 years, nearshore surface waters averaged 2°C warmer than normal, surf-zone chlorophyll- a and nutrients were 50% and 30% less than normal, respectively, and densities of recruits of mussels and barnacles were reduced by 83% and 66%, respectively. Delayed early-season upwelling and stronger late-season upwelling are consistent with predictions of the influence of global warming on coastal upwelling regions.
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In 2005 in the California Current, a significant delay in the spring transition appears to have led to ecosystem changes affecting primary production, zooplankton, fish, birds, and mammals.
“This was particularly evident in 2005 in the California Current, when a significant delay in the spring transition [77,78] appears to have led to ecosystem changes affecting primary production [79], to zooplankton [80], to fish, birds, and mammals [81][82][83].”
From Anticipated Effects of Climate Change on Coastal Upwelling Ecosystems (2015) · cites this paper as [78]
Climate events can force large, temporary changes in overall productivity or community composition.
“In some cases, a climate event can force large, temporary changes in overall productivity or community composition; these effects were seen during the large 1997-98 El Niño event [104] and the delayed upwelling in 2005 [78] in the California Current.”
From Anticipated Effects of Climate Change on Coastal Upwelling Ecosystems (2015) · cites this paper as [78]
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Cites
Sydeman, W. J., Bradley, R. W., Warzybok, P., Abraham, C. L., Jahncke, J., Hyrenbach, K. D., Kousky, V., Hipfner, J. M., & Ohman, M. D. (2006) · Geophysical Research Letters · doi:10.1029/2006gl026736 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
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Research works printed but not linked: 3
- Wooster WS, Reid JL (1963) in The Sea, ed Hill MN (Wiley, New York), Vol 2, pp 253-280.
- Strathmann MF (1987) Reproduction and Development of Marine Invertebrates of the Northern Pacific Coast (Univ Wash Press, Seattle).
- Grasshoff K, Kremling K, Ehrhardt M (1999) Methods of Seawater Analysis (Wiley, Weinheim, Germany).
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Anticipated Effects of Climate Change on Coastal Upwelling Ecosystems
Bakun, A., Black, B. A., Bograd, S. J., García-Reyes, M., Miller, A. J., Rykaczewski, R. R., & Sydeman, W. J. (2015) · Current Climate Change Reports · doi:10.1007/s40641-015-0008-4 · Cited by 470 · see citing works
Intensification and spatial homogenization of coastal upwelling under climate change
Wang, D., Gouhier, T. C., Menge, B. A., & Ganguly, A. R. (2015) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature14235 · Cited by 447 · see citing works
Self-citationGentemann, C. L., Fewings, M. R., & García‐Reyes, M. (2017) · Geophysical Research Letters · doi:10.1002/2016gl071039 · Cited by 347 · see citing works
Pardo, P., Padín, X., Gilcoto, M., Farina-Busto, L., & Pérez, F. (2011) · Climate Research · doi:10.3354/cr00989 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Reduced Nearshore Warming Associated With Eastern Boundary Upwelling Systems
Seabra, R., Varela, R., Santos, A. M., Gómez-Gesteira, M., Meneghesso, C., Wethey, D. S., & Lima, F. P. (2019) · Frontiers in Marine Science · doi:10.3389/fmars.2019.00104 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
- Authors
- Barth, J. A., Menge, B. A., Lubchenco, J., Chan, F., Bane, J. M., Kirincich, A. R., McManus, M. A., Nielsen, K. J., Pierce, S. D., & Washburn, L.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Santa Barbara (US)
- Oregon State University (US)
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
- University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa (US)
- Sonoma State University (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2007-03-06
- Volume
- 104
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 3719-3724
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- PMC
- PMC1805484
- OpenAlex
- W2169493155
- Cited by
- 342
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 25 · 2013: 35 · 2012: 19
- FWCI
- 19.18
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Carolina Digital Repository (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill) (submittedVersion)
- UNC Libraries
- Funders
- National Science Foundation (0453071, 0435619, 0527168, 9907854)
- David and Lucile Packard Foundation
- Andrew W. Mellon Foundation
- Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation
- Wayne and Gladys Valley Foundation
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Oceanography › Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Oceanography › Marine and coastal ecosystems
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Marine and fisheries research
- Keywords
- coastal upwelling, wind stress, nutrient depletion, primary productivity, chlorophyll a, mussel recruitment, barnacle recruitment, climate change impacts, Northern California Current
- MeSH terms
- Chlorophyll A, Animals, Thoracica, California, Carbon, Chlorophyll, Ecology, Marine Biology, Oceans and Seas, Oregon, Phytoplankton, Temperature, Ecosystem, Biomass, Food Chain, Mytilus
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