The DOI matches its Crossref record; 45 of the 45 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
CRF–CRF 1 system activation mediates withdrawal-induced increases in nicotine self-administration in nicotine-dependent rats
Open accessAbstract
Nicotine, the main psychoactive ingredient of tobacco, induces negative emotional symptoms during abstinence that contribute to a profound craving for nicotine. However, the neurobiological mechanisms underlying how nicotine produces dependence remains poorly understood. We demonstrate one mechanism for both the anxiety-like symptoms of withdrawal and excessive nicotine intake observed after abstinence, through recruitment of the extrahypothalamic stress peptide corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) system and activation of CRF 1 receptors. Overactivation of the CRF–CRF 1 system may contribute to nicotine dependence and may represent a prominent target for investigating the vulnerability to tobacco addiction.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Nicotine withdrawal leads to an increase in CRF in the CeA, and blockade of CRF1 receptors diminishes nicotine withdrawalinduced anxiety-like behavior (George et al. 2007).”
From Nicotine Withdrawal (2015) · cites this paper as George et al. 2007
In the citing paper
“CRF levels increase by >500% in the CeA after nicotine withdrawal is precipitated with the nAChR antagonist mecamylamine [158].”
From Mechanistic insights into nicotine withdrawal (2011) · cites this paper as [158]
In the citing paper
“Injection of a CRF1 receptor antagonist into the CeA blunts anxiety-like behavior during nicotine withdrawal [158].”
From Mechanistic insights into nicotine withdrawal (2011) · cites this paper as [158]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Is there a common molecular pathway for addiction?
Nestler, E. J. (2005) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1578 · Cited by 1,388
Incubation of cocaine craving after withdrawal
Grimm, J. W., Hope, B. T., Wise, R. A., & Shaham, Y. (2001) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35084134 · Cited by 1,031
Plasticity of reward neurocircuitry and the ‘dark side’ of drug addiction
Koob, G. F., & Le Moal, M. (2005) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1105-1442 · Cited by 963
Self-citationBale, T. L., Contarino, A., Smith, G. W., Chan, R. K. W., Gold, L. H., Sawchenko, P. E., Koob, G. F., Vale, W. W., & Lee, K. (2000) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/74263 · Cited by 850
Self-citationSynaptic mechanisms underlie nicotine-induced excitability of brain reward areas
Mansvelder, H. D., Keath, J. R., & McGehee, D. S. (2002) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(02)00625-6 · Cited by 701
Dramatic decreases in brain reward function during nicotine withdrawal
Epping-Jordan, M. P., Watkins, S. S., Koob, G. F., & Markou, A. (1998) · Nature · doi:10.1038/30001 · Cited by 674
Self-citationPich, E., Lorang, M., Yeganeh, M., Rodriguez de Fonseca, F., Raber, J., Koob, G., & Weiss, F. (1995) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.15-08-05439.1995 · Cited by 565
Self-citationDaily intake of nicotine during cigarette smoking
Benowitz, N. L., & Jacob, P. (1984) · Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1038/clpt.1984.67 · Cited by 502
Role of Corticotropin-Releasing Factor in Drug Addiction
Logrip, M. L., Koob, G. F., & Zorrilla, E. P. (2011) · CNS Drugs · doi:10.2165/11587790-000000000-00000 · Cited by 474
Self-citationIncubation of cocaine craving after withdrawal: a review of preclinical data
Lü, L., Grimm, J. W., Hope, B. T., & Shaham, Y. (2004) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2004.06.027 · Cited by 443
Compulsive Drug‐Seeking Behavior and Relapse: Neuroadaptation, Stress, and Conditioning Factors
WEISS, F., CICCOCIOPPO, R., PARSONS, L. H., KATNER, S., LIU, X., ZORRILLA, E. P., VALDEZ, G. R., BEN‐SHAHAR, O., ANGELETTI, S., & RICHTER, R. R. (2001) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2001.tb03556.x · Cited by 430
Self-citationDefensive burying in rodents: ethology, neurobiology and psychopharmacology
de Boer, S. F., & Koolhaas, J. M. (2003) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0014-2999(03)01278-0 · Cited by 400
Funk, C. K., O'Dell, L. E., Crawford, E. F., & Koob, G. F. (2006) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3096-06.2006 · Cited by 381
Self-citationThe Role of Corticotropin-Releasing Factor in Drug Addiction
Sarnyai, Z., Shaham, Y., & Heinrichs, S. C. (2001) · Pharmacological Reviews · doi:10.1016/s0031-6997(24)01492-3 · Cited by 381
Corticotropin-Releasing Factor in Brain: A Role in Activation, Arousal, and Affect Regulation
Heinrichs, S. C., & Koob, G. F. (2004) · The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · doi:10.1124/jpet.103.052092 · Cited by 353
Self-citationNicotine withdrawal versus other drug withdrawal syndromes: similarities and dissimilarities
HUGHES, J. R., HIGGINS, S. T., & BICKEL, W. K. (1994) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1994.tb03744.x · Cited by 312
The anxiogenic drug yohimbine reinstates methamphetamine seeking in a rat model of drug relapse
Shepard, J. D., Bossert, J. M., Liu, S. Y., & Shaham, Y. (2004) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.02.032 · Cited by 295
Shalev, U., Morales, M., Hope, B. T., Yap, J. J., & Shaham, Y. (2001) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s002130100748 · Cited by 290
Tran-Nguyen, L. T. L. (1998) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0893-133x(97)00205-4 · Cited by 278
Cigarette Smoking and Plasma Levels of Nicotine
ISAAC, P. F., & RAND, M. J. (1972) · Nature · doi:10.1038/236308a0 · Cited by 257
Zorrilla, E. P., Valdez, G. R., & Weiss, F. (2001) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s002130100773 · Cited by 246
Self-citationBasso, A. M., Spina, M. G., Rivier, J., Vale, W., & Koob, G. F. (1999) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s002130051028 · Cited by 190
Self-citationHeyser, C. J., Schulteis, G., & Koob, G. F. (1997) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1997.tb03840.x · Cited by 181
Self-citationThe therapeutic potential of CRF1 antagonists for anxiety
Zorrilla, E., & Koob, G. (2004) · Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs · doi:10.1517/13543784.13.7.799 · Cited by 173
Self-citationRichardson, H. N., Zorrilla, E. P., Mandyam, C. D., & RIVIER, C. L. (2006) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2005-1054 · Cited by 163
Self-citationValdez, G. R., Zorrilla, E. P., Rivier, J., Vale, W., & Koob, G. F. (2003) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(03)02971-8 · Cited by 140
Self-citationAge, sex, and strain differences in the aversive threshold to grid shock in the rat.
Paré, W. P. (1969) · Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0028196 · Cited by 134
Bruijnzeel, A. W., & Gold, M. S. (2005) · Brain Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.brainresrev.2005.01.007 · Cited by 129
Euphoriant effects of nicotine in smokers
Pomerleau, C. S., & Pomerleau, O. F. (1992) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/bf02247422 · Cited by 120
�sterlund, M. K., Halldin, C., & Hurd, Y. L. (2000) · Synapse · doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-2396(200001)35:1 · Cited by 108
Contarino, A., & Papaleo, F. (2005) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0506999102 · Cited by 107
Bruijnzeel, A. W., Zislis, G., Wilson, C., & Gold, M. S. (2006) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/sj.npp.1301192 · Cited by 107
Das, S., Grunert, M., Williams, L., & Vincent, S. R. (1997) · Synapse · doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-2396(199703)25:3 · Cited by 104
Paterson, N. E., & Markou, A. (2004) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-003-1692-7 · Cited by 100
Irvine, E. E., Cheeta, S., & File, S. E. (1999) · Behavioural Pharmacology · doi:10.1097/00008877-199911000-00016 · Cited by 89
Tolerance to nicotine's effects in the elevated plus-maze and increased anxiety during withdrawal
Irvine, E. E., Cheeta, S., & File, S. E. (2001) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0091-3057(00)00449-4 · Cited by 88
Gilligan, P. J., Baldauf, C., Cocuzza, A. J., Chidester, D. R., Zaczek, R. C., Fitzgerald, L. W., McElroy, J., Smith, M. A., Shen, H.-S. L., Saye, J. A., et al. (2000) · Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0968-0896(99)00271-0 · Cited by 83
What can dependence theories tell us about assessing the emergence of tobacco dependence?
Tiffany, S. T., Conklin, C. A., Shiffman, S. S., & Clayton, R. R. (2004) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2004.00734.x · Cited by 64
O’Dell, L. E., & Koob, G. F. (2007) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2007.01.004 · Cited by 64
Self-citationJochman, K. A., Newman, S. M., Kalin, N. H., & Bakshi, V. P. (2005) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037/0735-7044.119.6.1448 · Cited by 51
LeSage, M. G., Burroughs, D., & Pentel, P. R. (2006) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2006.03.021 · Cited by 39
Debruyne, D., Sobrio, F., Hinschberger, A., Camsonne, R., Coquerel, A., & Barré, L. (2003) · Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences · doi:10.1002/jps.10302 · Cited by 39
Diamant, M., Croiset, G., & de Wied, D. (1992) · Peptides · doi:10.1016/0196-9781(92)90022-u · Cited by 37
Tobacco Dependence: Global Public Health Potential for New Medications Development and Indications
Henningfield, J. E., Fant, R. V., Gitchell, J. G., & Shiffman, S. S. (2000) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2000.tb06686.x · Cited by 18
Overview: Biological processes relevant to drugs of dependence
Grunberg, N. E. (1994) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1994.tb03741.x · Cited by 15
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- JL Fellows, A Trosclair, EK Adams Morb Mort Rep 51, 300–303 (2002).
- G Paxinos, C Watson The Rat Brain in Stereotoxic Coordinates (Academic, San Diego, 1997).
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Koob, G. F., & Volkow, N. D. (2010) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2009.110 · Cited by 5,340
Self-citationChronic stress, drug use, and vulnerability to addiction
Sinha, R. (2008) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1196/annals.1441.030 · Cited by 1,904
Benowitz, N. L. (2010) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmra0809890 · Cited by 1,508
A Role for Brain Stress Systems in Addiction
Koob, G. F. (2008) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2008.06.012 · Cited by 1,056
Self-citationPharmacology of nicotine: addiction, smoking-induced disease, and therapeutics
Benowitz, N. L. (2009) · Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology · doi:10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.48.113006.094742 · Cited by 979
Metadata
- Authors
- George, O., Ghozland, S., Azar, M. R., Cottone, P., Zorrilla, E. P., Parsons, L. H., O'Dell, L. E., Richardson, H. N., & Koob, G. F.
- Affiliations
- Scripps Research Institute (US)
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas, El Paso, TX 79968
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2007-10-23
- Volume
- 104
- Issue
- 43
- Pages
- 17198-17203
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- PMC
- PMC2040467
- OpenAlex
- W2097077325
- Cited by
- 245
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 22 · 2012: 16
- FWCI
- 12.46
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Robert Wood Johnson Foundation
- Tobacco-Related Disease Research Program (12RT-0099)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (DK 26741, P01DK026741)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuropeptides and Animal Physiology
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Study
- Keywords
- nicotine dependence, nicotine self-administration, nicotine withdrawal, corticotropin-releasing factor, CRF1 receptor, anxiety-like behavior, tobacco dependence, nicotine craving
- MeSH terms
- CRF Receptor, Type 1, Amygdala, Animals, Anxiety, Behavior, Animal, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone, Feeding Behavior, Male, Mecamylamine, Nicotine, Self Administration, Substance Withdrawal Syndrome, Behavior, Addictive, Rats, Wistar, Receptors, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone, Rats
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
