Cited by 1,056Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on BehaviorNeuropeptides and Animal PhysiologyStress Responses and Cortisol

A Role for Brain Stress Systems in Addiction

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Koob, George F.·2008·Neuron

Abstract

Drug addiction is a chronically relapsing disorder characterized by compulsion to seek and take drugs and has been linked to dysregulation of brain regions that mediate reward and stress. Activation of brain stress systems is hypothesized to be key to the negative emotional state produced by dependence that drives drug seeking through negative reinforcement mechanisms. This review explores the role of brain stress systems (corticotropin-releasing factor, norepinephrine, orexin [hypocretin], vasopressin, dynorphin) and brain antistress systems (neuropeptide Y, nociceptin [orphanin FQ]) in drug dependence, with emphasis on the neuropharmacological function of extrahypothalamic systems in the extended amygdala. The brain stress and antistress systems may play a key role in the transition to and maintenance of drug dependence once initiated. Understanding the role of brain stress and antistress systems in addiction provides novel targets for treatment and prevention of addiction and insights into the organization and function of basic brain emotional circuitry.

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Crossref · 10.1016/j.neuron.2008.06.012

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Authors
Koob, G. F.
Affiliations
Scripps Research Institute (US)
Corresponding author
Koob, George F.
Venue
Neuron
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2008-07
Volume
59
Issue
1
Pages
11-34
ISSN
0896-6273 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W1991882455
Cited by
1,056
References
229
Citations by year
2026: 30 · 2025: 58 · 2024: 48 · 2023: 44 · 2022: 46 · 2021: 48 · 2020: 56 · 2019: 56 · 2018: 66 · 2017: 67 · 2016: 43 · 2015: 52 · 2014: 74 · 2013: 96 · 2012: 67
FWCI
5.72
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Neuron (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (R01AA008459, P60AA006420)
  • National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01DA010072, R01DA004398, R01DA004043)
  • National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (P01DK026741)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuropeptides and Animal Physiology
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
Keywords
drug addiction, relapse, negative reinforcement, drug-seeking behavior, corticotropin-releasing factor, norepinephrine, orexin, vasopressin, dynorphin, neuropeptide Y, nociceptin, extended amygdala
MeSH terms
Animals, Brain, Humans, Stress, Physiological, Substance-Related Disorders

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