Cited by 334Insect Pest Control StrategiesNeurobiology and Insect Physiology ResearchInsect Pheromone Research and Control

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Mosquitoes smell and avoid the insect repellent DEET

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Syed, Zainulabeuddin, Leal, Walter S.·2008·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

DOI 10.1073/pnas.0805312105PMC PMC2518096

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Abstract

The insect repellent DEET is effective against a variety of medically important pests, but its mode of action still draws considerable debate. The widely accepted hypothesis that DEET interferes with the detection of lactic acid has been challenged by demonstrated DEET-induced repellency in the absence of lactic acid. The most recent hypothesis suggests that DEET masks or jams the olfactory system by attenuating electrophysiological responses to 1-octen-3-ol. Our research shows that mosquitoes smell DEET directly and avoid it. We performed single-unit recordings from all functional ORNs on the antenna and maxillary palps of Culex quinquefasciatus and found an ORN in a short trichoid sensillum responding to DEET in a dose-dependent manner. The same ORN responded with higher sensitivity to terpenoid compounds. SPME and GC analysis showed that odorants were trapped in conventional stimulus cartridges upon addition of a DEET-impregnated filter paper strip thus leading to the observed reduced electrophysiological responses, as reported elsewhere. With a new stimulus delivery method releasing equal amounts of 1-octen-3-ol alone or in combination with DEET we found no difference in neuronal responses. When applied to human skin, DEET altered the chemical profile of emanations by a “fixative” effect that may also contribute to repellency. However, the main mode of action is the direct detection of DEET as indicated by the evidence that mosquitoes are endowed with DEET-detecting ORNs and corroborated by behavioral bioassays. In a sugar-feeding assay, both female and male mosquitoes avoided DEET. In addition, mosquitoes responding only to physical stimuli avoided DEET.

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WS Leal Insect repellents: Principles, Methods, and Uses, eds M Debboun, SP Frances, D Strickman (CRC, Boca Raton, FL), pp. 229–242 (2007).
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Authors: Syed, Z., & Leal, W. S.
Affiliations: University of Arizona (US)
Corresponding author: Leal, Walter S.
ORCID: Syed, Zainulabeuddin
Venue: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Publisher: National Academy of Sciences
Published: 2008-09-09
Volume: 105
Issue: 36
Pages: 13598-13603
ISSN: 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
1091-6490
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0805312105
PMC: PMC2518096
OpenAlex: W2163645458
Cited by: 334
References: 33
Citations by year: 2026: 11 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 35 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 33 · 2013: 24 · 2012: 19
FWCI: 22.64
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Locations: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: University of California, Davis
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (1U01AI05826-01)
Topics: Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Insect Pest Control Strategies
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurobiology and Insect Physiology Research
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Insect Science › Insect Pheromone Research and Control
Keywords: DEET, mosquito repellents, olfactory sensory neurons, Culex quinquefasciatus, olfactory avoidance, 1-octen-3-ol, terpenoids, olfactory sensilla, mosquito olfaction, mechanism of action
MeSH terms: Animals, Avoidance Learning, Biological Assay, DEET, Female, Humans, Insect Repellents, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Middle Aged, Culicidae, Odorants, Oxygen, Physical Stimulation, Smell

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Mosquitoes smell and avoid the insect repellent DEET

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