Photoelectrochemical synthesis of DNA microarrays
Open accessAbstract
Optical addressing of semiconductor electrodes represents a powerful technology that enables the independent and parallel control of a very large number of electrical phenomena at the solid-electrolyte interface. To date, it has been used in a wide range of applications including electrophoretic manipulation, biomolecule sensing, and stimulating networks of neurons. Here, we have adapted this approach for the parallel addressing of redox reactions, and report the construction of a DNA microarray synthesis platform based on semiconductor photoelectrochemistry (PEC). An amorphous silicon photoconductor is activated by an optical projection system to create virtual electrodes capable of electrochemically generating protons; these PEC-generated protons then cleave the acid-labile dimethoxytrityl protecting groups of DNA phosphoramidite synthesis reagents with the requisite spatial selectivity to generate DNA microarrays. Furthermore, a thin-film porous glass dramatically increases the amount of DNA synthesized per chip by over an order of magnitude versus uncoated glass. This platform demonstrates that PEC can be used toward combinatorial bio-polymer and small molecule synthesis.
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An exponential attenuation model fit to the data gave an averaged stepwise yield of ~97.1%, acceptable compared with previously reported chemical synthesis yields (90 to 98%) and enzymatic synthesis (~97.7%).
“An exponential attenuation model was used to fit the data points in Fig. 2E so that an averaged stepwise yield of ~97.1% was obtained from the equation, which was acceptable compared with previously reported yields for chemical synthesis (90 to 98%) (40, 41) and enzymatic synthesis (~97.7%) (42).”
From Electrochemical DNA synthesis and sequencing on a single electrode with scalability for integrated data storage (2021) · cites this paper as [41]
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- Authors
- Chow, B. Y., Emig, C. J., & Jacobson, J. M.
- Affiliations
- MIT Media Lab (US)
- Corresponding author
- Jacobson, Joseph M.
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2009-09-08
- Volume
- 106
- Issue
- 36
- Pages
- 15219-15224
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- PMC
- PMC2741231
- OpenAlex
- W2171591480
- Cited by
- 48
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 0.81
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation (0122419)
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Advanced Research Projects Agency
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Advanced biosensing and bioanalysis techniques
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Advanced Biosensing Techniques and Applications
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Microfluidic and Capillary Electrophoresis Applications
- Keywords
- photoelectrochemical synthesis, DNA microarrays, virtual electrodes, solid-electrolyte interface
- MeSH terms
- DNA, Electrochemistry, Electrodes, Photochemistry, Protons, Semiconductors, Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
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