Temperature-memory polymer actuators
Open accessAbstract
Reading out the temperature-memory of polymers, which is their ability to remember the temperature where they were deformed recently, is thus far unavoidably linked to erasing this memory effect. Here temperature-memory polymer actuators (TMPAs) based on cross-linked copolymer networks exhibiting a broad melting temperature range (ΔT(m)) are presented, which are capable of a long-term temperature-memory enabling more than 250 cyclic thermally controlled actuations with almost constant performance. The characteristic actuation temperatures T(act)s of TMPAs can be adjusted by a purely physical process, guiding a directed crystallization in a temperature range of up to 40 °C by variation of the parameter T(sep) in a nearly linear correlation. The temperature T(sep) divides ΔT(m) into an upper T(m) range (T > T(sep)) forming a reshapeable actuation geometry that determines the skeleton and a lower T(m) range (T < T(sep)) that enables the temperature-controlled bidirectional actuation by crystallization-induced elongation and melting-induced contraction. The macroscopic bidirectional shape changes in TMPAs could be correlated with changes in the nanostructure of the crystallizable domains as a result of in situ X-ray investigations. Potential applications of TMPAs include heat engines with adjustable rotation rate and active building facades with self-regulating sun protectors.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The reversible passage from the first temporary shape and the second temporary shape in stress-free two-way SMPs is made possible through thermal cycling between T2 and T3 and can be repeated hundreds of times.
“The reversible passage from the first temporary shape and the second temporary shape is made possible through thermal cycling between T 2 and T 3 and can be repeated hundreds of times”
From Two-Way and Multiple-Way Shape Memory Polymers for Soft Robotics: An Overview (2020) · cites this paper as [127]
Repeatable swapping of the two shapes was demonstrated through application of successive heating/cooling cycles.
“Repeatable swapping of the two shapes was demonstrated through application of successive heating/cooling cycles.”
From Shape-memory polymers for multiple applications in the materials world (2016) · cites this paper as [92]
One part of cPEVA crystallites is associated with the lower Tm range defined as the actuation domain (from Tm,onset to intermediate Tm) and the other is activated by the upper range (from intermediate Tm to Tm,offset), forming the main skeleton.
“One part is associated to the lower Tm range defined as the actuation domain (from Tm,onset to intermediate Tm) and the other one was activated by the upper range (from the intermediate Tm to Tm,offset), so-forming the main skeleton.”
From Shape-memory polymers for multiple applications in the materials world (2016) · cites this paper as [92]
Shape (A) was implemented under stress-free conditions by heating cPEVA films to the intermediate Tm (50, 65 or 75°C) and shape (B) was successively obtained by cooling to 25°C.
“Shape (A) was implemented under stress-free conditions by heating the films to the intermediate Tm (50, 65 or 75 ° C) and shape (B) was successively obtained by cooling it to 25 ° C.”
From Shape-memory polymers for multiple applications in the materials world (2016) · cites this paper as [92]
After macroscopic deformation of cPEVA samples at 90°C (Tm,offset), the skeleton was achieved under stress after the cooling step (Tm,onset, 25°C).
“After macroscopic deformation of the samples at 90 ° C (Tm,offset), the skeleton was achieved under stress after the cooling step (Tm,onset, 25 ° C).”
From Shape-memory polymers for multiple applications in the materials world (2016) · cites this paper as [92]
The same research group developed a reversible bidirectional system where sample actuation upon cooling and heating could be selected by physical manipulation.
“The same research group developed reversible bidirectional system where the sample actuation upon cooling and heating could be selected by physical manipulation [92].”
From Shape-memory polymers for multiple applications in the materials world (2016) · cites this paper as [92]
The strategy was established on the formation of an internal skeleton based on crystallites huddled in nano-clusters acting as a physical network and adjusting actuation domains.
“In this case the strategy was established on the formation of an internal skeleton based on crystallites huddled in nano-clusters acting as physical network and adjusting actuation domains.”
From Shape-memory polymers for multiple applications in the materials world (2016) · cites this paper as [92]
Covalently cross-linked poly[ethylene-co-(vinyl acetate)] (cPEVA), displaying a broad Tm (from 25°C to 90°C), allowed the formation of two types of polyethylene crystallites.
“Covalently cross-linked poly[ethyleneco -(vinyl acetate)] (cPEVA), displaying a broad Tm (from 25 ° C to 90 ° C), allowed the formation of two types of polyethylene (PE) crystallites.”
From Shape-memory polymers for multiple applications in the materials world (2016) · cites this paper as [92]
Cites
Emerging applications of stimuli-responsive polymer materials
Stuart, M. A. C., Huck, W. T. S., Genzer, J., Müller, M., Ober, C. K., Stamm, M., Sukhorukov, G. B., Szleifer, I. G., Tsukruk, V. V., Urban, M. W., et al. (2010) · Nature Materials · doi:10.1038/nmat2614 · Cited by 5,720 · see citing works
Hu, J., Zhu, Y., Huang, H., & Lu, J. (2012) · Progress in Polymer Science · doi:10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2012.06.001 · Cited by 1,279 · see citing works
Photomechanics of Liquid‐Crystalline Elastomers and Other Polymers
Ikeda, T., Mamiya, J., & Yu, Y. (2007) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.200602372 · Cited by 1,022 · see citing works
Printed artificial cilia from liquid-crystal network actuators modularly driven by light
van Oosten, C. L., Bastiaansen, C. W. M., & Broer, D. J. (2009) · Nature Materials · doi:10.1038/nmat2487 · Cited by 973 · see citing works
Mather, P. T., Luo, X., & Rousseau, I. A. (2009) · Annual Review of Materials Research · doi:10.1146/annurev-matsci-082908-145419 · Cited by 911 · see citing works
Huang, W. M., Ding, Z., Wang, C. C., Wei, J., Zhao, Y., & Purnawali, H. (2010) · Materials Today · doi:10.1016/s1369-7021(10)70128-0 · Cited by 747 · see citing works
Two-Way Reversible Shape Memory in a Semicrystalline Network
Chung, T., Romo-Uribe, A., & Mather, P. T. (2008) · Macromolecules · doi:10.1021/ma071517z · Cited by 531 · see citing works
Zhang, X., Pint, C. L., Lee, M. H., Schubert, B., Jamshidi, A., Takei, K., Ko, H., Gillies, A. G., Bardhan, R., Urban, J. J., et al. (2011) · Nano Letters · doi:10.1021/nl201503e · Cited by 529 · see citing works
Reversible bidirectional shape-memory polymers
Behl, M., Kratz, K., Zotzmann, J., Nöchel, U., & Lendlein, A. (2013) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.201300880 · Cited by 496 · see citing works
Self-citationZotzmann, J., Behl, M., Hofmann, D., & Lendlein, A. (2010) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.200904202 · Cited by 233 · see citing works
Self-citationA Continuous Flow Synthesis of Micrometer‐Sized Actuators from Liquid Crystalline Elastomers
Ohm, C. C., Serra, C. A., & Zentel, R. (2009) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.200901522 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
Hobeika, S., Men, Y., & Strobl, G. R. (2000) · Macromolecules · doi:10.1021/ma9910484 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
Selected Issues in Liquid Crystal Elastomers and Gels
Urayama, K. (2007) · Macromolecules · doi:10.1021/ma0623688 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Strain-Based Temperature Memory Effect for Nafion and Its Molecular Origins
Xie, T., Page, K. A., & Eastman, S. A. (2011) · Advanced Functional Materials · doi:10.1002/adfm.201002579 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
One-piece micropumps from liquid crystalline core-shell particles
Fleischmann, E., Liang, H., Kapernaum, N., Gießelmann, F., Lagerwall, J. P. F., & Zentel, R. (2012) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms2193 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Temperature‐Memory Polymer Networks with Crystallizable Controlling Units
Kratz, K., Madbouly, S. A., Wagermaier, W., & Lendlein, A. (2011) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.201102225 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Self-citationGraphene single-electron transistors
Ihn, T., Güttinger, J., Molitor, F., Schnez, S., Schurtenberger, E., Jacobsen, A., Hellmüller, S., Frey, T., Dröscher, S., Stampfer, C., et al. (2010) · Materials Today · doi:10.1016/s1369-7021(10)70033-x · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Kratz, K. L., Voigt, U., & Lendlein, A. (2012) · Advanced Functional Materials · doi:10.1002/adfm.201200211 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Self-citationHigh performance shape memory polymer networks based on rigid nanoparticle cores
Xu, J., & Song, J. (2010) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0912481107 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Two-way shape memory behavior of shape memory polyurethanes with a bias load
Hong, S. J., Yu, W., & Youk, J. H. (2010) · Smart Materials and Structures · doi:10.1088/0964-1726/19/3/035022 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Dimensional Changes in Systems of Fibrous Macromolecules: Polyethylene1
Mandelkern, L., Roberts, D. E., Diorio, A. F., et al. (1959) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/ja01525a006 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Printing of Monolithic Polymeric Microstructures Using Reactive Mesogens
Sánchez‐Somolinos, C., Verbakel, F., Escuti, M. J., et al. (2007) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.200700597 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Smectic- A elastomers with weak director anchoring
Adams, J., Warner, M., Stenull, O., et al. (2008) · Physical Review E · doi:10.1103/physreve.78.011703 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
NMR study of commercial poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate)
Souza, C. M. G. D., & Tavares, M. I. B. (1998) · Polymer Testing · doi:10.1016/s0142-9418(97)00070-6 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Zhao, Q., Qi, H. J., & Xie, T. (2015) · Progress in Polymer Science · doi:10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2015.04.001 · Cited by 1,409 · see citing works
3D Printing of Shape Memory Polymers for Flexible Electronic Devices
Zarek, M., Layani, M., Cooperstein, I., Sachyani, E., Cohn, D., & Magdassi, S. (2016) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.201503132 · Cited by 903 · see citing works
Reprogrammable recovery and actuation behaviour of shape-memory polymers
Lendlein, A., & Gould, O. E. C. (2019) · Nature Reviews Materials · doi:10.1038/s41578-018-0078-8 · Cited by 723 · see citing works
Self-citationJin, B., Song, H., Jiang, R., Song, J., Zhao, Q., & Xie, T. (2018) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.aao3865 · Cited by 497 · see citing works
Thermally-induced two-way shape memory polymers: Mechanisms, structures, and applications
Zare, M., Prabhakaran, M. P., Parvin, N., & Ramakrishna, S. (2019) · Chemical Engineering Journal · doi:10.1016/j.cej.2019.05.167 · Cited by 330 · see citing works
Shape-memory polymers for multiple applications in the materials world
Pilate, F., Toncheva, A., Dubois, P., & Raquez, J.-M. (2016) · European Polymer Journal · doi:10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2016.05.004 · Cited by 332 · see citing works
Shapeshifting: Reversible shape memory in semicrystalline elastomers
Zhou, J., Turner, S. A., Brosnan, S. M., Li, Q., Carrillo, J.-M. Y., Nykypanchuk, D., Gang, O., Ashby, V. S., Dobrynin, A. V., & Sheiko, S. S. (2014) · Macromolecules · doi:10.1021/ma4023185 · Cited by 209 · see citing works
Two-Way and Multiple-Way Shape Memory Polymers for Soft Robotics: An Overview
Scalet, G. (2020) · Actuators · doi:10.3390/act9010010 · Cited by 209 · see citing works
Reversible shape-shifting in polymeric materials
Zhou, J., & Sheiko, S. S. (2016) · Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics · doi:10.1002/polb.24014 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
A tough shape memory polymer with triple shape memory and two-way shape memory properties
Bai, Y., Zhang, X., Wang, Q., & Wang, T. (2014) · Journal of Materials Chemistry A · doi:10.1039/c3ta15117d · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Lu, L., & Li, G. (2016) · ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces · doi:10.1021/acsami.6b04105 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Polyolefin thermoplastics for multiple shape and reversible shape memory
Gao, Y., Liu, W., & Zhu, S. (2017) · ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces · doi:10.1021/acsami.6b14728 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Gao, Y., Liu, W., & Zhu, S. (2018) · Macromolecules · doi:10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01724 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Song, H., Fang, Z., Jin, B., Pan, P., Zhao, Q., & Xie, T. (2019) · ACS Macro Letters · doi:10.1021/acsmacrolett.9b00291 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Saatchi, M., Behl, M., Nöchel, U., & Lendlein, A. (2015) · Macromolecular Rapid Communications · doi:10.1002/marc.201400729 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Self-citationReversible Bidirectional Shape Memory Effect in Polyurethanes through Molecular Flipping
Biswas, A., Aswal, V. K., Sastry, P. U., Rana, D., & Maiti, P. (2016) · Macromolecules · doi:10.1021/acs.macromol.6b00536 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Switchable Micropatterned Surface Topographies Mediated by Reversible Shape Memory
Turner, S. A., Zhou, J., Sheiko, S. S., & Ashby, V. S. (2014) · ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces · doi:10.1021/am501970d · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Two-way shape memory behavior of semi-crystalline elastomer under stress-free condition
Qian, C., Dong, Y., Zhu, Y., & Fu, Y. (2016) · Smart Materials and Structures · doi:10.1088/0964-1726/25/8/085023 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
High performance and tunable artificial muscle based on two-way shape memory polymer
Fan, J., & Li, G. (2017) · RSC Advances · doi:10.1039/c6ra25024f · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Advancing reversible shape memory by tuning the polymer network architecture
Li, Q., Zhou, J., Vatankhah-Varnoosfaderani, M., Nykypanchuk, D., Gang, O., & Sheiko, S. S. (2016) · Macromolecules · doi:10.1021/acs.macromol.5b02740 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Dolynchuk, O., Kolesov, I., Jehnichen, D., Reuter, U., Radusch, H.-J., & Sommer, J.-U. (2017) · Macromolecules · doi:10.1021/acs.macromol.7b00481 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Shape-memory behavior of cross-linked semi-crystalline polymers and their blends
Kolesov, I., Dolynchuk, O., & Radusch, H.-J. (2015) · Express Polymer Letters · doi:10.3144/expresspolymlett.2015.24 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Ge, F., & Zhao, Y. (2017) · Chemical Science · doi:10.1039/c7sc01792h · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Fan, L. F., Rong, M. Z., Zhang, M. Q., & Chen, X. D. (2017) · Macromolecular Rapid Communications · doi:10.1002/marc.201700124 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Sequential Motion of 4D Printed Photopolymers with Broad Glass Transition
Inverardi, N., Pandini, S., Bignotti, F., Scalet, G., Marconi, S., & Auricchio, F. (2020) · Macromolecular Materials and Engineering · doi:10.1002/mame.201900370 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Scalet, G., Pandini, S., Messori, M., Toselli, M., & Auricchio, F. (2018) · Polymer · doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2018.10.027 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Han, J., Lai, S., & Chiu, Y. T. (2018) · Polymers for Advanced Technologies · doi:10.1002/pat.4309 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Yan, W., Rudolph, T., Noechel, U., Gould, O., Behl, M., Kratz, K., & Lendlein, A. (2018) · Macromolecules · doi:10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00322 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Self-citation
- Authors
- Behl, M., Kratz, K., Noechel, U., Sauter, T., & Lendlein, A.
- Affiliations
- Berlin-Brandenburger Centrum für Regenerative Therapien (DE)
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2013-07-08
- Volume
- 110
- Issue
- 31
- Pages
- 12555-12559
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- PMC
- PMC3732955
- OpenAlex
- W2097314637
- Cited by
- 313
- References
- 24
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 31 · 2021: 31 · 2020: 41 · 2019: 29 · 2018: 32 · 2017: 27 · 2016: 23 · 2015: 28 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 2
- FWCI
- 31.81
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Licence
- other-oa
- Locations
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › Advanced Materials and Mechanics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Dielectric materials and actuators
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Polymers and Plastics › Polymer composites and self-healing
- Keywords
- polymer actuators, directed crystallization, in situ X-ray diffraction, heat engines
- MeSH terms
- Hot Temperature, Polyethylenes, Polyvinyls
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
