Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
Cited by 732

The DOI matches its Crossref record.

High-precision timeline for Earth’s most severe extinction

Open access
Burgess, Seth D., Bowring, Samuel, Shen, Shu-zhong·2014·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

Abstract

Significance: Mass extinctions are major drivers of macroevolutionary change and mark fundamental transitions in the history of life, yet the feedbacks between environmental perturbation and biological response, which occur on submillennial timescales, are poorly understood. We present a high-precision age model for the end-Permian mass extinction, which was the most severe loss of marine and terrestrial biota in the last 542 My, that allows exploration of the sequence of events at millennial to decamillenial timescales 252 Mya. This record is critical for a better understanding of the punctuated nature and duration of the extinction, the reorganization of the carbon cycle, and a refined evaluation of potential trigger and kill mechanisms.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1073/pnas.1317692111

Cites

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

No references could be resolved yet.

Research works printed but not linked: 63

  1. 10.1016/j.epsl.2007.02.018 · DOI · Paper page
  2. 10.1111/j.1472-4669.2007.00130.x · DOI
  3. 10.1126/science.1213454 · DOI · Paper page
  4. 10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105329 · DOI · Paper page
  5. 10.1016/S0169-5347(98)01436-0 · DOI · Paper page
  6. DH Erwin Extinction: How Life on Earth Nearly Ended 250 Million Years Ago (Princeton Univ Press, Princeton, 2006).
  7. AH Knoll, WW Fischer, Skeletons and ocean chemistry: The long view. Ocean Acidification, eds JP Gattuso, L Hansson (Oxford University Press, New York), pp. 67–82 (2011).
  8. 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2012.06.015 · DOI
  9. 10.1130/G32707.1 · DOI · Paper page
  10. 10.1016/j.epsl.2011.08.010 · DOI
  11. 10.1016/j.epsl.2009.02.012 · DOI · Paper page
  12. JL Hinojosa, et al., Evidence for end-Permian ocean acidification from calcium isotopes in biogenic apatite. Spec Pap Geol Soc Am 40, 743–746 (2012).
  13. 10.1126/science.280.5366.1039 · DOI · Paper page
  14. 10.1016/S0012-821X(01)00274-6 · DOI
  15. 10.1126/science.1101012 · DOI · Paper page
  16. RJ Twitchett CV Looy R Morante H Visscher PB Wignall Rapid and synchronous collapse of marine and terrestrial ecosystems during the end-Permian biotic crisis. Geology 29(4):351–354. (2001). · doi:10.1130/0091-7613(2001)029
  17. S Xie, et al., Changes in the global carbon cycle occurred as two episodes during the Permian–Triassic crisis. Spec Pap Geol Soc Am 35, 1083–1086 (2007).
  18. 10.1130/G32126.1 · DOI
  19. MR Rampino K Kaiho Did the great dying of life take 700 k.y.? Evidence from global astronomical correlation of the Permian-Triassic boundary interval. Geology Forum 40(5):e267. (2012). · doi:10.1130/g32821c.1
  20. 10.1038/ncomms3452 · doi:10.1038/ncomms3452
  21. Y Wang et al. Quantifying the process and abruptness of the end-Permian mass extinction. Paleobiology 40(1):113–129. (2013). · DOI
  22. 10.18814/epiiugs/2006/v29i3/003 · doi:10.18814/epiiugs/2006/v29i3/003
  23. 10.1016/j.gca.2010.09.019 · DOI
  24. 10.1029/2010GC003478 · DOI · Paper page
  25. 10.1029/2010GC003479 · DOI · Paper page
  26. 10.1126/science.289.5478.432 · DOI · Paper page
  27. 10.1666/13022 · DOI
  28. 10.1130/0091-7613(2000)28<643:TOTEEH>2.0.CO;2 · doi:10.1130/0091-7613(2000)28
  29. P Gorjan, K Kaiho, ZQ Chen, A carbon-isotopic study of an end-Permian mass-extinction horizon, Bulla, northern Italy: A negative δ 13C shift prior to the marine extinction. Terra Nova 244, 483–492 (2007).
  30. J Guex, et al., Geochronological constraints on post-extinction recovery of the ammonoids and carbon cycle perturbations during the Early Jurassic. Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol 267, 266–275 (2008).
  31. 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2012.10.023 · DOI · Paper page
  32. C Korte, et al., Carbon, sulfur, oxygen and strontium isotope records, organic geochemistry and biostratigraphy across the Permian/Triassic boundary in Abadeh, Iran. Int J Earth Sci 93, 565–581 (2004).
  33. 10.1126/science.1224126 · DOI · Paper page
  34. 10.1130/G21654.1 · DOI · Paper page
  35. 10.1126/science.272.5265.1155 · DOI · Paper page
  36. 10.1038/ngeo578 · DOI · Paper page
  37. 10.1126/science.289.5485.1719 · DOI · Paper page
  38. 10.1666/08082.1 · DOI
  39. 10.1038/ngeo1475 · DOI · Paper page
  40. 10.1130/G32191.1 · DOI · Paper page
  41. 10.1126/science.1174638 · DOI · Paper page
  42. 10.1016/j.epsl.2008.11.015 · DOI · Paper page
  43. 10.1016/S0012-821X(03)00347-9 · DOI · Paper page
  44. 10.1130/G25325A.1 · DOI
  45. 10.1016/j.epsl.2007.01.034 · DOI · Paper page
  46. 10.1126/science.269.5229.1413 · DOI · Paper page
  47. 10.1016/j.epsl.2008.09.030 · DOI · Paper page
  48. 10.1126/science.1234204 · DOI · Paper page
  49. 10.1016/j.earscirev.2013.04.001 · DOI
  50. 10.1038/ngeo1649 · DOI · Paper page
  51. 10.1126/science.1097023 · DOI · Paper page
  52. 10.1016/j.epsl.2010.12.033 · DOI · Paper page
  53. 10.1130/G23117A.1 · DOI
  54. 10.1016/j.epsl.2006.01.042 · DOI · Paper page
  55. 10.1016/j.epsl.2012.10.035 · DOI
  56. 10.1038/nature06588 · DOI · Paper page
  57. 10.1126/science.1177265 · DOI · Paper page
  58. 10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.35.021103.105715 · DOI
  59. 10.1016/j.epsl.2010.04.008 · doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2010.04.008
  60. 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2005.03.011 · DOI · Paper page
  61. 10.1016/0016-7037(73)90213-5 · DOI · Paper page
  62. 10.1016/S0009-2541(96)00033-2 · DOI · Paper page
  63. 10.1016/B978-0-444-59425-9.00025-1 · DOI

Cited by

See all 732

Metadata

Authors
Burgess, S. D., Bowring, S., & Shen, S.-Z.
Venue
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Published
2014-02-10
Volume
111
Issue
9
Pages
3316-3321
ISSN
  • 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
  • 1091-6490
OpenAlex
W2109960660
Cited by
732
References
0
FWCI
47.34
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
bronze

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: High-precision timeline for Earth’s most severe extinction. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1073/pnas.1317692111
The paper
Burgess, S. D., Bowring, S., & Shen, S.-Z. (2014). High-precision timeline for Earth’s most severe extinction. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1317692111

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.