Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
Cited by 324

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 28 of the 28 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Three-dimensional cell migration does not follow a random walk

Open access
Wu, Pei-Hsun, Giri, Anjil, Sun, Sean X., Wirtz, Denis·2014·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

Abstract

Significance: The motility of cells in the absence of gradients has long been described in terms of random walks. Most of what we know about eukaryotic cell migration has stemmed from well-controlled studies of cell migration on flat dishes. However, cells in vivo often move through 3D environments. Despite this difference, cell speed and persistence are typically extracted from fits using the same persistence random walk (PRW) model. This paper shows that the assumptions of the PRW model are erroneous for 3D cell migration. We introduce and validate a new model of 3D cell migration that takes into account cell heterogeneity and the anisotropic movements induced by local remodeling of the 3D matrix.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1073/pnas.1318967111

Cites

28 of 28 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 28 references

Cited by

See all 324

Metadata

Authors
Wu, P.-H., Giri, A., Sun, S. X., & Wirtz, D.
Venue
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Published
2014-03-04
Volume
111
Issue
11
Pages
3949-3954
ISSN
  • 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
  • 1091-6490
OpenAlex
W2035336687
Cited by
324
References
28
FWCI
11.46
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
green

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Three-dimensional cell migration does not follow a random walk. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1073/pnas.1318967111
The paper
Wu, P.-H., Giri, A., Sun, S. X., & Wirtz, D. (2014). Three-dimensional cell migration does not follow a random walk. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1318967111

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.