The DOI matches its Crossref record; 69 of the 69 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Declines in large wildlife increase landscape-level prevalence of rodent-borne disease in Africa
Open accessAbstract
Significance: Understanding the effects of biodiversity loss on zoonotic disease is of pressing importance to both conservation science and public health. This paper provides experimental evidence of increased landscape-level disease risk following declines in large wildlife, using the case study of the rodent-borne zoonosis, bartonellosis, in East Africa. This pattern is driven not by changes in community composition or diversity of hosts, as frequently proposed in other systems, but by increases in abundance of susceptible hosts following large mammal declines. Given that rodent increases following large wildlife declines appear to be a widespread pattern, we suggest this relationship is likely to be general.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Ecological extinctions are well known in terrestrial environments and have been demonstrated to be just as disruptive as species extinctions (20).”
From Marine defaunation: Animal loss in the global ocean (2015) · cites this paper as [20]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Has the Earth’s sixth mass extinction already arrived?
Barnosky, A. D., Matzke, N., Tomiya, S., Wogan, G. O. U., Swartz, B., Quental, T. B., Marshall, C., McGuire, J. L., Lindsey, E. L., Maguire, K. C., et al. (2011) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature09678 · Cited by 4,400
Trophic Downgrading of Planet Earth
Estes, J. A., Terborgh, J., Brashares, J. S., Power, M. E., Berger, J., Bond, W. J., Carpenter, S. R., Essington, T. E., Holt, R. D., Jackson, J. B. C., et al. (2011) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1205106 · Cited by 4,087
Risk factors for human disease emergence
Taylor, L. H., Latham, S. M., & woolhouse, M. E. J. (2001) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2001.0888 · Cited by 2,835
Functional diversity: back to basics and looking forward
Petchey, O. L., & Gaston, K. J. (2006) · Ecology Letters · doi:10.1111/j.1461-0248.2006.00924.x · Cited by 2,711
Origins of major human infectious diseases
Wolfe, N. D., Dunavan, C. P., & Diamond, J. (2007) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature05775 · Cited by 1,867
Effects of species diversity on disease risk
Keesing, F., Holt, R. D., & Ostfeld, R. S. (2006) · Ecology Letters · doi:10.1111/j.1461-0248.2006.00885.x · Cited by 1,642
The Status of the World's Land and Marine Mammals: Diversity, Threat, and Knowledge
Schipper, J., Chanson, J. S., Chiozza, F., Cox, N. A., Hoffmann, M., Katariya, V., Lamoreux, J., Rodrigues, A. S. L., Stuart, S. N., Temple, H. J., et al. (2008) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1165115 · Cited by 1,534
Self-citationMultiple causes of high extinction risk in large mammal species
Cardillo, M., Mace, G. M., Jones, K. E., Bielby, J., Bininda-Emonds, O. R. P., Sechrest, W., Orme, C. D. L., & Purvis, A. (2005) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1116030 · Cited by 1,337
Cleaveland, S., Laurenson, M. K., & Taylor, L. H. (2001) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2001.0889 · Cited by 1,188
LoGiudice, K. M., Ostfeld, R. S., Schmidt, K. A., & Keesing, F. (2003) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0233733100 · Cited by 1,160
Functional Extinction of Birds Drives Rapid Evolutionary Changes in Seed Size
Galetti, M., Guevara, R., Côrtes, M. C., Fadini, R., Von Matter, S., Leite, A. B., Labecca, F., Ribeiro, T., Carvalho, C. S., Collevatti, R. G., et al. (2013) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1233774 · Cited by 768
A comparison of bats and rodents as reservoirs of zoonotic viruses: are bats special?
Luis, A. D., Hayman, D. T. S., O’Shea, T. J., Cryan, P. M., Gilbert, A. T., Pulliam, J. R. C., Mills, J. N., Timonin, M. E., Willis, C. K. R., Cunningham, A. A., et al. (2013) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2012.2753 · Cited by 748
NATURAL HISTORY OF PLAGUE: Perspectives from More than a Century of Research
Gage, K. L., & Kosoy, M. (2004) · Annual Review of Entomology · doi:10.1146/annurev.ento.50.071803.130337 · Cited by 733
Self-citationBellwood, D. R., Hoey, A. S., & Choat, J. H. (2003) · Ecology Letters · doi:10.1046/j.1461-0248.2003.00432.x · Cited by 595
Fritz, S. A., Bininda‐Emonds, O. R. P., & Purvis, A. (2009) · Ecology Letters · doi:10.1111/j.1461-0248.2009.01307.x · Cited by 585
Effects of Host Diversity on Infectious Disease
Ostfeld, R. S., & Keesing, F. (2012) · Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics · doi:10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-102710-145022 · Cited by 528
Human health impacts of ecosystem alteration
Myers, S. S., Gaffikin, L., Golden, C. D., Ostfeld, R. S., H. Redford, K., H. Ricketts, T., Turner, W. R., & Osofsky, S. A. (2013) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1218656110 · Cited by 501
Bitam, I., Dittmar, K., Parola, P., Whiting, M. F., & Raoult, D. (2010) · International Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2009.11.011 · Cited by 492
Self-citationEFFECTS OF GRASSLAND PLANT SPECIES DIVERSITY, ABUNDANCE, AND COMPOSITION ON FOLIAR FUNGAL DISEASE
Mitchell, C. E., Tilman, D. G., & Groth, J. V. (2002) · Ecology · doi:10.1890/0012-9658(2002)083[1713:eogpsd]2.0.co;2 · Cited by 492
Pangloss revisited: a critique of the dilution effect and the biodiversity-buffers-disease paradigm
Randolph, S., & Dobson, A. D. M. (2012) · Parasitology · doi:10.1017/s0031182012000200 · Cited by 432
Ecosystem ecology: size-based constraints on the pyramids of life
Trebilco, R., Baum, J. K., Salomon, A. K., & Dulvy, N. K. (2013) · Trends in Ecology & Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.tree.2013.03.008 · Cited by 386
Deer, predators, and the emergence of Lyme disease
Levi, T., Kilpatrick, A. M., Mangel, M., & Wilmers, C. C. (2012) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1204536109 · Cited by 372
Ezenwa, V. O., Godsey, M. S., King, R. J., & Guptill, S. C. (2006) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2005.3284 · Cited by 361
Ostfeld, R. S., & Holt, R. D. (2004) · Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment · doi:10.1890/1540-9295(2004)002[0013:apgfyh]2.0.co;2 · Cited by 343
Mice, Rats, and People: The Bio-Economics of Agricultural Rodent Pests
Stenseth, N. C., Leirs, H., Skonhoft, A., Davis, S., Pech, R. P., Andreassen, H. P., Singleton, G. R., Lima, M., Machang’u, R. S., Makundi, R. H., et al. (2003) · Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment · doi:10.1890/1540-9295(2003)001[0367:mraptb]2.0.co;2 · Cited by 331
Leirs, H., Stenseth, N. C., Nichols, J. D., Hines, J. E., Verhagen, R., & Verheyen, W. N. (1997) · Nature · doi:10.1038/38271 · Cited by 313
Vector transmission of Bartonella species with emphasis on the potential for tick transmission
Billeter, S. A., Levy, M. G., Chomel, B. B., & Breitschwerdt, E. B. (2008) · Medical and Veterinary Entomology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2915.2008.00713.x · Cited by 306
Self-citationSalkeld, D. J., Padgett, K. A., & Jones, J. H. (2013) · Ecology Letters · doi:10.1111/ele.12101 · Cited by 301
Self-citationIMPACT OF HOST COMMUNITY COMPOSITION ON LYME DISEASE RISK
LoGiudice, K. M., Duerr, S., Newhouse, M. J., Schmidt, K. A., Killilea, M., & Ostfeld, R. S. (2008) · Ecology · doi:10.1890/07-1047.1 · Cited by 276
A molecular phylogeny of fleas (Insecta: Siphonaptera): origins and host associations
Whiting, M. F., Whiting, A. S., Hastriter, M. W., & Dittmar, K. (2008) · Cladistics · doi:10.1111/j.1096-0031.2008.00211.x · Cited by 272
Self-citationDoes biodiversity protect humans against infectious disease?
Wood, C. L., Lafferty, K. D., DeLeo, G., Young, H. S., Hudson, P. J., & Kuris, A. M. (2014) · Ecology · doi:10.1890/13-1041.1 · Cited by 268
Self-citationExperimental Evidence for Reduced Rodent Diversity Causing Increased Hantavirus Prevalence
Suzán, G., Marcé, E., Giermakowski, J. T., Mills, J. N., Ceballos, G., Ostfeld, R. S., Armién, B., Pascale, J. M., & Yates, T. L. (2009) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0005461 · Cited by 256
Bartonellosis, an increasingly recognized zoonosis
Chomel, B. B., & Kasten, R. W. (2010) · Journal of Applied Microbiology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2672.2010.04679.x · Cited by 248
Herbivore-initiated interaction cascades and their modulation by productivity in an African savanna
Pringle, R. M., Young, T. P., Rubenstein, D. I., & McCauley, D. J. (2006) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0609840104 · Cited by 234
Self-citationKLEE: A long‐term multi‐species herbivore exclusion experiment in Laikipia, Kenya
Young, T. P., Okello, B. D., Kinyua, D. W., & Palmer, T. M. (1997) · African Journal of Range and Forage Science · doi:10.1080/10220119.1997.9647929 · Cited by 222
Self-citationKosoy, M., Regnery, R. L., Tzianabos, T., Marston, E. L., Jones, D. C., Green, D., Maupin, G. O., Olson, J. G., & Childs, J. E. (1997) · American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene · doi:10.4269/ajtmh.1997.57.578 · Cited by 207
Self-citationSize‐Related Differential Seed Predation in a Heavily Defaunated Neotropical Rain Forest
Dirzo, R., Mendoza, E., & Ortíz, P. (2007) · Biotropica · doi:10.1111/j.1744-7429.2007.00274.x · Cited by 200
Self-citationHost and parasite diversity jointly control disease risk in complex communities
Johnson, P. T. J., Preston, D. L., Hoverman, J. T., & LaFonte, B. E. (2013) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1310557110 · Cited by 157
Cryptic Consumers and the Ecology of an African Savanna
KEESING, F. (2000) · BioScience · doi:10.1641/0006-3568(2000)050[0205:ccateo]2.3.co;2 · Cited by 157
Previtali, M. A., Lima, M., Meserve, P. L., Kelt, D. A., & Gutiérrez, J. R. (2009) · Ecology · doi:10.1890/08-0405.1 · Cited by 151
Wall, R. L., & Shearer, D. H. (1997) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-011-5852-7 · Cited by 147
Cyclic hantavirus epidemics in humans — Predicted by rodent host dynamics
Kallio, E. R. K., Begon, M. E., Henttonen, H. A., Koskela, E., Mappes, T., Vaheri, A. I., & Vapalahti, O. (2009) · Epidemics · doi:10.1016/j.epidem.2009.03.002 · Cited by 142
Badger social networks correlate with tuberculosis infection
Weber, N. L., Carter, S. P., Dall, S. R. X., Delahay, R. J., McDonald, J. L., Bearhop, S., & McDonald, R. A. (2013) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2013.09.011 · Cited by 141
Species richness and abundance of small mammals inside and outside an African national park
Caro, T. (2001) · Biological Conservation · doi:10.1016/s0006-3207(00)00105-1 · Cited by 140
Mills, J. N. (2006) · Biodiversity · doi:10.1080/14888386.2006.9712789 · Cited by 136
LOCALIZED DEER ABSENCE LEADS TO TICK AMPLIFICATION
Perkins, S. E., Cattadori, I. M., Tagliapietra, V., Rizzoli, A. P., & Hudson, P. J. (2006) · Ecology · doi:10.1890/0012-9658(2006)87[1981:ldaltt]2.0.co;2 · Cited by 130
Does habitat disturbance increase infectious disease risk for primates?
Young, H. S., Griffin, R. H., Wood, C. L., & Nunn, C. L. (2013) · Ecology Letters · doi:10.1111/ele.12094 · Cited by 123
Self-citationGoheen, J., Palmer, T., Charles, G. K., Helgen, K., Kinyua, S. N., Maclean, J. E., Turner, B. L., Young, H., & Pringle, R. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0055192 · Cited by 120
Self-citationYoung, H. S., McCauley, D. J., Helgen, K. M., Goheen, J. R., Otárola‐Castillo, E., Palmer, T. M., Pringle, R. M., Young, T. P., & Dirzo, R. (2013) · Journal of Ecology · doi:10.1111/1365-2745.12096 · Cited by 116
Self-citationSin Nombre Virus and Rodent Species Diversity: A Test of the Dilution and Amplification Hypotheses
Clay, C. A., Lehmer, E. M., Jeor, S. S., & Dearing, M. D. (2009) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0006467 · Cited by 107
Stevenson, H. L., Bai, Y., Kosoy, M., Montenieri, J. A., Lowell, J. L., Chu, M., & Gage, K. L. (2003) · Journal of Medical Entomology · doi:10.1603/0022-2585-40.3.329 · Cited by 102
Self-citationBiodiversity and human health: evidence for causality?
Hough, R. L. (2013) · Biodiversity and Conservation · doi:10.1007/s10531-013-0614-1 · Cited by 100
Billeter, S. A., Gundi, V. A. K. B., Rood, M. P., & Kosoy, M. (2011) · Applied and Environmental Microbiology · doi:10.1128/aem.06012-11 · Cited by 97
Self-citationLinking manipulative experiments to field data to test the dilution effect
Venesky, M. D., Liu, X., Sauer, E. L., & Rohr, J. R. (2013) · Journal of Animal Ecology · doi:10.1111/1365-2656.12159 · Cited by 97
Non-random biodiversity loss underlies predictable increases in viral disease prevalence
Lacroix, C., Jolles, A. E., Seabloom, E. W., Power, A. G., Mitchell, C. E., & Borer, E. T. (2013) · Journal of The Royal Society Interface · doi:10.1098/rsif.2013.0947 · Cited by 94
Phylogenetic diversity does not capture body size variation at risk in the world's mammals
Fritz, S. A., & Purvis, A. (2010) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2010.0030 · Cited by 93
INDIRECT EFFECTS OF LARGE HERBIVORES ON SNAKES IN AN AFRICAN SAVANNA
McCauley, D. J., Keesing, F., Young, T. P., Allan, B. F., & Pringle, R. M. (2006) · Ecology · doi:10.1890/0012-9658(2006)87[2657:ieolho]2.0.co;2 · Cited by 87
Self-citationVeterinary Entomology: Arthropod Ectoparasites of Veterinary Importance
Wall, R. L., & Shearer, D. H. (1997) · Cited by 86
Salkeld, D. J., & Lane, R. S. (2010) · Ecology · doi:10.1890/08-2106.1 · Cited by 81
Self-citationTelfer, S., Begon, M. E., Bennett, M., Bown, K. J., Burthe, S. J., Lambin, X., Telford, G. R., & Birtles, R. J. (2006) · Parasitology · doi:10.1017/s0031182006001624 · Cited by 78
Effects of wildlife and cattle on tick abundance in central Kenya
Keesing, F., Allan, B. F., Young, T. P., & Ostfeld, R. S. (2013) · Ecological Applications · doi:10.1890/12-1607.1 · Cited by 78
Self-citationISOLATION OF BARTONELLA SPP. FROM EMBRYOS AND NEONATES OF NATURALLY INFECTED RODENTS
Kosoy, M., Regnery, R. L., Kosaya, O. I., Jones, D. C., Marston, E. L., & Childs, J. E. (1998) · Journal of Wildlife Diseases · doi:10.7589/0090-3558-34.2.305 · Cited by 73
Self-citationDiversity of bartonellae associated with small mammals inhabiting Free State province, South Africa
Pretorius, A.-M., Béati, L., & Birtles, R. J. (2004) · INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY · doi:10.1099/ijs.0.03033-0 · Cited by 65
Exotic Small Mammals as Potential Reservoirs of ZoonoticBartonellaspp.
Inoue, K., Maruyama, S., Kabeya, H., Hagiya, K., Izumi, Y., Une, Y., & Yoshikawa, Y. (2009) · Emerging infectious diseases · doi:10.3201/eid1504.081223 · Cited by 59
ECOLOGICAL DIFFERENCES AND COEXISTENCE IN A GUILD OF MICROPARASITES: BARTONELLA IN WILD RODENTS
Telfer, S., Clough, H. E., Birtles, R. J., Bennett, M. J., Carslake, D., Helyar, S., & Begon, M. E. (2007) · Ecology · doi:10.1890/06-1004.1 · Cited by 49
Effects of the removal of large herbivores on fleas of small mammals
McCauley, D. J., Keesing, F., Young, T. P., & Dittmar, K. (2008) · Journal of Vector Ecology · doi:10.3376/1081-1710-33.2.263 · Cited by 40
Self-citationHayman, D. T. S., McDonald, K. D., & Kosoy, M. (2013) · Ecology and Evolution · doi:10.1002/ece3.702 · Cited by 35
Self-citationBai, Y., Kosoy, M., Ray, C., Brinkerhoff, R. J., & Collinge, S. K. (2008) · Microbial Ecology · doi:10.1007/s00248-007-9355-6 · Cited by 31
Self-citationKedem, H., Cohen, C., Messika, I., Einav, M., Pilosof, S., & Hawlena, H. (2013) · Ecology · doi:10.1890/13-0678.1 · Cited by 30
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Defaunation in the Anthropocene
Dirzo, R., Young, H. S., Galetti, M., Ceballos, G., Isaac, N. J. B., & Collen, B. (2014) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1251817 · Cited by 4,474
Self-citationMarine defaunation: Animal loss in the global ocean
McCauley, D. J., Pinsky, M. L., Palumbi, S. R., Estes, J. A., Joyce, F. H., & Warner, R. R. (2015) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1255641 · Cited by 1,305
Self-citationCollapse of the world’s largest herbivores
Ripple, W. J., Newsome, T. M., Wolf, C., Dirzo, R., Everatt, K. T., Galetti, M., Hayward, M. W., Kerley, G. I. H., Levi, T., Lindsey, P. A., et al. (2015) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.1400103 · Cited by 1,229
Self-citationSandifer, P. A., Sutton‐Grier, A. E., & Ward, B. (2015) · Ecosystem Services · doi:10.1016/j.ecoser.2014.12.007 · Cited by 1,275
Bushmeat hunting and extinction risk to the world's mammals
Ripple, W. J., Abernethy, K. A., Betts, M. G., Chapron, G., Dirzo, R., Galetti, M., Levi, T., Lindsey, P. A., Macdonald, D. W., Machovina, B., et al. (2016) · Royal Society Open Science · doi:10.1098/rsos.160498 · Cited by 680
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Young, H. S., Dirzo, R., Helgen, K. M., McCauley, D. J., Billeter, S. A., Kosoy, M. Y., Osikowicz, L. M., Salkeld, D. J., Young, T. P., & Dittmar, K.
- Affiliations
- Smithsonian Institution (US)
- Department of Biology and
- University of California, Santa Barbara (US)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US)
- Colorado State University (US)
- University of California, Davis (US)
- University at Buffalo, State University of New York (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2014-04-28
- Volume
- 111
- Issue
- 19
- Pages
- 7036-7041
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- PMC
- PMC4024866
- OpenAlex
- W2154261096
- Cited by
- 146
- References
- 69
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 5
- FWCI
- 11.89
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Adelaide Research & Scholarship (AR&S) (University of Adelaide) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation (97-07477, 0316402, 0816453)
- Smithsonian Institution
- National Geographic Society
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (98210‐0‐G563)
- Division of Environmental Biology (09-09670)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Bartonella species infections research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Zoonotic diseases and public health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Yersinia bacterium, plague, ectoparasites research
- Keywords
- defaunation, rodent-borne zoonoses, Bartonella, bartonellosis, rodent density, savanna ecosystems, host regulation, disease transmission risk, East Africa
- MeSH terms
- Africa, Eastern, Animals, Animals, Wild, Bartonella Infections, Humans, Kenya, Lice Infestations, Risk Factors, Rodent Diseases, Rodentia, Zoonoses, Prevalence, Ecosystem, Biodiversity, Xenopsylla, Flea Infestations
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
