Cited by 520Organic Food and AgricultureAgricultural economics and policiesSustainable Agricultural Systems Analysis

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 49 of the 50 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Financial competitiveness of organic agriculture on a global scale

Open access

Crowder, David W., Reganold, John P.·2015·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

DOI 10.1073/pnas.1423674112PMC PMC4475942

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Significance: Some recognize organic agriculture as being important for future global food security, whereas others project it to become irrelevant. Although organic agriculture is rapidly growing, it currently occupies only 1% of global cropland. Whether organic agriculture can continue to expand will likely be determined by whether it is economically competitive with conventional agriculture. Accordingly, we analyzed the financial performance of organic and conventional agriculture from 40 y of studies covering 55 crops grown on five continents. We found that, in spite of lower yields, organic agriculture was significantly more profitable than conventional agriculture and has room to expand globally. Moreover, with its environmental benefits, organic agriculture can contribute a larger share in sustainably feeding the world.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1073/pnas.1423674112

Cites

49 of 49 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

A safe operating space for humanity
Rockström, J., Steffen, W., Noone, K., Persson, Å., Chapin, F. S., Lambin, E. F., Lenton, T. M., Scheffer, M., Folke, C., Schellnhuber, H. J., et al. (2009) · Nature · doi:10.1038/461472a · Cited by 13,333
Food Security: The Challenge of Feeding 9 Billion People
Godfray, H. C. J., Beddington, J. R., Crute, I. R., Haddad, L., Lawrence, D., Muir, J. F., Pretty, J., Robinson, S., Thomas, S. M., & Toulmin, C. (2010) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1185383 · Cited by 11,943
Book Reviews: Statistical Methods for Meta-Analysis Larry V. Hedges and Ingram Olkin New York: Academic Press, 1985. xxii + 369 pp
Wasserman, S. S., Hedges, L. V., & Olkin, I. (1988) · Journal of Educational Statistics · doi:10.2307/1164953 · Cited by 10,377
Statistical Methods for Meta-Analysis.
Freeman, P. R., Hedges, L. V., & Olkin, I. (1986) · Biometrics · doi:10.2307/2531069 · Cited by 4,840
The meta-analysis of response ratios in experimental ecology
Hedges, L. V., Gurevitch, J., & Curtis, P. S. (1999) · Ecology · doi:10.1890/0012-9658(1999)080[1150:tmaorr]2.0.co;2 · Cited by 4,704 · cited 2×
“Weights were the inverse of the study variance plus a common random-effects variance component (42).”
BackgroundMethod
Comparing the yields of organic and conventional agriculture
Seufert, V., Ramankutty, N., & Foley, J. A. (2012) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature11069 · Cited by 2,342
The crop yield gap between organic and conventional agriculture
de Ponti, T., Rijk, B., & van Ittersum, M. K. (2012) · Agricultural Systems · doi:10.1016/j.agsy.2011.12.004 · Cited by 1,185
Organic agriculture and the global food supply
Badgley, C. E., Moghtader, J., Quintero, E., Zakem, E. J., Chappell, M. J., Avilés-Vázquez, K. R., Samulon, A., & Perfecto, I. (2007) · Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems · doi:10.1017/s1742170507001640 · Cited by 1,058
Environmental Impact of Different Agricultural Management Practices: Conventional vs. Organic Agriculture
Gomiero, T., Pimentel, D. M. D. S., & Paoletti, M. G. (2011) · Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences · doi:10.1080/07352689.2011.554355 · Cited by 1,041
Environment and Development
(2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-55416-3 · Cited by 993

Show all 50 references

Research works printed but not linked: 3

O De Schutter Report Submitted by the Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food (United Nations, Geneva, 2010).
A Avery The Truth About Organic Foods (Henderson Communications LLC, Chesterfield, MO, 2006).
; SAS Institute JMP 11.0 (SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC, 2014).

Sorted by citations

Items 301–400 of 520

Identifying Audience Needs to Effectively Communicate about the Cost of Implementing Sustainable Farming Practices
Gibson, K. E., Lamm, A. J., & Lamm, K. W. (2020) · Journal of Applied Communications · doi:10.4148/1051-0834.2334 · Cited by 4
When the Sugar Runs Out: Transitioning Agricultural Systems and Their Effect on Dietary Diversity in Yaguajay, Central Cuba
Ramenzoni, V. C., Sánchez, V. V., Massó, D. V., Rivero, A. R., Escuela, D. Y. B., & Hoffman, D. J. (2023) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su151713073 · Cited by 4
Analysis of the Financial State and Efficiency of Activities of Organic Producers in Russia
Babanskaya, A. S., Telegina, Z. A., Kolomeeva, E. S., Minaeva, V. M., Tikunova, A. S., Usanov, A. Y., & Tryastsina, N. Y. (2023) · WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON BUSINESS AND ECONOMICS · doi:10.37394/23207.2023.20.167 · Cited by 4
Evaluation of critical weed-free period for three sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas) cultivars
Cooper, E. G., Meyers, S. L., Arana, J., Jennings, K. M., Adair, A., Gibson, K. D., & Johnson, W. G. (2024) · Weed Science · doi:10.1017/wsc.2024.15 · Cited by 4
Chinese organic rice transition spatial econometrics empirical analysis
Luo, Z., & Huang, Y. (2024) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0297784 · Cited by 4
Supporting Differentiated Paths for Sustainable Agriculture and Food System Transformation in Ethiopia: Exploring Agroecology perspective
Endris, G. S., Aweke, C. S., Wordofa, M. G., Tolesa, G. N., Lemma, T., Hassen, J. Y., & Lucantoni, D. (2024) · Sustainable Environment · doi:10.1080/27658511.2024.2408929 · Cited by 4
Soil health and ecological resilience of no-till, organic, and mixed-crop livestock systems in eastern Washington State
Davis, A. G., Carpenter‐Boggs, L., Smith, K. L., Wachter, J. M., Heineck, G. C., Huggins, D. R., & Reganold, J. P. (2025) · Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment · doi:10.1016/j.agee.2025.109639 · Cited by 4
Self-citation
An Adoption of Selected Ecological Agricultural Practices by the Farmers
Katiyar, R., Pal, A. K., & Mohan, B. (2017) · International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences · doi:10.20546/ijcmas.2017.610.121 · Cited by 4
Breeding Approaches for Sustainable Vegetable Production – A Review
Tamilselvi, N. A., & Arumugam, T. (2017) · International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences · doi:10.20546/ijcmas.2017.611.336 · Cited by 4
BIOFERTILIZATION WITH CHLOROPHYTA AND CYANOPHYTA: AN ALTERNATIVE FOR ORGANIC FOOD PRODUCTION
Ortíz-Moreno, M. L., Solarte-Murillo, L. V., & Sandoval-Parra, K. X. (2020) · Acta Biológica Colombiana · doi:10.15446/abc.v25n2.77183 · Cited by 8
Institutional Conditions for Strengthening the Position of Organic Farming as a Component of Sustainable Development
Łuczka-Bakuła, W. (2021) · Problemy Ekorozwoju · doi:10.35784/pe.2021.1.16 · Cited by 4
Costos de producción de productos agroecológicos, en productores familiares de pequeña escala, de la Feria Agroecológica UNIMINUTO, Colombia
Africano, A. M. C., & Soto, N. S. (2020) · Cooperativismo & Desarrollo · doi:10.16925/2382-4220.2020.01.07 · Cited by 4
Comparison of the Health Cost of Organic and Conventional Vegetable Cultivation in Getasan Sub-district, Semarang, Indonesia
Asfawi, S., Probandari, A. N., Setyono, P., & Hartono, H. (2021) · Journal of Environmental Science and Management · doi:10.47125/jesam/2021_1/04 · Cited by 4
Financial sustainability in Italian Organic Farms: An analysis of the FADN Sample
Buttinelli, R., Cortignani, R., & Dono, G. (2022) · ECONOMIA AGRO-ALIMENTARE · doi:10.3280/ecag2021oa12766 · Cited by 4
Understanding Research Trends and Topics on Organic Agriculture based on Scientific Literature in Social Science
Kosuke, K. A. T. O., Yamamoto, J., & Kobayashi, H. (2023) · Journal of Food System Research · doi:10.5874/jfsr.22.29.4_14 · Cited by 4
Application of multi-criteria decision-making methods: certification mechanisms for organic produce in Brazil
Esguícero, F. J., Rotoli, L. U. M., Battistelle, R. A. G., Deus, R. M., Siqueira, R. M., & Bezerra, B. S. (2019) · International Journal of Environmental Studies · doi:10.1080/00207233.2019.1594216 · Cited by 4
Effect of organic and conventional farming on soil bacterial diversity of pecan tree ( Carya illinoensis K. Kosh) orchard across two phenological stages
Palma‐Cano, L. E., Piñón-Castillo, H. A., Tarango-Rivero, S. H., Carbon, A., Salas‐Leiva, J. S., Castellanos, L., Cravo‐Laureau, C., Duran, R., & Orrantia‐Borunda, E. (2021) · Letters in Applied Microbiology · doi:10.1111/lam.13452 · Cited by 4
Farmland Rental Rates: Does Organic Certification Matter?
Fuller, K. B., Janzen, J. P., & Munkhnasan, B. (2021) · Land Economics · doi:10.3368/wple.97.1.030119-0032r2 · Cited by 4
Promoting the adoption of environmentally friendly agricultural practices: The role of crop insurance participation
Su, M., Feng, S., & Liu, Z. (2024) · Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics · doi:10.1111/1467-8489.12603 · Cited by 3
Bridging data gaps in organic agriculture: Life cycle assessment of large-scale organic maize and soybeans production in Brazil
Savian, M., & Holden, N. M. (2025) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.180530 · Cited by 3
Liquid organic fertilizers in soilless cultivation: a systematic review of production, performance, challenges, and future prospects
Chand, J., Reza, R., Chowdhury, M., Hager, J. V., Dash, P. K., Akter, N., & Cammarisano, L. (2026) · Frontiers in Sustainability · doi:10.3389/frsus.2026.1775182 · Cited by 3
Organic Agriculture: Global challenges and environmental impacts
Nitu, T. T., Promi, T. B. R., & Hemel, S. A. K. (2023) · IntechOpen eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.1001515 · Cited by 3
Barriers and Levers in the Development of the Value Chain of Organic Vegetables in Romania
Dan, I. S., & Jitea, I. M. (2023) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su151612321 · Cited by 3
Thematic analysis: factors of food safety certification adoption among farmers in Malaysia
Omar, M. S., Yusuf, M. F., & Cheng, J. K. (2023) · Journal of International Trade Law and Policy · doi:10.1108/jitlp-06-2023-0031 · Cited by 3
Regenerative Agricultural Practices for Sustainable Soil Health and Food Production
Udumann, S. S., Dissanayaka, N. S., Nuwarapaksha, T. D., & Atapattu, A. J. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-96-3392-0_5 · Cited by 3
Benefits and Difficulties of Organic and Conventional Rice Farming Systems in Bali, Indonesia
Oyama, K., Sudiarta, I. P., Shiotsu, F., Sakagami, N., Komatsuzaki, M., Nitta, Y., Kurusu, Y., & Suprapta, D. N. (2017) · Nettai Nogyo/Nettai nougyou · doi:10.11248/jsta.61.70 · Cited by 3
Organic Farming: Paradigm Shift during Pandemic to ‘Food Safety” Complying ‘Food Security” in India
Mishra, D. P., & Mishra, S. P. (2020) · Annual Research & Review in Biology · doi:10.9734/arrb/2020/v35i1030289 · Cited by 3
Competition in online land lease auctions in Ukraine: Reduced-form estimation
Myrna, O. (2022) · Land Use Policy · doi:10.1016/j.landusepol.2022.106481 · Cited by 3
Externalities of Pesticides and Their Internalization in the Wheat–Maize Cropping System—A Case Study in China’s Northern Plains
Li, Q., Zhen, H., Si, R., Peng, Y., Guo, S., Waqas, M. A., Qiao, Y., & Zhang, B. (2023) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su151612365 · Cited by 7
Organic fertility management in cotton Gossypium hirsutum L. fosters arthropod biodiversity and complements pest suppression
Shahid, M., Farooq, M. O., Razaq, M., Adnan, M. Y., Zahid, S., Hussain, A., & Shah, F. M. (2023) · Journal of Applied Entomology · doi:10.1111/jen.13196 · Cited by 3
From Farm to Fuel: Animal-Based Bioenergy and Bioproducts
Sameera, V. S., Rao, A. V. R., Srividya, R., Boppena, K., & Rani, R. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-99-7552-5_12 · Cited by 4
Comparative economic analysis of potato production in Western Bhutan-conventional versus in-conversion to organic
Rai, P., Gurung, T., & Sonam, T. (2025) · Cogent Food & Agriculture · doi:10.1080/23311932.2025.2493127 · Cited by 3
Porter’s Five Forces Analysis of the Organic Farming in Laguna Province
Abinsay, M. (2020) · International Journal of Academe and Industry Research · doi:10.53378/345652 · Cited by 3
Organic agriculture in Argentina's Pampas. A case study on Pampa Orgánica Norte farmers
Cabrini, S. M., & Elustondo, L. (2021) · Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems · doi:10.1017/s1742170521000338 · Cited by 3
Organic and conventional farms in the Basilicata region: A comparison of structural and economic variables using FADN data
D’Oronzio, M. A., & Vivo, C. D. (2022) · ECONOMIA AGRO-ALIMENTARE · doi:10.3280/ecag2021oa12775 · Cited by 3
Could the Production of Green Agricultural Products Increase Farmer Household Income? - An Empirical Analysis on Farmer Households in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region
Liu, Z., & Zhao, Y. (2020) · International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning · doi:10.18280/ijsdp.150204 · Cited by 3
Implications of Swede Midge Biology in the Development of Population Management Alternatives
Evans, B. G. (2017) · The Atrium (University of Guelph) · doi:10.13140/rg.2.2.29765.14561 · Cited by 3
Transição energética global e desenvolvimento sustentável: limites e possibilidades no capitalismo contemporâneo
Meza, C. G. (2018) · doi:10.11606/t.106.2018.tde-03102018-100309 · Cited by 3
Perspectives, Terminology, and Classification
Nelson, C. J., Moore, K. J., Collins, M., & Redfearn, D. D. (2020) · doi:10.1002/9781119436669.ch1 · Cited by 3
Organic Farming: A Sustainable Agricultural System
Das, S. (2023) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-90386-8.00088-7 · Cited by 5
Organic certification: Challenges and benefits for producers
Baldin, A. M. (2022) · Revista Sistemática · doi:10.56238/rcsv6n2-005 · Cited by 2
Enhancement of rural agriculture in Japan through industry-academia collaboration: a case of cloud ear mushroom production in Tottori Prefecture
Okuda, Y. (2023) · Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems · doi:10.3389/fsufs.2023.1232830 · Cited by 2
Analysis of Profitability in Good Agriculture Practices Based Vegetable Farming System in Mid-hill Region of Nepal
Kharel, M., Raut, N., & Dahal, B. M. (2024) · Nepalese Horticulture/Nepalese horticulture · doi:10.3126/nh.v18i1.72821 · Cited by 2
Spatial Differentiation of the Competitiveness of Organic Farming in EU Countries in 2014–2023: An Input–Output Approach
Komór, A., Pawlak, J., Wróblewska, W., Białoskurski, S., & Czernyszewicz, E. (2025) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su17177614 · Cited by 2
Soil Conservation Techniques and Sustainable Land Management
Kundu, S., Kumar, S. V., Pooniya, V., Reddy, B. M., Nisani, H. B., Das, K., Barman, A., Dutta, S., Shah, M. H., & Erapuram, P. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-00708-7_15 · Cited by 2
Organic Pig Farming in Europe: Pathways, Performance, and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Agenda
Papatsiros, V. G., Kamvysi, K., Fotos, L., Tsekouras, N. S., Meletis, E., Spilioti, M., Gougoulis, D. A., Trachalaki, T., Tsatsa, A., & Papakonstantinou, G. (2026) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani16030384 · Cited by 2
Agronomic and systemic challenges in organic agriculture exhibit asymmetric economies of scale
Shriya, Wilson, H., & Lubell, M. N. (2026) · Agricultural Systems · doi:10.1016/j.agsy.2026.104645 · Cited by 2
Farming under pressure: land rent, financial risk, and nutrient over-application in China
Jin, Y., Qiao, D., Zhang, K., Luo, Y. M., & Wu, L. (2026) · Food Policy · doi:10.1016/j.foodpol.2026.103074 · Cited by 2
Sustainable Crop Protection and Farming
Meneguzzo, F., & Zabini, F. (2021) · Sustainable development goals series · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-66284-4_5 · Cited by 2
Financial feasibility assessment of adopting active controlled atmosphere containers for exporting highly perishable fruits during COVID-19: case of Taiwanese atemoya
Huang, W.-H., Dy, K. B., Chang, C., & Hsu, S. (2021) · Journal of Agribusiness in Developing and Emerging Economies · doi:10.1108/jadee-09-2021-0248 · Cited by 2
A review on the competitiveness and performance of ecological, organic and regenerative agricultural systems
Constantin, M., Deaconu, M. E., Petrescu, I.-E., Istudor, M., & Tărășilă, G. A. (2022) · Proceedings of the ... International Conference on Business Excellence · doi:10.2478/picbe-2022-0030 · Cited by 2
Problems and Opportunities for the Development of Organic Agriculture in Siberia
Polzikov, D. A., Skubachevskaya, N. D., & Алещенко, В. В. (2023) · Studies on Russian Economic Development · doi:10.1134/s1075700723030127 · Cited by 2
Influence of humic substances and biochar on the yield of cantaloupe (Cucumis melo L.) in organic management systems
Wiggins, Z., Nandwani, D., Akaeze, O., & Hui, D. (2023) · Technology in Horticulture · doi:10.48130/tih-2023-0007 · Cited by 2
Measuring the Progress of Organic Farming in Indian States: Are there any Agro-climatic Implications?
Koner, N., & Laha, A. (2024) · Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi · doi:10.33462/jotaf.1233377 · Cited by 2
Assessing Factors Contributing to Safe And Sustainable Vegetable Farming in Mid-Hills of Nepal: A Pathway Towards a Greener Future
Kharel, M., Raut, N., & Dahal, B. M. (2024) · ES Food & Agroforestry · doi:10.30919/esfaf1162 · Cited by 2
Financial feasibility of developing early-stage organic rice farming: A case study in Tasikmalaya of Indonesia
Susilowati, S. H., Swastika, D. K. S., Sudaryanto, T., Hasibuan, A. M., Agustian, A., Tarigan, H., Dermoredjo, S. K., & Permana, D. (2024) · BIO Web of Conferences · doi:10.1051/bioconf/202411904005 · Cited by 2
Building Soil Biological Ecosystem to Restore Soil Microbial Population Through Regenerative Crop Management Practices
Syamsuri, R. R. P., Wan‐Mohtar, W. A. A. Q. I., Oktavia, D., Akbari, S. I., Prismantoro, D., Miranti, M., Rossiana, N., & Doni, F. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-97-6691-8_11 · Cited by 2
Recent Advances in Co-Occurrence Network of Super-Wetting Materials and Their Application in Agricultural Engineering: A Critical Review
Chen, W., Ren, Z., Lin, Y., Li, Y., & Chen, X. (2024) · Agronomy · doi:10.3390/agronomy14122753 · Cited by 2
Eco-compensation for organic farms integrating internalities and externalities based on temporal and spatial heterogeneity
Gao, L., Cui, J., Fan, Z., Huang, X., Chen, Y., & Zhao, G. (2024) · Environmental Impact Assessment Review · doi:10.1016/j.eiar.2024.107787 · Cited by 2
The effect of Swiss regional nature parks on agricultural earnings
Cracco, M., & Ritzel, C. (2025) · Conservation Science and Practice · doi:10.1111/csp2.70025 · Cited by 3
Organic cultivation and farmland prices: Does certification matter?
Seifert, S., Hüttel, S., & Werwatz, A. (2025) · European Review of Agricultural Economics · doi:10.1093/erae/jbaf026 · Cited by 3
Towards the Managed Transition to Organic Agriculture: Searching for a Strategic Model
Galkin, D. (2022) · Smart innovation, systems and technologies · doi:10.1007/978-981-19-7780-0_5 · Cited by 2
The Process of Adopting Organic Agriculture Technology by Rice Farmers in the Sri Rejeki Farmers Group, Godean, Sleman
Indardi, Rahmawati, N. A., & Rusimah, S. Y. (2021) · E3S Web of Conferences · doi:10.1051/e3sconf/202123201039 · Cited by 2
LIVELIHOOD SECURITY DETERMINANTS OF THE ORGANIC FARM HOUSEHOLD IN SOUTH-EASTERN COAST OF BANGLADESH
Barua, P., & Rahman, S. H. (2020) · Food and Agribusiness Management · doi:10.26480/fabm.01.2021.01.05 · Cited by 2
Sustainable nano-interventions to enhance crop yield, anthocyanin content, and marketability of onion (Allium cepa)
Jangir, H., Kaler, B., Srivastava, G. K., & Das, M. (2023) · Frontiers in Nanotechnology · doi:10.3389/fnano.2023.1256439 · Cited by 2
A Comparative Study Between Organic Agriculture for Vegetables and Fruits Production in Lao PDR and the MRL Approach Used by Other Countries in the Mekong Region
Makino, T., & Inthalangsee, B. (2023) · JAS (Journal of ASEAN Studies) · doi:10.21512/jas.v11i2.9235 · Cited by 2
Impacts of dryland farming systems on biodiversity, plant-insect interactions, and ecosystem services
Adhikari, S. (2018) · Montana State University ScholarWorks (Montana State University) · Cited by 2
Indigenous Farming Systems and Global Sustainability
Mohan, A., Aswathi, K. R., & Prasanna, C. K. (2021) · Encyclopedia of the UN sustainable development goals · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-95882-8_129 · Cited by 2
Indigenous Farming Systems and Global Sustainability
Mohan, A., Aswathi, K. R., & Prasanna, C. K. (2021) · Encyclopedia of the UN sustainable development goals · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-71060-0_129-1 · Cited by 2
Nano pyrite root treatment in conjunction with soil application of goat droppings boost onion yield and anthocyanin and flavonoids content: A nano-organic farming model towards sustainabilityPreprint
Jangir, H., Kaler, B., Srivast, G., & Das, M. (2022) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-1630965/v1 · Cited by 2
Economics of Cereal and Vegetable Crops under Organic and Conventional Production Systems in Nepal
Panta, H. K. (2022) · Agricultural Extension Journal · doi:10.22377/aextj.v6i3.317 · Cited by 1
Konvencionális, ökológiai és permakultúrás gazdaságok környezeti fenntarthatósága
Szilágyi, A., Podmaniczky, L., & Mészáros, D. (2018) · Tájökológiai Lapok · doi:10.56617/tl.3582 · Cited by 1
Is Willingness for Organic Agriculture Practice Adequate and Well-supported? Evidence from China Based on AMO Theory
Jia, Z. (2023) · Advances in Economics Management and Political Sciences · doi:10.54254/2754-1169/10/20230458 · Cited by 1
Determination of Organizational and Economic Determinants of the Current State and Development Trends of Agricultural Producers in Poland and Ukraine
Шеленко, Д., Kijek, A., & Shpykuliak, O. (2023) · Journal of Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University · doi:10.15330/jpnu.10.4.17-30 · Cited by 1
The role of green marketing strategy in the sustainability of organic agriculture
Bolatbek, B. B., Satbaeva, G., & Duisebayeva, A. (2024) · Central Asian Economic Review · doi:10.52821/2789-4401-2024-1-55-63 · Cited by 1
COVID-19 and specialty crop producers: economic impacts and grower solutions
Volpe, R., Cai, X., Delbridge, T. A., & Stevens, A. (2024) · Agricultural and Resource Economics Review · doi:10.1017/age.2024.17 · Cited by 1
Farmers’ Perceptions of the Organic Product Certification Procedure: A Preliminary Investigation in North Greece
Kontogeorgos, A., & Stergiopoulou, E. (2025) · HAICTA · doi:10.3390/proceedings2025117008 · Cited by 1
The economic aspects of organic farms selling their products to organic or conventional market
Fuksová, Z., Bošková, I., Hlaváčková, J., & Novák, M. (2025) · Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) · doi:10.17221/370/2024-agricecon · Cited by 1
Performance Drivers in a Sustainability-Oriented Economy
Petcu, A. M., & Theodorescu, A. (2025) · Proceedings of the ... International Conference on Business Excellence · doi:10.2478/picbe-2025-0113 · Cited by 1
Organic Farming Systems: Navigating the Path to Resilience and Food Security
Mrabet, R., & Behnassi, M. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-89167-0_2 · Cited by 1
Adopting Biochar as Immobilization Support for Hyper Ammonia-Producing Bacteria Proliferation
Bitrus, C., Hammed, A., Ayodele, T. O., Alarape, K., Sarker, N. C., Clementson, C., & Monono, E. (2025) · Applied microbiology · doi:10.3390/applmicrobiol5040111 · Cited by 1
Not as hard as it seems? Labor challenges and opportunities for agroecological practices in the United States
Liebert, J. A., Kerr, R. B., Gennet, S., Hart, A. K., Power, A. G., & Ryan, M. R. (2025) · Agriculture and Human Values · doi:10.1007/s10460-025-10796-z · Cited by 1
Gastrointestinal parasites in sheep and cattle: effect of the production system and seasonality in the Southwestern Iberian Peninsula
Rufino‐Moya, P. J., Martínez-Moreno, F. J., Rodríguez-Hernández, P., Reyes-Palomo, C., Sanz-Fernández, S., Rodríguez‐Estévez, V., Díaz-Gaona, C., García, I. A., Martínez‐Moreno, Á., & Zafra, R. (2025) · Cogent Food & Agriculture · doi:10.1080/23311932.2025.2579216 · Cited by 1
Is organic farming truly sustainable? Estimating the environmental milk costs of Italian alpine dairy farms
Triatmojo, A., Fichter, G., Fischer, C., Gauly, M., & Zanon, T. (2025) · Journal of Agriculture and Food Research · doi:10.1016/j.jafr.2025.102582 · Cited by 1
Both conventionally and organically fertilized tomatoes maintain fruit quality through uncontrolled green peach aphid infestation, with a transcriptional shift towards catabolism
Labbancz, J., Gustafson, L., Andrews, P. K., & Dhingra, A. (2026) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0339753 · Cited by 1
Organic farming with smallholder input rates cannot close the yield gap in Central Kenya
Bautze, D., Unternährer, A., Matheri, F., Muriuki, M., Karanja, E., & Kiboi, M. (2026) · Organic Agriculture · doi:10.1007/s13165-025-00532-6 · Cited by 1
Assessment of organic food from the perspective of sustainable diets and its implication for food education
Kang, H.-J., & Kim, J.-W. (2025) · Food Science and Preservation · doi:10.11002/fsp.2025.32.6.965 · Cited by 1
The Socio-Economic and Environmental Determinants of Organic Farming Expansion in EU: A Panel Data Analysis
Styliani, K., & Natos, D. (2026) · International Conference of the Hellenic Association of Agricultural Economists · doi:10.3390/proceedings2026134050 · Cited by 1
Nutrient release and yield comparison between customized organic and conventional fertilizers in hydroponic lettuce production
Son, S., Hoagland, L., Deering, A. J., Wei-Kocsis, J., & Nemali, K. (2026) · Frontiers in Plant Science · doi:10.3389/fpls.2026.1785126 · Cited by 1
Financial outcomes of organic and conventional farms in Spain (2015–2021). An agroecological perspective
Argilés-Bosch, J. M., Parajuá, N., Martínez, J. L., Bernardo, M., de Molina, M. G., & Tello, E. (2026) · Agroecology and Sustainable Food Systems · doi:10.1080/21683565.2026.2660105 · Cited by 1
Persistence, Resilience, and Economic Outcomes of CAP-Supported Organic Farms: Evidence from Poland
Zieliński, M., Gołębiewska, B., Jadczyszyn, J., Pimenow, S., Sobierajewska, J., Adamski, M., & Tyburski, J. (2026) · Agriculture · doi:10.3390/agriculture16121351 · Cited by 1
Role of Urban Ecological Infrastructure in sustainable urban food security systems of African cities: what is the missing link?
Mukwada, G. (2026) · Frontiers in Sustainable Cities · doi:10.3389/frsc.2026.1857486 · Cited by 1
Traditional and new technologies for producing salad crops: structure of costs
Ivanova, M. I., Bukharov, A. F., Разин, А. Ф., & Кашлева, А. И. (2020) · VEGETABLE CROPS OF RUSSIA · doi:10.18619/2072-9146-2020-3-21-30 · Cited by 1
Data on the detection of toxic metals, essential nutrients, and microbial load of Solanum lycopersicum L. (tomato) and Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench (okra) in Southern India and their impact on human health—A comparison between organic and conventional vegetables
Xavier, J. R., Nagaraj, R., Muthaiah, P. M., Chauhan, O. P., & Patki, P. E. (2021) · Chemical Data Collections · doi:10.1016/j.cdc.2021.100765 · Cited by 1
Compliance als Aufgabe des Risikomanagements? Ein empirischer Vergleich von KMU und Großunternehmen anhand von Stellenanzeigen
Rieg, R., & Vanini, U. (2021) · Zeitschrift für Klein- und Mittelunternehmen/Zeitschrift für KMU und Entrepreneurship · doi:10.3790/zfke.69.4.247 · Cited by 1
Farmland Rental Rates: Does Organic Certification Matter?
Fuller, K. B., Janzen, J. P., & Munkhnasan, B. (2021) · Land Economics · doi:10.3368/wple.97.1.80 · Cited by 1
Are organic farms a panacea for the structural problems of Polish agriculture?
Baraniak, M. (2022) · Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Administratio Locorum · doi:10.31648/aspal.7171 · Cited by 1
Towards Scalable Consortium-Based Organic Agri-Food Systems
Galkin, D. (2023) · Lecture notes in networks and systems · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-34329-2_12 · Cited by 1
How AI Transforms Barriers to Organic Arable Farming Adoption
Salimi, N., & Bokdam, T. (2025) · Lecture notes in operations research · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-76766-1_5 · Cited by 1
The distinct drivers of diversification and job quality on BC organic vegetable farms
Klassen, S., Kremen, C., Ramankutty, N., & Wittman, H. K. (2025) · Agriculture and Human Values · doi:10.1007/s10460-025-10793-2 · Cited by 1

Authors: Crowder, D. W., & Reganold, J. P.
Affiliations: Washington State University (US)
ORCID: Crowder, David W.
Reganold, John P.
Venue: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Publisher: National Academy of Sciences
Published: 2015-06
Volume: 112
Issue: 24
Pages: 7611-7616
ISSN: 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
1091-6490
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1423674112
PMC: PMC4475942
OpenAlex: W1531521427
Cited by: 518
References: 50
Citations by year: 2026: 56 · 2025: 51 · 2024: 55 · 2023: 51 · 2022: 44 · 2021: 67 · 2020: 47 · 2019: 36 · 2018: 34 · 2017: 40 · 2016: 33 · 2015: 3
FWCI: 3.84
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Locations: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Organic Food and Agriculture
Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Agricultural economics and policies
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Agronomy and Crop Science › Sustainable Agricultural Systems Analysis
Keywords: organic farming, conventional farming, economic competitiveness, organic premium, benefit-cost ratio, net present value, labor costs, crop yield, food security, ecosystem services
MeSH terms: Agriculture, Conservation of Natural Resources, Cost-Benefit Analysis, Costs and Cost Analysis, Food Supply, Ecosystem, Crops, Agricultural, Organic Agriculture

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Financial competitiveness of organic agriculture on a global scale

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks