The DOI matches its Crossref record; 58 of the 58 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Criticality of metals and metalloids
Open accessAbstract
Significance: In the past decade, sporadic shortages of metals and metalloids crucial to modern technology have inspired attempts to determine the relative “criticality” of various materials as a guide to materials scientists and product designers. The variety of methodologies that have been used for this purpose have (predictably) resulted in widely varying results, which are therefore of little use. In the present study, we develop a comprehensive, flexible, and transparent approach that we apply to 62 metals and metalloids. We find that the metals of most concern tend to be those with three characteristics: they are available largely or entirely as byproducts, they are used in small quantities for highly specialized applications, and they possess no effective substitutes.
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Cites
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Self-citationImplementation of life cycle impact assessment methods
Jungbluth, N., Margni, M. D., & Hischier, R. (2010) · Cited by 816
Life Cycle Assessment of Metals: A Scientific Synthesis
Nuss, P., & Eckelman, M. J. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0101298 · Cited by 777
Self-citationSkinner, B. J. (2005) · American Mineralogist · doi:10.2138/am.2005.426 · Cited by 660
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Global Lithium Availability: A Constraint for Electric Vehicles?
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Methodology of Metal Criticality Determination
Graedel, T. E., Barr, R., Chandler, C., Chase, T., Choi, J., Christoffersen, L., Friedlander, E., Henly, C., Jun, C., Nassar, N. T., et al. (2012) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es203534z · Cited by 606
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Cited by
Mineral supply for sustainable development requires resource governance
Ali, S. H., Giurco, D., Arndt, N., Nickless, E., Brown, G., Demetriades, A., Durrheim, R., Enriquez, M. A., Kinnaird, J., Littleboy, A., et al. (2017) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature21359 · Cited by 803
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Elshkaki, A., Graedel, T. E., Ciacci, L., & Reck, B. K. (2016) · Global Environmental Change · doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2016.06.006 · Cited by 482
Self-citationGlobal Lithium Sources—Industrial Use and Future in the Electric Vehicle Industry: A Review
Kavanagh, L., Keohane, J., Garcia Cabellos, G., Lloyd, A., & Cleary, J. (2018) · Resources · doi:10.3390/resources7030057 · Cited by 389
Zeng, A., Chen, W., Rasmussen, K. D., Zhu, X., Lundhaug, M., Müller, D. B., Tan, J., Keiding, J. K., Liu, L., Dai, T., et al. (2022) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-022-29022-z · Cited by 325
The race for critical minerals in an era of geopolitical realignments
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Metadata
- Authors
- Graedel, T. E., Harper, E. M., Nassar, N. T., Nuss, P., & Reck, B. K.
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2015-03-23
- Volume
- 112
- Issue
- 14
- Pages
- 4257-4262
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- OpenAlex
- W1966016794
- Cited by
- 759
- References
- 58
- FWCI
- 47.73
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
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- Graedel, T. E., Harper, E. M., Nassar, N. T., Nuss, P., & Reck, B. K. (2015). Criticality of metals and metalloids. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1500415112
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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
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