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Life and extinction of megafauna in the ice-age Arctic
Abstract
Significance: Understanding species extinction is a major concern today, and past extinctions provide valuable lessons. Numerous mammal species became extinct in the Arctic at the end of the ice age, but it is unclear why. By comparing numbers of dated bones with climate records, we find that megafaunal species, like mammoth, horse, and bison, experienced boom and bust cycles during the ice age as they tracked rapid climate changes. For these species to persist, long-distance dispersal was necessary. Their extinction on the North Slope occurred as the ice age ended, because rising sea level severed dispersal routes and spreading peat simultaneously degraded range quality. This finding suggests that arctic mammals can be resilient to environmental changes but only if their habitats remain widely interconnected.
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“Woolly mammoth, which enjoyed a wide dietary niche, was especially common and survived on island remnants of both the GAP and southern BLB into the mid Holocene [4,31,36,39].”
From Beringia and the peopling of the Western Hemisphere (2023) · cites this paper as [36]
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“Several researchers report a major decline in the mammoth population at the end of the LGM (ca 20–15 ka), while bison numbers seem to decline sharply in eastern Beringia during the same period [36,40].”
From Beringia and the peopling of the Western Hemisphere (2023) · cites this paper as [36]
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“Following the Mann et al. model [36], large mammal populations should have experienced one or more increases during the two brief interstadials.”
From Beringia and the peopling of the Western Hemisphere (2023) · cites this paper as [36]
In the citing paper
“Most of this region was occupied by a dry plain that supported a relatively uniform steppe-tundra biome (i.e. the GAP) at least with respect to the fauna, as described previously [36,37,39].”
From Beringia and the peopling of the Western Hemisphere (2023) · cites this paper as [36]
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Sorted by citations
Beringia and the peopling of the Western Hemisphere
Hoffecker, J. F., Elias, S. A., Scott, G. R., O'Rourke, D. H., Hlusko, L. J., Potapova, O., Pitulko, V., Pavlova, E., Bourgeon, L., & Vachula, R. S. (2023) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2022.2246 · Cited by 17
Metadata
- Authors
- Mann, D. H., Groves, P., Reanier, R. E., Gaglioti, B. V., Kunz, M. L., & Shapiro, B.
- Affiliations
- Geosciences Department, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, AK 99775;
- Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, AK 99775;
- Reanier & Associates, Inc., Seattle, WA 98166;
- Water and Environmental Research Center, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, AK 99775;
- Cooperative Extension and Resources, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, AK 99775;
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and University of California, Santa Cruz Genomics Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2015-11-02
- Volume
- 112
- Issue
- 46
- Pages
- 14301-14306
- ISSN
- 0027-8424
- 1091-6490
- Cited by
- 72
- References
- 4
- Language
- en
- Funders
- National Science Foundation (PLR-1417611, ARC-0902169)
- DOI | U.S. Bureau of Land Management (BLM-2012a)
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- Mann, D. H., Groves, P., Reanier, R. E., Gaglioti, B. V., Kunz, M. L., & Shapiro, B. (2015). Life and extinction of megafauna in the ice-age Arctic. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1516573112
