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The Late Pleistocene Dispersal of Modern Humans in the Americas
Abstract
When did humans colonize the Americas? From where did they come and what routes did they take? These questions have gripped scientists for decades, but until recently answers have proven difficult to find. Current genetic evidence implies dispersal from a single Siberian population toward the Bering Land Bridge no earlier than about 30,000 years ago (and possibly after 22,000 years ago), then migration from Beringia to the Americas sometime after 16,500 years ago. The archaeological records of Siberia and Beringia generally support these findings, as do archaeological sites in North and South America dating to as early as 15,000 years ago. If this is the time of colonization, geological data from western Canada suggest that humans dispersed along the recently deglaciated Pacific coastline.
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Clovis is the oldest widespread archaeological complex defined in North America, dating from 11,100 to 10,700 14C years BP (13,000 to 12,600 calendar years BP).
“Clovis, with its distinctive biface, blade and osseous technologies, is the oldest widespread archaeological complex defined in North America, dating from 11,100 to 10,700 14C years BP (13,000 to 12,600 calendar years BP)1,2.”
From The genome of a Late Pleistocene human from a Clovis burial site in western Montana (2014) · cites this paper as [2]
The Anzick-1 data are consistent with a human occupation of the Americas a few thousand years before Clovis.
“it is consistent with a human occupation of the Americas a few thousand years before Clovis,2,3,28”
From The genome of a Late Pleistocene human from a Clovis burial site in western Montana (2014) · cites this paper as [2]
Fecal lipid biomarkers offer access to hitherto unknown or uncertain information, adding to the growing body of evidence about when and by what route people arrived and how these people adapted to diverse landscapes across the continent.
“Fecal lipid biomarkers offer access to hitherto unknown (or at best, uncertain) information, adding to the growing body of evidence that is helping to build a picture of not only when and by what route people arrived but also how these people adapted to diverse landscapes across the continent (48–50).”
From Pre-Clovis occupation of the Americas identified by human fecal biomarkers in coprolites from Paisley Caves, Oregon (2020) · cites this paper as [50]
A 200-300-km calving ice margin would have been a significant obstacle for the first humans to navigate by water.
“A 200-300-km calving ice margin would have been a significant obstacle for the first humans to navigate by water (Al-Suwaidi et al., 2006;Dixon, 2013;Goebel et al., 2008;Mann & Peteet, 1994).”
From Retreat of the Western Cordilleran Ice Sheet Margin During the Last Deglaciation (2018) · cites this paper as Goebel et al., 2008
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Metadata
- Authors
- Goebel, T., Waters, M. R., & O'Rourke, D. H.
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 2008-03-14
- Volume
- 319
- Issue
- 5869
- Pages
- 1497-1502
- ISSN
- 0036-8075
- 1095-9203
- Cited by
- 599
- References
- 0
- Language
- en
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