Cortical cell and neuron density estimates in one chimpanzee hemisphere
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Significance: Chimpanzees are our closest relatives, and understanding the organization of their brains can help us understand our own evolution. Here we present a detailed examination of cell and neuron densities across the chimpanzee cortex. We found similarities to other mammals, including primary sensory areas with high neuron densities and a trend of decreasing neuron densities along the posterior to anterior axis of the cortex. However, we also found a prefrontal region with anomalously high neuron density that disrupts the trend of decreased neuron densities in frontal brain regions. The data reported here allow valuable comparisons among the brains of our close relative and those of humans and other primates.
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The smaller neurons in FTD may have clustered together in the same space, resulting in high densities counted relative to controls.
“The smaller neurons may have clustered together in the same space, resulting in high densities counted relative to controls. 56”
From High vulnerability of medial prefrontal pyramidal neurons in post-stroke, vascular, Alzheimer's disease, and aging-related dementias (2026) · cites this paper as [56]
The Functional Implications section (page not available) describes an inverse relationship between neuron size and packing density and gives densely packed small neurons in V1 as an example. The paper studies chimpanzee cortical areas, not FTD or comparisons with controls, so it supports the proposed size–density relationship but not its application to those groups. (LLM, conf=0.86)
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Author Response: Transcriptional Cartography Integrates Multiscale Biology of the Human Cortex
Wagstyl, K., Adler, S., Seidlitz, J., Vandekar, S., Mallard, T. T., Dear, R., DeCasien, A. R., Satterthwaite, T. D., Liu, S., Vértes, P. E., et al. (2023) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.86933.1.sa0
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Specializations of human cerebral cortex
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Progenitor diversity during formation of the mammalian neocortex
Atak, Z., & Haydar, T. (2026) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2026.1834625
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- Authors
- Collins, C. E., Turner, E. C., Sawyer, E. K., Reed, J. L., Young, N. A., Flaherty, D. K., & Kaas, J. H.
- Affiliations
- Eli Lilly (United States) (US)
- Vanderbilt University (US)
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Kaas, Jon H.
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2016-01-04
- Volume
- 113
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 740-745
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- PMC
- PMC4725503
- OpenAlex
- W2222314078
- Cited by
- 90
- References
- 54
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 4
- FWCI
- 11.53
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Vanderbilt University (P30 CA68485, CA68485)
- G. Harold and Leila Y. Mathers Foundation
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center (CA68485)
- National Institutes of Health (P51OD011133)
- Vanderbilt Digestive Diseases Research Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (DK-058404, P30 CA68485)
- National Cancer Institute (P30 CA 68485, P30CA068485)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (DK058404, P30DK058404)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (U54HD083211)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Primate Behavior and Ecology
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biophysics › Cell Image Analysis Techniques
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Keywords
- neuronal density, primary visual cortex, somatosensory cortex, prefrontal cortex, motor cortex, premotor cortex, cortical specialization, primate neocortex
- MeSH terms
- Aging, Animals, Cell Count, Pan troglodytes, Female, Motor Cortex, Neurons, Somatosensory Cortex, Visual Cortex, Neocortex
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