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The primary mechanism of attenuation of bacillus Calmette–Guérin is a loss of secreted lytic function required for invasion of lung interstitial tissue
Open accessAbstract
Tuberculosis remains a leading cause of death worldwide, despite the availability of effective chemotherapy and a vaccine. Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG), the tuberculosis vaccine, is an attenuated mutant of Mycobacterium bovis that was isolated after serial subcultures, yet the functional basis for this attenuation has never been elucidated. A single region ( RD1 ), which is absent in all BCG substrains, was deleted from virulent M. bovis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains, and the resulting Δ RD1 mutants were significantly attenuated for virulence in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent mice. The M. tuberculosis Δ RD1 mutants were also shown to protect mice against aerosol challenge, in a similar manner to BCG. Interestingly, the Δ RD1 mutants failed to cause cytolysis of pneumocytes, a phenotype that had been previously used to distinguish virulent M. tuberculosis from BCG. A specific transposon mutation, which disrupts the Rv3874 Rv3875 ( cfp-10 esat-6 ) operon of RD1 , also caused loss of the cytolytic phenotype in both pneumocytes and macrophages. This mutation resulted in the attenuation of virulence in mice, as the result of reduced tissue invasiveness. Moreover, specific deletion of each transcriptional unit of RD1 revealed that three independent transcriptional units are required for virulence, two of which are involved in the secretion of ESAT-6 (6-kDa early secretory antigenic target). We conclude that the primary attenuating mechanism of bacillus Calmette–Guérin is the loss of cytolytic activity mediated by secreted ESAT-6, which results in reduced tissue invasiveness.
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“M. tuberculosis and M. marinum mutants with deletion of ESX-1 are attenuated in their respective hosts (61)(62)(63)(64), which is in line with the attenuation of”
From ESX/Type VII Secretion Systems—An Important Way Out for Mycobacterial Proteins (2019) · cites this paper as [62]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Hsu, T., Hingley-Wilson, S. M., Chen, B., Chen, M., Dai, A. Z., Morin, P. M., Marks, C. B., Padiyar, J., Goulding, C., Gingery, M., Eisenberg, D., Russell, R. G., Derrick, S. C., Collins, F. M., Morris, S. L., King, C. H., & Jacobs, W. R.
- Affiliations
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine (US)
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Departments of Pathology and Microbiology and Immunology, and Analytic Imaging Facility, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461; UCLA–DOE Institute of Genomics and Proteomics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1570; Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD 20892; and Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30303
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2003-10-13
- Volume
- 100
- Issue
- 21
- Pages
- 12420-12425
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- PMC
- PMC218773
- OpenAlex
- W2036635548
- Cited by
- 731
- References
- 28
- Citations by year
- 2026: 18 · 2025: 31 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 25 · 2020: 33 · 2019: 39 · 2018: 25 · 2017: 31 · 2016: 41 · 2015: 42 · 2014: 46 · 2013: 36 · 2012: 37
- FWCI
- 16.70
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Open Research (University of Surrey) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (1r21ai052356-01)
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (GM 62410, P50GM062410)
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R01AI026170, AI-26170, AI 52356, R37AI026170)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune responses and vaccinations
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Infectious Diseases and Tuberculosis
- Keywords
- BCG, Mycobacterium bovis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, virulence attenuation, ESAT-6, CFP-10, aerosol challenge, transposon mutagenesis, tuberculosis vaccine
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Antigens, Bacterial, Bacterial Proteins, BCG Vaccine, Cell Line, Genes, Bacterial, Genetic Complementation Test, Humans, Lung, Mice, Inbred BALB C, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mycobacterium bovis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Operon, Virulence, Mice, SCID, Gene Deletion, Mice
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