CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 731Tuberculosis Research and EpidemiologyImmune responses and vaccinationsInfectious Diseases and Tuberculosis

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 28 of the 28 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

The primary mechanism of attenuation of bacillus Calmette–Guérin is a loss of secreted lytic function required for invasion of lung interstitial tissue

Open access
Hsu, Tsungda, Hingley-Wilson, Suzanne M., Chen, Bing, Chen, Mei, Dai, Annie Z., Morin, Paul M., Marks, Carolyn B., Padiyar, Jeevan, Goulding, Celia, Gingery, Mari, Eisenberg, David, Russell, Robert G., Derrick, Steven C., Collins, Frank M., Morris, Sheldon L., King, C. Harold, Jacobs, William R.·2003·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
DOI 10.1073/pnas.1635213100PMC PMC218773
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Tuberculosis remains a leading cause of death worldwide, despite the availability of effective chemotherapy and a vaccine. Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG), the tuberculosis vaccine, is an attenuated mutant of Mycobacterium bovis that was isolated after serial subcultures, yet the functional basis for this attenuation has never been elucidated. A single region ( RD1 ), which is absent in all BCG substrains, was deleted from virulent M. bovis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains, and the resulting Δ RD1 mutants were significantly attenuated for virulence in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent mice. The M. tuberculosis Δ RD1 mutants were also shown to protect mice against aerosol challenge, in a similar manner to BCG. Interestingly, the Δ RD1 mutants failed to cause cytolysis of pneumocytes, a phenotype that had been previously used to distinguish virulent M. tuberculosis from BCG. A specific transposon mutation, which disrupts the Rv3874 Rv3875 ( cfp-10 esat-6 ) operon of RD1 , also caused loss of the cytolytic phenotype in both pneumocytes and macrophages. This mutation resulted in the attenuation of virulence in mice, as the result of reduced tissue invasiveness. Moreover, specific deletion of each transcriptional unit of RD1 revealed that three independent transcriptional units are required for virulence, two of which are involved in the secretion of ESAT-6 (6-kDa early secretory antigenic target). We conclude that the primary attenuating mechanism of bacillus Calmette–Guérin is the loss of cytolytic activity mediated by secreted ESAT-6, which results in reduced tissue invasiveness.

Overview

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1073/pnas.1635213100

Cites

28 of 28 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Verification

Claims the paper makes

We couldn’t retrieve this paper’s full text, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Citations

Cites

Show all 28 references

Research works printed but not linked: 4

  1. Calmette, A. & Guérin, C. (1909) C. R. Acad. Sci. 149, 716-718.
  2. Gheorghiu M. (1996) in Vaccinia Vaccination and Vaccinology: Jenner Pasteur and Their Successors eds. Plotkin S. A. & Fantini B. (Elsevier Paris) pp. 87-94.
  3. Calmette, A. & Guérin, C. (1905) Ann. Institut Pasteur 19, 601-618.
  4. Calmette, A. & Guérin, C. (1920) Ann. Inst. Pasteur 34, 553-561.

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Items 601–700 of 716

Related

See all

Metadata

Authors
Hsu, T., Hingley-Wilson, S. M., Chen, B., Chen, M., Dai, A. Z., Morin, P. M., Marks, C. B., Padiyar, J., Goulding, C., Gingery, M., Eisenberg, D., Russell, R. G., Derrick, S. C., Collins, F. M., Morris, S. L., King, C. H., & Jacobs, W. R.
Affiliations
  • Albert Einstein College of Medicine (US)
  • Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Departments of Pathology and Microbiology and Immunology, and Analytic Imaging Facility, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461; UCLA–DOE Institute of Genomics and Proteomics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1570; Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD 20892; and Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30303
ORCID
Venue
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Publisher
National Academy of Sciences
Published
2003-10-13
Volume
100
Issue
21
Pages
12420-12425
ISSN
  • 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
  • 1091-6490
DOI
10.1073/pnas.1635213100
PMC
PMC218773
OpenAlex
W2036635548
Cited by
731
References
28
Citations by year
2026: 18 · 2025: 31 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 25 · 2020: 33 · 2019: 39 · 2018: 25 · 2017: 31 · 2016: 41 · 2015: 42 · 2014: 46 · 2013: 36 · 2012: 37
FWCI
16.70
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Open Research (University of Surrey) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health (1r21ai052356-01)
  • National Institute of General Medical Sciences (GM 62410, P50GM062410)
  • National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R01AI026170, AI-26170, AI 52356, R37AI026170)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune responses and vaccinations
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Infectious Diseases and Tuberculosis
Keywords
BCG, Mycobacterium bovis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, virulence attenuation, ESAT-6, CFP-10, aerosol challenge, transposon mutagenesis, tuberculosis vaccine
MeSH terms
Animals, Antigens, Bacterial, Bacterial Proteins, BCG Vaccine, Cell Line, Genes, Bacterial, Genetic Complementation Test, Humans, Lung, Mice, Inbred BALB C, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mycobacterium bovis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Operon, Virulence, Mice, SCID, Gene Deletion, Mice

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review